Gore Rino 1687. Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy: nhoroondo, tsanangudzo uye chokwadi chinonakidza

VaSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy (1687) ndiyo yaiva yepamusoro yekudzidzisa muRussia. Yakasikwa kuMoscow uye yakaguma kusvika muna 1814. Ngatimbokurukurai kuti zvakadii Greco-Slavic-Latin Academy.

Nhoroondo

Vakatangisa vaiva mudetembi, mudzidzisi uye mudzidzisi Simeon Polotsky naSyvester Medvedev - mudzidzi wake. Kwemakore maviri asati afa, wekutanga akanyora "Chikomborero chezvidzidzo" - chikamu chekuita. Yakaisa mberi, chaizvoizvo, pfungwa yekusika yunivhesiti, zvidzidzo zvezvidzidzo uye kodzero dzemunguva yemberi yakasarudzwa. Kuvhura kweSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy, maererano naS. S. Polotsky, kwaizobvumira kudzidzisa vanhu vakadzidza kuchechi nehurumende.

Kudzidza zvirongwa

Muchikoro, Polotsky aitenda, chiPolish, chiLatini, chiGiriki nechiSlavic mitauro yaifanira kudzidziswa, "magwaro manomwe ehurumende" (piitics ne rhetoric, grammar, astronomy, mimhanzi, geometry, dialectics, filosofi) uye tezidzo. Vadzidzi nevadzidzisi vaigona kutongerwa chete nemutongi - "mutariri mukuru", pamwe chete nemukuru wemhuri, asi kwete nematongerwe enyika. Nokudaro, rudzi rwekuzvidzivirira kwunivhesiti rwakagadzirwa. Dzidzo yaifanira kunge yakasununguka. Panguva imwe chete, vadzidzi vanofanira kupiwa rubatsiro, uye vadzidzisi vekare vanofanira kugamuchira penheji.

Polotsky akatsanangura zvakaitwa neSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy. Akataura kuti sangano raizofanira kusunungura vafundisi vakatendeka, kudzidzisa vadzidzi kuchengeta kuchena kwemanamatiro ezvitendero. Pakati pemabasa eChikemy, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, Polotsky yaisanganisira kuongorora, kodzero yekutonga vakaramba kutenda. Izvo zvinoshanda zvechirongwa zvinofanira kusanganisira kuongorora mabasa emamwe masangano edzidzo uye vadzidzisi vekumba. Chikoro chikuru cheChikemy chaive chiri mumutauro wechiGiriki, umo mabhuku akawanda eiturgical akanyorwa.

AGL Kugadziriswa

Slavic-Greek-Latin Academy yakasikwa pachishandiswa Epiphany uye Printing School. Vadzidzi vekutanga vaiva hama Sofroniy naJoachim Likhudy. Neye tsamba inokurudzira yevekumabvazuva vekuMabvazuva, vakanyatsosvika kuMoscow. Hama dzakanga dziine ruzivo rwenyenzi, dzakange dzichiremba veCottonian Academy. Sophronius naJoachim vakaedza zvose zvavaiita kuti vadzike nzvimbo yepamusoro yekudzidzisa mumweya muRussia. Zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti makore maviri chete mushure mekufa kwePoltsky "Ropafadzo" (iyo nyanzvi yemagwaro yeChikamende) yakagamuchirwa nekutonga kwakadaro Fedor Alexeyevich. Makore matatu gare gare chikoro chakawana chikomborero kubva kuUtsvene Hwake Mutongi.

Zvidzidzo zvekutanga

Vakatanga muna 1685. Nguva yokutanga vakapfuura muMuzinda weEpiphany. Vakoma vaKupphud vakadzidzisa pakutanga pakutanga kwechiGiriki. Gare gare vakawedzera purogiramu yezvidzidzo uye vakaisa rhetoric mairi. Pakupera kwa1866, kuvakwa kwechivako chakasiyana pamunda weMonastery yeVese-Nenyasha Muponesi kwakatanga, iyo inozivikanwa seZaikonospassky (munzvimbo yainzvimbo yayo - seri kweiyo mifananidzo yakakosha). Hama dzaKupphud dzakatamira kune chivako chitsva mugore ra1687. VaSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy vakabatana mapoka matatu okutanga: kumusoro, pakati nepasi. Chokutanga, vakarovedza vanhu 104. Gore rakatevera vadzidzi vakava 163, uye muna 1689 - 182.

