The Sea Kara: zvinetso zvemhoteredzo vavo mhinduro. nyanzvi nepfungwa

Washes hwokumusoro pamahombekombe Russian Sea Kara pamepu iri pakati Severnaya Zemlya rezvitsuwa uye muzvitsuwa Franz Josef Land uye Novaya Zemlya. Ndicho inotonhorera chaizvo, kupfuura chando tembiricha mvura ichibuda chete parinowanika dzinoyerera munzvimbo huru nzizi Siberian. Zvinenge zvose gore riri akafukidzwa gobvu chando. Sea Kara udzamu iri diki - kazhinji kubva matatu zana metres, pane nzvimbo dzakawanda vari apo vaifanira ari makubhiti mazana matanhatu kusvika pasi. nharaunda Its - 880 akaenzana makiromita. Resources muGungwa Kara rakakura.

zvitsuwa

Akavhurika kusvikira padziva nzvimbo kweArctic yomugungwa, vakawanda ake Sea Kara riri Continental pasherefu, saka yo zvitsuwa zvizhinji kwaari, izvo dziri pamhenderekedzo. Ichi chinhu shoma gungwa, yakaoma. Nemhenderekedzo iri mukati pamwe bays yeGungwa Kara, umo unyatsoshanda rwizi, ikasara kusvikira sikweya makiromita mvura yakachena pagore ramazana. Kunze zvatinosiita nesafironi kodhi uye Pacific saury, yakawanda hove zvinokosha pano: zvatinosiita Sarimoni chena, whitefish, cisco.

Zvitsuwa Sea Kara, kazhinji duku, uye mukurusa nhamba - Asian mumhenderekedzo. The Kudeuka pakati pavo - Shokalski, White, Dixon, Vilkitsky, Russian. Uye chikuru archipelagos - Proceedings of CEC, kweArctic Institute, Sergei Kirov. Kuchamhembe muzvitsuwa zvegungwa zvishoma, uye vane diki: Wiese, Ushakov, Schmidt. Kara Sea pamepu iri nyore kuwana nokuti riri pakati zviwi.

mahombekombe

Kune dzinenge nguva dzose dutu. Naizvozvo, nemhenderekedzo Gungwa Kara zvakadaro chakakombama kuti zvinoita kuenzana. Kunyanya ichi akasiyana kumabvazuva kwemhenderekedzo Novaya Zemlya - zvachose fjords. Uye yakaoma akafananawo akarumwa - hombe akakora nayo vari pasi nemvura Ob Baidaratskaya muromo, nokudaro achiumba ari Yamal Peninsula. Uyezve, bays guru - Yenisei, Pyasinsky, gyda. All kumahombekombe Novaya Zemlya - nezvikomo uye mawere, morphological hunhu pachiwi dzinosiyana abrasion uye kuunganidza echando uye yakaoma pakatarisana, flat uye shoma-nhema, mawere pamahombekombe chete mune dzimwe nzvimbo.

Climate

Pool iri muGungwa Kara iri kweArctic, mukuru latitudes aro, pakati pake uye kweArctic bheseni riri pedyo chaizvo ukama, saka okunze kunonyanyisa, sezvo unofanira kuva Polar uye Marine. Rakagumbatirwa pakati pamakungwa Itsva Pasi hakudereri mhepo inodziya muna Kara uye dzenzvimbo Atlantic, saka kunyange nhema pedyo neGungwa Barents inodziya zvikuru. Sea Kara tembiricha anogara pedyo nechando, apo mumwe mwedzi yezhizha anogona kuenda chando.

In Mumatsutso nechando zviri pano kuti akaumba Siberian anticyclone, mhepo yokuchamhembe rikunde, uye kazhinji nedutu. New Earth iri rinenge nguva dzose pasi madutu - anonzi Novaya Zemlya Boron, mumwe zvechigarire kubva akawanda maawa mazuva akawanda. Muna Kara Sea Siberian nzizi kuunza hafu ose mvura inoyerera kupinda kweArctic. Yenisei, Ob, Pyasina, Taz uye Puri, pamwe nenzizi duku dzakawanda, kukanganisa salinity kweGungwa Kara, uye pamusoro wayo tembiricha nezvimwe hydrological maitiro.

