Chokwadi chenhema chakachinja nyika

Kutendeukira kune zvakaitika, uchawana: chokwadi chisina chokwadi chakabudiswa kwechokwadi chisingatauriki kupfuura kamwechete. Ichokwadi, pane mazano mazhinji uye svesayenzi "kuwanikwa" kwakambove kutsausa pfungwa dzevanhu. Uyezve, vamwe vavo havana kungotorwa nekutarisana, asiwo kwakatungamirira kumigumisiro isingadzoki. Heano nenyaya 9 dzenhema dzakambochinja nyika.

1. Zvinhu zvepanyika hazvigoneki

Iye zvino kuenda kuUnited States hakusi kurema kukuru. Sezvo kune ziso rinogona kuona, kune migwagwa uye migwagwa inogumira kuti zororo. Asi nyika idzi dzakaratidza sei mazana emakore akapfuura? Mombe dzebhanga pedyo nezvivako, zviuru zvemhuka dzesango nemasango akaoma ... Paradhiso Pasi? Hungu, yakavapo, kusvikira zuva rimwe rakabva kuEurope uye harina kuparadza.

America yakaonekwa pamberi pevatorwa nechepakati pekufungidzira kusingafungidziki. Zvichida, izvo zvavakaona zvakavhundutsa zvikuru zvokuti vakasika nheyo yavo pachavo: pfuma yepanyama yepanyika haigone kupera. Vanhu, pasina kutyisidzira, vakaparadza mabheji, mhashu, lynx uye vanhu vakawanda vemabhere. Masango emasango nemasango zvakaparadzwa, nhamba yemabhiri yakawira kubva pamamiriyoni 60 kusvika kune chiuru, uye njiva dzakarasika dzakafa kunze.

Zvechokwadi, paivawo nevadziviriri vemasikirwo avo vakarwisana nemafungiro akaipa kune mhuka nemiriwo. Zvichida izvi zvakanga zvisiri nyore, nokuti vanhu havana kubvuma kuipa kwavo pakarepo. Imwe nzira kana imwe, iyo yaiva nhema yekusagadzikana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa izvo zvakatungamirira kugadziro yemapaki asingaverengwi emarudzi muUnited States.

2. Chimiro chomunhu chinogona kugadziriswa nekuonekwa

Tinogara tichitsanangura unhu hwemunhu, zvichibva pane dhesi rekunze, kana tichiziva izvi kana kwete. Ndosaka vateereri vakaita saJason Statham mumafirimu vanoita mhando yevanhu. Muzvokwadi, maitiro uye unhu hazvina chinhu chakafanana, uye iko kukanganisa kunokonzerwa nevateveri ve physiognomy.

Sayenzi yekujekesa unhu huri muhupenyu yakasimuka munguva yekare. Nokudaro, Pythagoras akaramba kutora vanhu sevadzidzi kana vaiita sebenzi, uye Aristotle akafunga kuti chiso chakakura chiratidzo chepfungwa huru. Yakarongeka zvakajeka kugoverwa kukuru kwe physiognomy muzana remakore rechi18 rechiItaly chiremba weItaly Giambattista della Porta, uye ichi ndicho chimwe chikonzero nei isu iye zvino nekuda kwemaitiro emhuno kana muromo kunogona kuonekwa somunhu kune snobs kana madivi.

Zvisinei, chakanyanya kukuvadza chakakonzerwa nemhosva yezvemhosva uye chirwere chepfungwa Cesare Lombroso muzana remakore rechi19. Mhosva, musayendisiti aive nechokwadi, ane zvimwe zvekunze kwedhesi. Nokudaro, masaya makuru uye pasi-lyub ainge atogona kupupurira kushaya mhosva kwekutadza. Izvo zvinoenderana nedzidziso yaDkt. Lombroso mukuziva kwevanhu kuti pfungwa yakajeka yokuti mutongi wemunhu anogona uye anofanira kutongwa nechitarisiko inoguma yakadzika.

3. Zvinonhuwira zvisingafadzi ndizvo zvinokonzera zvirwere

Kazhinji iwe unoda kuva muLondon muzana remakore re XIX. Mumakore ekuma1830, zvirwere zve typhus, furuwenza uye kora yakaparadza guta racho. Mamiriro ezvinhu aityisa zvokuti kunyange rutivi rukuru rwemagariro rwakatanga kuona kuti varombo vararama sei. Chikonzero cheizvi chaiva chirevo chezviitiko. Maererano naye, zvirwere uye rufu zvakakonzera kunhuwa, zvichibva pakuparara kwezvinhu zvakasikwa. Zvechokwadi, ichi chakanga chisinganyengeri, asi chakanga chava nemigumisiro yakanaka munyika yose seyakazara.