Kudzidziswa

Dzidzo yakatanga nekirasi yekugadzirira. Akanzi chikoro cheRussia. Paaipedza kudzidza vadzidzi vakatamiswa. Muchikoro chinotevera, Chikoro cheMagwaro echiGiriki, vakadzidza chiLatini, chiSlavic nechiGiriki. Mushure maizvozvi, vadzidzi vakatanga kudzidza dzimwe nyaya. Nzira yekupedzisira yakadzidzisa dzidzo, dialectics, rhetoric, physics. Hama dzaKupphud dzakanyora zvakanyora zvinyorwa zvose pamusoro pezvidzidzo. Muenzaniso, vakagamuchira mabhuku ezvidzidzo emayunivhesiti eEurope. Mabhuku aya aisanganisira mabasa aDhemocritus, Aristotle, Campanella. Pakanga pane mienzaniso yezvinyorwa zvezvidzidzo zvebhaibheri nemabasa ekunyora.

Kuumbwa kwevadzidzi

VaSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy vakabvuma vana vemhuri dzakasiyana-siyana. Saka, mwanakomana wemusungwa, mutengesi, mukomana anogona kuva muvakidzani wemwana wekunyoresa muchechi wepamusoro kana kunyange mutongi akanaka. Iyi sangano rekudzidzisa rakanga rakasiyana zvakasiyana nevamwe, avo vakagamuchira vadzidzi mukirasi chirevo. Kuwedzera kune veRussia, maSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy akagadzwa mugore ra1687 vakadzidziswa maBelarusian, veUkraine, vanhu vanobva kuCommwewealth, Moldovans, Lithuanians, vakabhabhatidza Tatars, Georgians. Mutsamba yevadzidzi vakanga vari kuMacedonia. Vadzidzi vepamusoro vakadzidziswa pavanenge vari junior, nokudaro vachipa rubatsiro kune vadzidzisi vakuru. Pasinei nekuti muimba yekugamuchira chikoro kirasi yacho haina kuonekwa, vadzidzi vakagamuchira dzidzo dzakasiyana-siyana.

Nhoroondo yeSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy muzana remakore rechi18

Kutanga kwezana remakore kwakaratidzwa nekuvandudzwa kwenyika kwaPetro. Vakagunzva pamusoro pekugadzirisa uye kudzidzisa. Muhupenyu hweChikamiro, danho rakataridzika rakatanga. Nhamba yevadzidzi yakawedzera kusvika 600, vadzidzisi vakawedzerwa, raibhurari yakawedzerwa. Muna 1701, sangano rakapiwa chimiro chehurumende yechikoro. Petro akatanga kukoka vadzidzisi kubva kuLviv neKiev, nokuti vakange vane pfungwa pamusoro pemamiriro ekudzidzisa kweWest Europe. Sezvo mutauro mukuru wakatanga kutaura chiLatin. Nguva yekurovedzwa yakagadzirirwa pamakore gumi nemaviri nemaviri. Chimiro chekudzidzira pachako chakatanga kuswedera kuWest European system. Iye zvino chikoro chacho hachina kugadzira vafundisi chete, asiwo vanachiremba, vashanduri, vashandi vehurumende.

