Kober Alexander Pavlovich, piyona-hero: biography, feat, memory

Kusvikira muna 1941, ava ndivo vaiva vakomana vakanyanya kunyanya kuchengeta mitemo yemapiyona. Kudzidza, kubatsira vanhu vakuru, kutamba mitambo nekukurukurirana nevezera rako - ndicho chaive chikonzero chehupenyu hwavo. Uye apo vapanduki veNazi vakauya kunyika yeSoviet, moto we rudo rutsvene kuMamare yakabva yatanga kupinda mumoyo yevana vavo uye pamutengo weupenyu hwavo mapiyona akasimuka kuti avadzivirire. Pamapfudzi akaoma evechidiki nevasikana vakangoerekana vawa kuongororwa kukuru nenzira yehutano hwematambudziko, njodzi, kushaiwa. Asi ivo havana kuvadzora, asi vakangoita kuti varambe vachitsungirira, vakasimba uye vaine chinangwa. Valya Kotik, Zina Portnova, Vitya Korobkov, Vladimir Shcherbatsevich - ichi chikamu chikamu chiduku cheavo, avo vakaenzana nevakuru, vakanga vasingatyi kutsiura muvengi. Uye zvechokwadi, hatigoni kukundikana kuverenga zvakaitwa naShura Kober naVivya Khomenko. Nhoroondo dzavo dzinofanana nemadonhwe maviri emvura.

Vose vavo vakakurira mumhuri isina kukwana, vakarasikirwa nevana vavo chaivo, vakange vari musangano repasi, uye vakatoparara mune rimwe zuva. Chii chinonyatsozivikanwa pamusoro pevaya vechidiki, umo maida mapiyona ose akaenzana? Ngationgororei nyaya ino muchidimbu.

Shura

Kober Alexander Pavlovich akaberekerwa muguta reNikolaev (Ukraine) musi waNovember 5, 1926. Nharaunda, aigara munharaunda yekushanda. Baba vake, hero yepayona yenguva yemberi yakange isingazivi, nokuti akarasikirwa noupenyu hwake pamberi peGreat Patriotic War (panguva yekuedzwa kwechikepe chehondo paGungwa Dzvuku). Kubvira pauduku, Shura akaratidza kufarira kuverenga. Mabhuku ake aidiwa aiva "Adventures of Captain Hatteras", "Suvorov", "Gadfly". Mukuwedzera kune mabhuku, Kober Alexander Pavlovich aifarira kutamba violin uye akatopinda kuchikoro chemimhanzi.

Basa

Utano husina hanya uye hwakajeka hwaShura hwakaguma muna August 1941. VaGermany vakatora Nikolayev. Inenge dzose masangano ehurumende akarega kushanda, kusanganisira vanachikoro chechikoro uye zvikoro.

VaFascist vaitendera mafirimu maviri chete uye "Hermitage" yemitambo. Sekare mumazuva ekutanga emabasa, Kober Alexander Pavlovich akasimuka kuti adzivirire guta rekumusha kwake, asi kurwisana kwake nemuvengi kwaiva kwechimiro chechimiro, uye haana kubva ava nhengo yehurongwa hwepasi pasi. Akakwanisa kumunganira neboka duku revarume uye akatanga kudzivirira maGermany kubva pakuziva zvirongwa zvavo zvakakomba.

Saka, rimwe zuva piyona wenguva yemberi-hero akakuvadza kambani yekukurukurirana, iyo yakatambanudzira kuenda kumusasa wemauto ehondo. Mukomana wacho akachengetedza pachivande kuunganidza uye kuvhara imwe arsenal yezvombo, kusanganisira zvombo, grenades nemapfuti. Kazhinji Kober Alexander Pavlovich akapa zvokudya kune vanhu vemaguta avo maGermany akaita vasungwa vekambani yevasungwa "Shpalag-364".

Underground

Kuedza kwekurwisana kwakavanda nemauto aHitler kwakange kusina kuonekwa naAna Simanovich naClaudia Krivda. Kwaive nekubatsirwa kwevanhu ava kuti wechidiki akazova nhengo yehurongwa hwepasi pasi "Nikolayev Center". Pashure penguva yakati, Shura akatotanga kuita mabasa akadai, ekuti: akagadzirisa nzvimbo yezvikamu zvepascist, akatevera nzvimbo yezvivako zvehondo uye akaudza zvose zvingangodaro mamiriro ezvinhu epamusoro. Izvi zvose, kana muchidimbu pamusoro paShura Kober. Asi iyo, iyo yaakaita pamwe chete naVivya Khomenko, inofanira kugara ichitsanangurwa mumashoko ose nemashoko.

Vitya

Zvinonzwisisika, tinofanira kugara pamusoro pehupenyu hwehupenyu hweAlexander Kober.