Tichivonga maasma theory, mamiriro ezvinhu ehutsanana akavandudzwa zvikuru muLondon. Zviri pachena kuti izvi hazvina kuitika usiku hwose. Zvigadzirwa zvakatangira nezviitiko zvakawira munhau seGreat Stench. Munguva inopisa yezhizha muna 1858, iyo Thames, iyo yaigara ichiwana tsvina kubva kumafekitari, zviurawa uye zvipfeko, yakatanga kusunungura kunetseka kusingagadziki, ichimanikidza vagari vemo kubva kuLondon, uye Paramende kuita zvisarudzo zvekukurumidza. Nenguva isipi chirongwa chitsva chemvura yakasikwa mumuguta guru, uye zvirwere uye rufu zvakanyangarika kubva mumigwagwa yaro.

Dzidziso yekushushikana yakarambidzwa chete muna 1892, apo chirwere chekusha muHamburg hachina kupararira kuLondon, pasinei nokuti ichi chichiri "mhepo inonhuhwirira". Zvichida, ipapo vanhu vanoyeuka nezvaDkt. John Snow, uyo muna 1854 akasimbisa kuti kora yakakonzerwa nemvura yakasvibiswa yekunwa kubva kuThames.

4. Paradhiso yechiKristu iripo panyika

Nhema yeumambo hwechiKristu wemupurisa John akaberekerwa muEurope muna 1145, uye kana ukararama munguva iyoyo, unodawo kuvapo. Maererano nenhoroondo, muumambo hwechiKristu kwakanga kusina mhosva uye kuda, kutsamwa uye godo, uye pasi pezizi dzaiva nemabwe anokosha. Zvisinei, rimwe dambudziko muparadhiso rakanga richiripo: rainge rakakombererwa nevahedheni uye savages, uye vakanga vasina chimwe chido kunze kwekuipamba. Kuti vawane uye vadzivirire umambo hwenhema, veEurope vakaisa mitezo yakawandisa muAsia neAfrica. Ndinoda here kuti kutsvaga kwechiKristu Shambhala uye mambo wayo akavakirwa kwakakonzera hondo dzekunamata dzine ropa?

5. Muviri womunhu unodzorwa nezvinhu zvina

Vaporeji vekare vechiGiriki vaitenda kuti munhu akasika kubva kumativi mana: ropa, simbi, dema uye yakatsvuka bile. Maji ehupenyu, sezvaaidanwa, akaenzana nezvinhu zvina: mweya, mvura, pasi nemoto. Zvinyorwa zvavo mumutumbi wemunhu zvakatsanangura rudzi rwehutano hwake. Saka, iyo yakawanda yebhinzi bhinzi yakamuita choleric, yakasviba - melancholic, mucus - phlegmatic, neropa - sanguine. Apo chikamu pakati pavo chinoputsika, vaGiriki vekare vaitenda, munhu wacho anorwara.

Iyi nyanzvi yaiva nechinangwa chakakosha, saka hazvishamisi kuti yakanga ine simba rakasimba pamishonga yezana remakore rechi19. Kuvandudza mararamiro ehupenyu ehupenyu nekudzoka, vanhu vakashandura nzira yavo yehupenyu, vakachenesa muviri nemhepo uye vakaita ropa. Nzira yekupedzisira yekurapwa yaiva yakaipisisa. Kuva hukuvadza kupfuura chirwere icho pachako, akadaro upenyu hwezviuru zvevanhu. Mumwe wavo, zvichida, aiva George Washington. Munguva yekuderedza ropa, iyo yaifungidzirwa kuderedza laryngitis uye pneumonia, mutungamiri wekutanga weAmerica akarasikirwa ne40% yeropa mushure mezuva uye akafa kamwe kamwe.