Zvimwe kuchinja

Vadzidzi vakawanda havana kupedza chikoro chesekondari, uye mushure megore rokutanga rekudzidza vakaenda kuchikoro chekurapa, engineering, uye masvomhu, nokuti vaiziva chiLatin. Vana kubva kumhuri dzine urombo vakatumirwa kune dzimwe nyika. Ikoko vakadzidza Persia, Turkish, Arabic, uye "sciences nyanzvi", iyo yakadzidzwa panguva iyoyo muFrance. Panenge pachikoro chakatanga kutaura muEurope. Nekubvumirwa kweSinod, yakagamuchirwa muna 1721, vatorwa vakatanga kupinda muchirongwa. Vakanga vakaenzana nevadzidzi veRussia.

Muna 1708 uye makore 1710. 2 edicts akabudiswa. Zvinyorwa izvi zvakaraira vana vevafundisi kuti vadzidze mu "Chikoro chechiLatin uye chechiGiriki," uye chete pashure pekunge vapedza kudzidza vangave vanogona kuvimba mune zvekunamata. Zvisinei, vechidiki havana kuratidza kushingaira kwekudzidza. Muchirevo ichi, kubva muna 1721 Sinodi yakatanga kudaidza kuti vapirisiti vagamuchire risiti kubva kuvafundisi kuti vana vavo vaizopedzisa chikoro.

Chikoro chacho chakanga chisingazivikanwi pakati pevakuru, nokuti yakanga ine vadzidzi vashomanana kubva kumhuri dzine urombo. Muna 1729 hafu yevadzidzi vaiva vana vemasoja. Vadzidzi vakawanda - vanhu vanobva kune vanhuwo zvavo vaifanira kuwana mari yakawanda kuti vazvipe zvokudya. Izvozvowo zvakazoitika kune guru MV Lomonosov. Kwemakore mashanu iye akararama anenge hafu yeva nenzara, asi haana kurega kudzidza kwake. Mushure mokunge vapedza kudzidza, vana vevarimi vakadzokera kune vatenzi vavo. Kubva muna 1277 vanhu vese vanorega kupinda muchikoro.

Chokwadi chinofadza

Kubata kubvira mugore ra1687 yeSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy yaiva nemabhuku akawanda kwazvo muRussia. Ita reraibhurari yehurumende yakaendeswa kuchikoro chekudzidzisa pamwe chete uye kushandiswa kusingaperi. Rimwe remitambo yekutanga yeRussia yakagadzwa pachikoro. Yakanga yakavakirwa pachikwata chechikoro, umo Simeon Polotsky akaisa mabasa "Nebhukadhinezari", "Pamwanakomana Wakaparara."

Mutungamiri wekutanga we Academy Theatre wakaitwa muna 1701, munaNovember. Dare rakaratidza mutambo muevhangeri yeRazaro uye akapfuma. Kubva gore rino, maitiro ave ave tsika dzehupenyu hwevanhu venyika. Muna 1705 Feofan Prokopovich akaita kuti tragicomedy "Vladimir". Makore maviri izvi zvisati zvaitika, chiitiko chaive chichiitwa, chichitaridzirwa chimwe chezvinhu zvakajeka munhoroondo ye theater academy. Basa racho raiva chiito chinokunda uye rakanga rakazvipira kuna Petro kutorwa kweCarburgburg. Mumutambo, hondo yakaratidzwa sehondo pakati pe "Russian Mars" nemasimba akaipa. Zvinyorwa izvi zvakaitwa mumifananidzo ye "mwedzi weTauride" uye "shumba yeSweden". Zvigadzirwa zvakaguma nokupinda kwekukunda kwe "Russian Mars".

Zvivakwa muMoscow

Zvivako, apo yeSlavic-Greek-Latin Academy, yakagadzwa mugore ra1687, yakapiwa chimiro chechivakwa chekuvakwa kwehurumende inokosha. Mukugadzirisa kuvaka nzvimbo yekuyambuka, zvivako zvakagamuchira mhirizhonga yakawanda. Muna 2009, Moskomnaslediye akatsigira kuendeswa kwezvivako zveChikemy kune basa rekusimudzira rakanga riripo kare. Izvi zvakataurwa naSachigaro wemuviri - Valery Shevchuk.