The October Revolution

IOctober Revolution isinganzwisisiki, chinokakavadzana muhupenyu hwehurumende yeRussia, iyo inokonzera kukakavhiringidza kwakawanda. Yakave yakakonzerwa nezvikonzero zvinoverengeka nekufungidzira, izvo zvisingaiti zvinofanira kutungamirira mukugadzirisa kwakanyanya kwezvinetso zvakasimuka munyika.

Kubva muna 1914 kusvika muna 1918, Russia yakawana Hondo Yenyika Yenyika Yese, iyo iyo yakakonzera kukwikwidzana nekuda kwekushayikwa kwemutemo uye mutengesi muEurope. Russia mairi yakamanikidzwa kutora nzvimbo yekudzivirira, hondo yakarasikirwa nemasoja akawanda uye yakakundwa zvachose. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, mamiriro ezvinhu akagadzirwa zvokuti nyika yakasara isina hurumende ine simba. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinhu zvisina kunaka muhupfumi zvaikura (kushayikwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa, kutakura, basa, kukwira kwezvinhu, nezvimwewo). Pakati pezvematongerwe enyika, mumasangano nemakwikwi, mazano ekurwisana naTar Nicholas II akatanga kuibva.

IOctober Revolution yakanga ine zvose zvinotenderera uye zvinangwa. Kirasi yekupikisana yakasvika kune avogee muna 1917 inogona kuverengwa sechinangwa. Bourgeoisie aisakwanisa kutora matanho panguva yakakodzera kuderedza kusimba kwekirasi yekirasi. Mamiriro ezvinhu mumaruwa akanga akanyanya kuoma. Hazvina kuchinja kwema 1861 kana Stolypin kuchinja kwakagadzirisa matambudziko evarimi vaida kuva neminda uye kodzero yekurasikirwa nayo. Mukuwedzera, mumusha maiva nekusiyanisa zvakajeka kwevarimi vega. Kutanga kwekuvandudza kwakakurudzira hurumende yehurumende, iyo yakasimbiswa mushure mekuvandudzwa kweFebruary. Kuwanda kwehuwandu hwevanhu kwakanga kwakaoma zvikuru kutsungirira matambudziko ehondo uye aida kwazvo rugare. Kunyanya kunetseka nemauto.

IOctober Revolution ye1917 yaiva chiitiko chakakonzera kuchinjwa kwehurumende yehudha kuhurumende yebourgeois.

Hurumende Yepurogiramu haina kukwanisa kugadzirisa zvinowanikwa zvinetso zvevanhu (mibvunzo yorugare, nyika uye zviyo). Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kukosha kwevaSoviet, avo vakavimbisa kupa vanhu zvavaitarisira, zvakaonekwa zvakajeka.

IOctober Revolution yaiva nezvikonzero zvepamusoro. Vanhu vacho vainyanya kufarira pfungwa dzevanhu. Mukuwedzera, kwaivapo kare muRussia rimwe bato rakatsigira kuchinja kukuru uye rakagadzirira kusimudza vanhu vazhinji vekuvandudza. Yaiva boka reBolshevik rine mutungamiriri akasimba - VI Lenin.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, kushorwa kwehurumende mumunhu weBolshevik, uyo akatungamirira mukurwisana nehondo uye kurwisa hurumende nekukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba kune veSoviet, akatsigirwa nevanhu. Lenin akakumbira kuti apedzisire achinetseka. Kerensky neHurumende yeHurumende yakatanga kutora mauto kuPetrograd. Uye Mutungamiri wePetrograd Soviet uye Executive Executive (L. Trotsky) akatsigira nzira yaLenin.

Kuti uratidze zviito zvevapanduki, Politburo yakasikwa (Lenin yaisanganisira Stalin, LI Stalin, Trotsky, A. Bubnov, G. Zinoviev, L. Kamenev) uye Petrograd Military Revolutionary Committee (Y. Sverdlov, F. Dzerzhinsky, I. Stalin, etc.). Mapurisa eBolshevik akagadzwa vakuru vehondo . Hurumende Yepurogiramu yakapfuurira kusvika pakuparadzwa kwemichina yekudhinda yeBolshevik kuitira kuti kudzivisa kushungurudzika kweSoviet.

Mwedzi waOctober Revolution wakatanga nemhirizhonga yakagadzirirwa musi waOctober 24. Pakarepo, mabhiriji paNeva, Central Telegraph, Nikolaevsky gare gare, State Bank yakabatwa, zvikoro zvehondo zvakadziviswa, nezvimwewo.

Pausiku hwaOctober 25 kusvika Gumiguru 26, ne "Aurora" salvo, dutu rekuvhuvhuta rakatanga. Hurumende Yakatarisa yakarasikirwa nesimba. VaBolshevik vaiva mumusoro wehurumende. Pachipiri Yese-Russian Congress yeSoviet, Zvirevo zvakapiwa simba (kutendeukira kune veSoviet), runyararo (pasina kubhadhara uye kuwedzerwa) uye nyika (kubviswa kwevamwe pfuma yenyika, kuburitswa kwadzo pakati pevarimi). MuCongress, Council of People's Commissars yakasikwa - mutungamiriri wehurumende waifanira kushanda musangano weCentral Assembly. Icho chaisanganisira V. Lenin (sachigaro); I. Teodorovich, A. Lunacharsky, N. Avilov, I. Stalin, V. Antonov, nevamwe.Vashandi vatsva veCentral Executive Committee vakasarudzwa.

IOctober Revolution yakanga yakasikwa munhoroondo yeRussia uye yakave nezvakawanda zvakajeka.