Sechivako marina mvura

Mvura gungwa inokamukana yakatambarara nhatu marudzi. Okumusoro mvura - Arctic pamusoro inogarwa guru nharaunda, zvinoenderana nokuti chii panguva ino kudzika Sea Kara uye zvakadini yakachena mvura vakauya kurwizi. Where kudzika - mazana maviri metres, anenge mvura unsalted anogona kuzadza zvinenge kusvikira pasi pegungwa. Density yakaderera nokuti kuti salinity yeGungwa Kara rinokundwa nokuda guru inflow mvura yakachena uye zvichisiyana mashanu muzana Gulf Ob kusvika makumi matatu nezvishanu kubva muzana muna kuchamhembe kunzvimbo. Kuderera munyu - nokukurumidza oma. The kwakadzama - mvura saltier.

The mhando wechipiri Kara mvura - muromo chikamu, riri zvakavhenganiswa pickled uye kutonhora dzenzvimbo arctic mumakungwa pemvura. Vakawana mvura yakakwirira tembiricha uye vakaderera arambe achirema nokuda kushaya munyu, iyo anoumba chapamusoro iri denser saltwater. Ko zvino mira chokubuda zvishoma nezvishoma vakavhengana akaturikidzana yakadzika, asi okumusoro yasara dzinodziya uye zvishoma wakawanda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvainyanya yeGungwa Kara, pachinhu ichi, kuti gore-iri-gore kuchinja. Mvura tembiricha iri July pedyo yokumaodzanyemba anogona kusvika madhigirii matatu uye kuchamhembe pasi chando pedyo kuoma nechando chero nguva yegore - kubvisa rimwe dhigirii hafu.

Pasi Sea Kara

pasi kwakaita nzvimbo yacho tichishandisa akadzikama chete nechepakati munzvimbo, vainyanya Kara gungwa kudzika dzinosiyana. Kumaodzanyemba uye nechokumabvazuva, pedyo yakaoma, - vakawanda maburi uye kusimudza pasi pa dzakakwirira siyana. Kuchamhembe yakaoma tatamuka mujinga musimboti chikomo Kara, uyo kugoverana zvimwiro maviri: vokumadokero - St. Anne uye kumabvazuva - muchimwiro Voronin. Pano, zvikuru chaizvo. Uye mumwe mwoyo (mamita zana mashanu) riri pedyo New Earth - Novozemelnaya.

dzenzvimbo

Sezvo arambe achirema mvura kwakasiyana chaizvo uye panguva kudzika inokura iri kusvetuka uye miganhu, pakati akaturikidzana pane dzenzvimbo kuti vari kuedza kuzadzisa zvakafanana. madutu Persistent vanobatsirawo izvi: pakati pegungwa uye kumavirira akaturikidzana yakasananiswa kune chinjikira ari gumi kusvika gumi metres, asi isina kudzika mvura, pakati confluence of Ob uye Yenisei, nekuti desalination akaturikidzana kungotevera dzichienderana - makubhiti mashanu chete. The Sea Kara akapfuma nzira iyo kuenda mhiri payo, asi zvikuru zvinofadza ndedziya akakiyiwa kupinda denderedzwa chete kuti nharaunda iyi egungwa.

Inside the ano zvakanaka kugadzikana, vanovimba achinyanya riparadzirwe ari pedyo mumakungwa uye kweArctic bheseni. Uye, chokwadi, Rwako dzenzizi zvikuru kutsigira nemishonga iyi. Sea Kara yakafukidzirwa ari mhete. In kumavirira, mvura yeGungwa Barents Kutama kuburikidza kumaodzanyemba pakamanikana pakati Novaya Zemlya kuna Yamal, izvozvo akanhonga Mangondo of Ob-Yenisei kuyerera uye tofambira kuchamhembe, ipapo vakawanda ichi nemapazi mvura, vamwe vakadzokera kumaodzanyemba, kudzokera New Earth, inopfuura Gate Kara, merges yokutanga pamusoro pegungwa Barents, uye - mune inotevera kumativi.

