Erich Ludendorff: biography nebasa reGermany mukuru

Kushingaira kunoshamisa, kushingaira uye kutendeseka izvo Erich Ludendorff anozivikanwa nokuda kwekumubatsira kuti ave murume anonyanya ane simba guru pamusoro pekupedzisira kweGermany mukutanga kwemazana makumi maviri.

Dzidzo uye kutanga kwehondo

Erich Friedrich Wilhelm Ludendorff akaberekwa musi waApril 9, 1865 mumusha weKrushevnya, uri pedyo neguta rePoznan munharaunda yekare yaimbova Prussia. Kuchengeta ramangwana remuwanakomana wake, baba vake vakamutumira kuzodzidza muBerlin pachikoro chepamusoro che cadet, uyezve kuMeshi yeGadis Academy. Pashure pokupedzisa kurovedza, ndakatumirwa kuRussia mwedzi mitanhatu kuti ndivandudze ruzivo rwangu rweRussia.

Muna 1906, Erich Ludendorff akatanga kudzidzisa maitiro nemauto ehondo kuM Military Academy, uye makore mashomanana gare gare akatungamira dhipatimendi rinoshanda reGermany General Staff. Muna 1913 akagadzwa mukuru wehurumende kuDusseldorf, uye mutungamiri mukuru we 85th Infantry Brigade muStrasbourg.

Brave act

Mune nguva yekuunganidza (August 1914), Ludendorff ane chigaro che Chief Quartermaster we Second Army Headquarters, iyo yakashanda munharaunda yeBelgium.

Kubhabhatidzwa kwake kwekutanga kwemoto kwakaitika pedyo neLuttich. Usiku, mauto eGermany, ane chinangwa chakanga chiri kurwiswa kamwe kamwe paimba yakasimba, akaita nharo pakati pemiganhu. Panguva iyi yekufambisa, mutungamiri wegomba reVussov akafa, uye Ludendorff, achitungamira pamusoro pake, asingatyi akatungamirira vanhu kuhondo. Kwapera nguva yakati, pamwe chete nomutongi wake, mberi kwemauto, akakurumidza kuenda kumusasa wevavengi nemotokari. Achinetseka, muvengi wacho akakurumidza kuzvipira kune anokunda.

Nokuda kwechiito ichi chakashinga, Erich Ludendorff, uyo ane nhoroondo yakazara yezviitiko zvehondo uye kushandiswa, akapiwa pachake Emperor Wilhelm II neChirongwa chePulle Merite.

Mubatsiri weHindenburg

Nenguva isipi Ludendorff akasarudzwa Mutungamiriri weVashandi veEighth Army, vakagara muEast Prussia. Utungamiri hweuto reGerman rakaitwa naPauro von Hindenburg. Mugumo wevanhu vaviri ava uchabatanidzwa kwenguva yakareba.

Pasinei nokuwedzerwa kwemauto eRussia, uto reGermany rakabudirira kuita mauto ekufambisa. Uye Erich Ludendorff, pakupera kwegore ra1914, akagadzwa mukuru-mukuru-mukuru kuMabvazuva Front. Mukutanga kwegore ra1915, murume uyu nokuda kwekubudirira kwechiuto akapiwa matavi oak kuChirongwa chePulle Merite.

Pakupera kwezhizha ra1916, Mutungamiri weChipatimendi cheVashandi akasarudzwa Hindenburg, uye Ludendorff panguva iyoyo akagamuchira nzvimbo ye High Quartermaster General. Iri urongwa hwemasoja ehondo hwakagadza pakati pevatungamiriri mutoro iwoyo wekutungamira kwebasa, uye inogonawo kuita kuti vamwe vasanzwisisana pakati pavo. Zvisinei, kubatana kwakakwana mumaonero avo pamusoro pemafambiro ehutsinye hwakakunda. Vakuru vatungamiri-mukuru-vateereri vakatevedzera nzira yekuparadza zvakashata, vachiita mabasa kubva kumashure uye kumativi emuvengi.

Kufuridzira mutemo wenyika

Mukutanga kwa1917, Germany yakabudisa hondo yakawanda yemagungwa ehurumende, uye muna 1918, kurwisa kwehondo kwakaendeswa kune Soviet Russia. Vakatangisa zviito zvakadaro vaiva Paul von Hindenburg naErich Ludendorff. Mifananidzo uye zvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza zvinotaurira zvakawanda pamusoro pevanhu, zviito uye nhoroondo yezvakanyorwa zvevanhu ava.

Pamusoro peLudendorff inogona kutongwa semunhu mukuru weyanzvi-nyanzvi, sangano, asi akange asina simba rezvematongerwo enyika. Akanga achinyatsonyoresa, asingakwanisi, asingakwanisi kuisa pfungwa dzake, uye achida chaizvo. Akanga ariwo mubatanidzwa wehurumende yekudzvinyirira zvechiuto uye mutsigiri wekushungurudza utsinye kwezvimwe zviratidzo zvekusagutsikana kwakakurumbira. Mukuwedzera, akatevedzera nzira dzakaipa dzekutungamirira zvehondo.

Muchirimo cha1918, Ludendorff akatora mabasa akawanda ekunyadzisa muFrance. Zvisinei, kupera kweuto kwakatungamirira kukundikana kwekupedzisira uye kuparara kwakakwana kweGermany muHondo Yenyika Yokutanga. Nokudaro, mukuru wegore raOctober wegore iroro aifanira kusiya.

Nguva yepashure

Nekuuya kweNovember Revolution muna 1918, Ludendorff akamanikidzwa kuenda kuSweden. Asi kare muna 1920, akava mumwe wevadzidzi vakakurumbira muKuppov putsch, uyo aiva nechinangwa chekubvisa Weimar Republic uye kuiswa kwekudzvinyirirwa kwehondo muGermany.

Gare gare, Erich Ludendorff akava pedyo nevaNazi. MunaNovember 1923, pamwe naHitler vakatungamirira kupera kwacho kusingagumi "Beer Putsch" muNunich.

Muna 1925, mushure mekunge akasiyana maonero neVaNazi, akateya Tannenberg Union, uye makore mashanu gare gare - chechi yevamwe "vanhu veGermany". Zvisinei, mushure mekunge Hitler auya kutonga, mabasa avo akadziviswa.

Mukupera kwema1920 Ludendorff, pamwechete nemudzimai wake Matilda, vakasiya basa kubva muupenyu hwevanhu. Munguva ino akaumba mabhuku akawanda umo akataura maonero ake kuti matambudziko ose munyika yose anomuka nekuda kwevaJudha, vaKristu uye Freemasons. Nguva yakawanda yakashanda mubasa re "Hondo Yese", umo maakaisa mheyo yake, maitirwo enyika ezvematongerwe enyika uye maonero ezvidzidzo.

Muna 1937, Erich Ludendorff, mutungamiri weGermany wevana vechidiki uye murume akakurumbira, akaurawa nekenza muTutzing (Bavaria), kwaakavigwa pamwe nemukurumbira.