Monocots: matangiro uye unhu dzekirasi

Monocots Panyika akazviratidza kusvika panguva iyoyo sezvo bipartite: kubva iyoyo yakapfuura makore anopfuura mamiriyoni zana. Asi pamusoro mapiro zvakaitika, botanists hakuna tenderano. Vatsigiri vanoti imwe nzvimbo kuti monocots vazukuru kupfuura nyore bipartite. Ivo kuva nyorova akakwirira mu mumadziva, pamhenderekedzo ine makungwa nenzizi. Uye vanotsigira rechipiri maonero vanodavira kuti monocots zvinobva kuna kupfuura chinyakare nhengo dzekirasi ravo chete. Kureva, zvinoitika kuti chimiro, asati mavara ano kungava herbaceous.

Palms, rekushongedzesa uye petsanga - mhuri idzi nhatu yakapiwa uye rinoparadzirwa pakazopera ari Cretaceous kumwedzi. Asi bromeliads uye orkideat, zvichida, gotwe.

Monocots nhengo boka angiosperms, chechipiri pakukura. Ivo pamusana anenge 60 000 marudzi, genera - 2800, uye mhuri - 60. Of uwandu kuti maruva miti monocots ndicho chikamu chechina. At muganhu 20-21 emakore botanists kwakawedzera kirasi iyi nokuda kusabatana mhuri dzinoverengeka kare vakasarudzwa. Saka, Somuenzaniso, akagovera seruva. Mhuri orkideat zvikuru vakawanda akazviratidza, zvichiteverwa rekushongedzesa, sedges, nemichindwe. Uye zviduku nhamba kwazvakaita ane Araceae - 2500.

Kwakajairika, zvikuru kushandiswa munyika kupatsanura gadziriro monocotyledonous maruva miti yakatanga muna 1981 neboka nyanzvi kubva US - Artur Kronkvist. Akadzika monocots zvose subclasses shanu: kommelinidy, aretsidy, zingiberidy, alismatidy uye liliidy. Uye mumwe nomumwe wavo richine anoverengeka mirayiro unokosha, uwandu iyo-siyana.

Monocots vari Monocotyledones. A kupatsanura ezvinhu yakataurwa APG uye nokupa zita boka iri Chirungu chete, izvozvo rinoenderana Monocots kirasi.

Nechipiriso achinyanya monocots makwenzi uye muduku kumwero - miti, nemiti uye mizambiringa. Pakati pavo vazhinji vanosarudza marshland, madziva, maberekero Mabumba. Vamiririri vemhuri iyi varipo mumakondinendi ose apasi.

Russian zita monocots yakagamuchirwa nokuwanda cotyledons. Kunyange zvazvo nzira iyi dzokuziva hapana zvakakwana yakavimbika kana nyore.

Kokutanga kusiyanisa monocots uye dicots wakatangwa muzana remakore rechi18 Chirungu zvipenyu John. Ray. Akazotaura zvinotevera unhu kirasi yokutanga:

- Kunobva Pakuti: kashoma mapazi; vakavhara tsapo dzavo vascular; mwanda vascular vanoiswa randomly pamusoro vakatongoparadzwa.

- Leaves: zvikurukuru amplexicaul, pasina stipules; Kazhinji rakamanikana chimiro; arcuate kana yakafanana venation.

- Root hurongwa: fibrous; adventitious Midzi nokukurumidza kutsiva embryonic mudzi.

- Cambium: kwete, panyaya iyi, kwete thickened hunde.

- Camadas: monocotyledonous.

- Flowers: perianth inoumbwa vaviri, kunonyanyisa --izwi matatu zvido; chete nhamba Stamens; zvitatu carpel.

Zvisinei, somunhu mumwe nomumwe, mumwe nomumwe hunhu izvi hazvigoni zvakajeka kusiyanisa bipartite uye monocotyledons. Ivo chete inokurukurwa yakasanganiswa, kuti tikwanise zvakarurama kuisa kirasi.