chando pabutiro

In Mumatsutso nechando Gungwa Kara yakafukidzirwa chando, uye muzhizha asunungurwa chete chiduku chikamu. Muna September, chando inotungamirwa kunotanga kuchamhembe, uye kubudikidza October nechekare uye rwezasi akafuka chando. Kubva October kuna May, anenge ose gungwa - rimwe echando umambo. Ice siyana uye pfungwa, uye zera. At pemahombekombe muite kutsanya chando. Kuchamhembe-mabvazuva - chinoramba kanyika rokutsanya chando, pamusoro pachitsuwa White kuna Nordenskiöld Archipelago uye Severnaya Zemlya.

In kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero nzvimbo huru kutsanya echando risingabereki kutora. Uyezve rwezasi achiri wakachena chando mapazi kana duku chando. Izvi mabhizimisi centre Yamal uye Amderminsk polynya, gungwa uye pakati - the Ob uye Yenisei ane polynya. Izvi hazvirevi kuti hapana chando pano. He pachinenge. The kunonyanyisa Ukobvu anenge maviri metres - nhete, zvikuru vechidiki. Novaya Zemlya massif chando inonyunguduka muzhizha pakarepo. Uye kuchamhembe munzvimbo yegungwa echando yakasimba. Iye nguva dzose ikoko.

Arctic sherefu

Zvino zvose makungwa yakabatana kweArctic Ocean, pane kuchinja vakasimba chando pakavha. No Kusara neGungwa Kara. Russia ine dzinopfuura makumi manomwe kubva muzana kweArctic pasherefu, izvo zvinofanira kuongororwa. Zvachakapararira kwazvo shure echando pamucheto kubva kumhenderekedzo muzhizha. Kwedenga hombe remvura, zvakanga zvichiri dzisingateri. Climate change, nokudziya rinouya, uye pamwe pacho kushandura uye mabasa evanhu munyika kweArctic. Sea Kara zvakare maitiro hakusi kugara, zvinosuwisa.

tsvakurudzo

Chokutanga, pano hofori yeHydrocarbon deposits - Leningrad uye Rusanovskoe - pasherefu ari nechepakati uye okumavirira egungwa. Saka, nokukurumidza kuchava mapaipi, rigs uye kwematangi. Arctic mararamiro - hazvisi pakati latitudes, apo zvakaipira chero netsaona vanobviswa, kunyange zvakaoma. Hezvinoi anenge hazviiti.

Pakutanga mumunda kukura urongwa mumakore gumi, asi nguva anogona yekudyidzana pedyo. Rosneft akatotora akaita okuti regadziriro basa Makomba acharamba pasina kutora chikamu weU.S. kambani ExxonMobil, izvo makondirakiti nokuti vagari kukura deposits zvaigadzirwa pamberi zvirango. Vachapiwa Akaongorora kusanganisira Sea Kara.

zvinetso zvemhoteredzo

Kutora chinhu chikuru Freshwater eko nharaunda, gungwa rinamakwapa zvose achiumbwa yakakura iri maindasitiri kweSiberia. Saka, zvose zviri okunze matambudziko, tsaona zvose maindasitiri uye kunyange Ngwavaira, achipfuura waterways, vari iiswe kweArctic. Uye kupfuura zvose, rikawira muGungwa Kara. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo uchangotanga. Kusvibiswa pamwe inorema simbi kubva mvura Ob uye Yenisei inokura pamwe roga gore.

Petroleum zvinogadzirwa

The Northern Sea Route yayo dzose inorema motokari ngarava kunyanya kushanda zvakaipa zvakatipoteredza. Petroleum utachiona rakakura nharaunda yose kufamba kwavo. Asi miti nemhuka zvakazonaka uye kasvisto, iro rine Sea Kara, zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza zvinogona kuuraya. Kunyange zvazvo munzvimbo kumahombekombe vaiona mwero zvakasvibiswa (akayera nguva inoitwa mumisha pedyo Amderma uye Dixon), asi imwe nzvimbo huru wakapiwa nepagungwa indasitiri, kare utachiona yakatsiga. Uye ndiani anoziva zvimwe tigume muGungwa Kara. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo zviri kugadziriswa asi havaratidzi.