6. Munhu anogona kuwana hupenyu husingaperi nerubatsiro rwechirwere

Kuti vawane kusafa, vaayendisiti vekare vakashanda kwemakore anopfuura zana. Kuumba elixir raida, ivo vakavhenganisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye zvibereko zvekuedza kwavo zvakazviwana pachavo, izvo kazhinji zvakava chikonzero chekufa kwavo. Muna 850, imwe nyanzvi kubva mudzinza raTang yakasika chinhu chisingawanzogadzirwa kubva kumalahle, saltpeter uye sulfuri. Zvechokwadi, haana kumupa hupenyu husingaperi, asi akaita chimwe chinhu chakakosha zvakaenzana. "Elixir wekusingaperi" akapisa imba yake, uye akaparadzawo ganda remaoko uye chiso. Sezvakazoitika, nyanzvi yezvokurapa yakagadzira chirongwa chekuita pfuti. Nokudaro, haana kungotadza kusvika pakufa, asi zvakare akasika muurayi chaiye, nokuti izvo zvakazoitika hondo zvakanyanya kuwedzerwa ropa.

7. Mumaziso evanhu kune moto, kubvumira kuona nyika yakapoteredza

Vasayendisiti vekare vechiGiriki vakawana dzidziso yose, vachiedza kutsanangura kuti maziso evanhu anoshanda sei. Maererano naye, mukati mavo mune moto, umo vanhu vanogona kuona. Maziso, vaGiriki vekare vakatsigira, vanobudisa chiedza chinosangana nemasikati uye vanobatanidza zvinhu zvekunze nemweya.

Iyi nheyo yave ichionekwa kwenguva refu sesayenzi uye yakava nheyo yezvitendero pamusoro peziso rakaipa - kuona kunogona kuunza kukanganisa, njodzi uye kunyange njodzi chaiyo. Yakapinda munharaunda dzose dzezvitendero uye zvitendero, kusanganisira Islam uye chiKristu. Kwese kwaunenge uri, pasinei neEastern Europe kana Asia, kune zvinyengeri uye zvinoreva kwose kwose pamusoro peziso rakaipa. Zvinoshamisa, muzana remakore rechi21 tinoramba tichizvidzivirira. Zvakakosha here kutarisana munyaya iyi?

8. Kuwedzera kwekurima kwekurima kunokonzera mvura

Wati wamboona mifananidzo yeAmerican Midwest yezana remakore rechi20 here? Semurairo, havana chimwe kunze kwevhu rakaoma guru. Vakatanga kuonekwa mushure mokuguma kwehondo yevagari vemo uye kudzoka kwevarimi kune huwandu hwemaruwa akaenzana.

Pakati pe1865 na1875, muMidwest, imwe nhema yakamuka: vanhu vakawanda vanoshanda, nokukurumidza mvura inotanga. Mumwe nomumwe akataura pamusoro peizvi - kubva kune vatapi venhau uye masayendisiti kune vezvematongerwo enyika. Zvisinei, kuramba vachiita zvekurima mumasana, varimi havasi ivo chete vakakonzera mvura, asiwo vakaparadza sarura yakasara yevhu. Migumisiro yenzira isiri iyo yekurima iyo nyika yaiva dutu remhepo yema1930, uye nyika yaimbova yakaorera yakava nzvimbo yakaipa zvikuru kune varimi.

9. North North Pole ndiyo Edheni

Nhasi, nerubatsiro rweGoogle Earth, munhu wose anokwanisa kutsvaga chero chinhu chipi nechipi panyika. Zvisinei, mazana emakore apfuura apfuura, vanhu vakanga vasina hurongwa hwakadaro uye vasina kufungidzira kuti neNorth Pole inoratidzika sei, somuenzaniso, uye kufungidzira, sezvakaratidzwa nhoroondo kanopfuura kamwe, chinhu chinotyisa.

Maererano nevatsvakurudzi vezana remakore rechi16, kwakange kune gungwa rakasununguka. Pakanga pasina chando paNorth Pole, vaitenda. Mushure mezvose, zvingadai zvakanyunguduka mumazuva emvura, uye masikati machamhembe akange asina kuumbwa mumvura yemunyu. Rwendo rwakapfuura neNorth Pole rwaiita sevanotya vasina kutsvaga zviri nyore, asi mazana emakore mashomanana akazouya ivo vakangoedza kusvika kune iyo.

Muna 1879, nhema yePolar Eden yakadzingwa. Sezvakazoitika, hakuna gungwa rinodziya ririko, uye tariro dzose dzakananga dzakaparadzwa mushure mokutambudzika kwakaipa kwaGeorge Washington Delong.