Yenisei-baba

Wevasungwa inorema nesimbi iri miromo Ob uye Yenissei kunowedzera vose quantitatively uye qualitatively. Copper, zingi, manganese, kutungamirira, tini, nesimbi - ichi hachisi mazita rose zvinhu anowana muGungwa Kara. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo muuye simbi kugadzirwa mu Norilsk, pano runoyerera ane utachiona aerosol mvura zvinhu.

Around guta rino, nzizi dzose uye madhamu Vakasvibiswa kwazvo, kunyange zvakanyanya, asi inoyerera kubva pano kusvika Yenisei Gulf, rwizi guru Rinotarisira kunatswa zvikuru wachinjwa nechishamiso.

mwaranzi

Pamusoro haisi njodzi yakakura, izvo kutamburawo Sea Kara. zvinetso zvemhoteredzo here rakatanga radioactive pakusvibiswa. Sezvo sixties remakore rechimakumi maviri rwaiitwa vakawanda pedo-pose, mhepo, pemvura uye pevhu yenyukireya Kuputika musi Novaya Zemlya. Somugumisiro chete rakaipisisa chadenga pamusoro mamiriyoni gumi nematatu curies necesium-137. Sei sei pfuma Gungwa Kara - unogona kufungidzira.

Panenge ichi iyoyo kuchamhembe zvose mumakungwa kune marara ose mhando radioactive kunouraya. East pasherefu muNew Earth - nzvimbo huru kuti chinangwa ichi: kuti makumi manomwe muzana zvose mwaranzi nemafashamo pano kubva gumi kusvika mamita mazana mana udzamu. Special ngozi - zvikuru reactors zvenyukireya Ngarava dzepasi pemvura pamwe mafuta apedza zvenyukireya.

Pano ndipo aizi "Lenin" uye gumi nezviviri midziyo nenhumbi ngozi. Kunyange zvazvo nguva kuzvidzora kuyerwa uye haaratidzi nekumwisa padanho radioactivity zvose bays yeGungwa Kara, asi zvinogona vauye rufu kune zvose zvipenyu zvose panguva madaro marefu kubva panzvimbo kuvigwa.

chando wegejo

Emakore anoverengeka muGungwa Kara vachidurura masangano maviri simba pamusoro USSR: iri rehurumende uye wengarava renyukireya rengarava. Kune kwete midziyo chete akavigwa, asiwo-dimensional matatu zvivako zvisingagoni zvishandiswezve. izvi zvose nhema achitevedza mahombekombe kutambura of New Earth. Zvose inochengeterwa yakavimbika sezvinobvira. No zvarakasiya kubva pakanyorwa nemwaranzi pachitsuwa uye zvakawanikwa akapoteredza. Zvisinei, murume kumbova akakwanisa kurova zvinhu.

vakavigwa vakawanda vakaitwa mumvura isina kudzika, uye ipapo kubvira nguva nenguva nezvinoitika chando exaration - vypahivanie, kureva kuparadzwa aizi mabwe pamubhedha ari rechando. Kuburikidza gouging rechando unowana rusununguko uye otanga kufamba. Pamwechete zvigadzirwa wokuparadza. Akunoita: akaumba kunyanya gobvu chando kubva dutu guru musisiri, amira tote yakakura hummocks - zvisingaperi minda mazino makuru akadaro.

Ipapo dutu dzaserera zvishoma uye zvakasimba hummocks -oma pamwe huru pavazhinjisa chando, rakafanana incredible kukura gejo. Zvino dutu zvakare. Uye mberi zvakare. Ndakamira nemavhinga vari nechikepe uye kurima pasi isina kudzika mvura kuti kudzika gumi mamita. Uye nokuti mapaipi kuti vari kudzika kupfuura gumi kusvika gumi metres zvisina kunyudzwa, kune ngozi. Asi kana pane kudaro kurima midziyo pamwe mwaranzi - chinotova inotyisa.