Vitya Khomenko akaberekwa musi waSeptember 12, 1926 muUkraine Kremenchug. Mukomana uyu akarasikirwa nababa vake pakutanga, avo vakarwa kurutivi rweReds panguva yeHondo Yenyika. Viti muhuduku hwake hwakanga huri nyore: amai chete vaifanira kumurera iye nehanzvadzi mbiri. Mukomana akadzidza kare kuti basa ripi, uye akanga asina nguva shoma yekutamba nevezera rake. Akava rubatsiro rwechokwadi kuna amai uye nguva dzose aimubatsira mukutarisira kweimba. Kuchikoro piyona aizivikanwa nekushingaira, kushingaira uye kurangwa. Kubvira pauduku, Vitya akarota nezvegungwa uye pane imwe nguva yakakodzera yakada kushambira. Apo nguva yezororo yakasvika, mwana wechidiki akamhanyira kurwizi kuti aende.

Hondo

Vitya akadzidza nezvekupinda kwevaGerman vanopinda, apo aive mumusasa weapiyona pedyo neNikolayev. Pasina nguva akadzokera kumusha (kuna Nikolaev) uye akatanga kufunga pamusoro pokuti angapikisa sei vapanduki vokune dzimwe nyika. Mukomana uyu akatanga kupedza nguva yakawanda mumugwagwa, achidzokera kumatende ake evanhu, apo yakanga yava kutova nerima.

Nenzira, amai vacho vaishamisika kuti mwanakomana wavo ainge anonoka kwemazuva pamagumo. Sezvazvakaitika, iye, saSrara Kober (gamba rechipayona), akatanga kurwisana zvakavanzika nevan fascists. Vitya yakaitei? Akaona mapepa emaguta uye asinganzwisisiki kubva kune munhu wose akagura zvinyorwa zvinyorwa zvevaGermany. Mukuwedzera, wechidiki akazviitira mutsvaga redhiyo uye mune imwe yemadhorodhi eimba yeimba, pamwe neshamwari dzakateerera inzwi raUr Yuri Levitan, uyo anozivisa nyaya dzezvino kubva kumuzinda weU.SR. Ipapo vakomana vakanyora pasi pasi pepachivande ndokuvadzivisa kuti vaverengere kuvanhu vomunharaunda uye vagari vemisha yakapoteredza.

Kuwana zvinyorwa zveGermany

Mushure mechinguva, Vitya Khomenko anosarudza kupinza mukati momuvengi wepanyika. Akaronga kuzoshandira vaHitleriti semubatsiri mukicheni chebasa rechipatara. Achiri kuchikoro, piyona akaratidza ruzivo rwakanaka rwechiGerman kune vadzidzisi, uye mamiriro ezvinhu aya, pamwe nemhando dzakadai seunyanzvi uye kushingaira, achabata mumaoko ake: Victor akakurumidza kuwana chivimbo cheva fascists. Somugumisiro, wechidiki haasi kudzivirirwa kuti ataure nevarwi vakakuvadzwa veGermany vasingatauri pamusoro pekuti havadi kuurayiwa nekuda kwekuzadzisa pfungwa dzinonyangadza uye dzisina musoro dzeHuhrer. Usavanza mauto eReich kubva kumapiyona uye mazita evakuru vakuru nevatungamiriri vane mirairo yavanoita.

Vitya Khomenko haasi kupotsa zvinyorwa zvishoma zvakataurwa naFritz. Anopedza nguva yakawanda muIndonesia yekudyira "Ost", iyo nguva nenguva inogamuchira kubva kune fascists basa: kuendesa kune imwe kero iyo iyi kana kuti pakiti yemabhuku epachivande. Kune sangano pasi pepasi "Nikolaev Center", ruzivo urwu rwakakosha, uye, nenzira yekuti, Victor akabudisa zviri mukati pemapepa akawanikwa kubva kuGermany kuvakuru vake.

Pane imwe nguva maHitler vakamupa magwaro anokosha zvikuru, ayo aive anokosha zvikuru. Zvechokwadi, yakanga iri urongwa hwekufambisa mberi kwemauto aFascist kuCaucasus. Asi kudarika zvinyorwa zvakavanzika kuvakuru veuto reRussia kuMoscow nechekure kure zvaisakwanisika: bhukie-hurukuro yakaputsa ... Uyezve, pasi pevhu raiva nezvigadzirwa zvemapuraneti, mishonga nezvombo. Zvakasarudzwa kuti zvigadzire pakavanzika mapepa kumakurukota, achipa bhizinesi iri rekuita uye risina ngozi kune vechidiki vaviri asi vaine vashandi vepasi pevhu.

Nzira yeMoscow

Vaiva Vitya Khomenko naShura Kober. Asi kuti ungabva sei muguta uye kwete kukonzera kunetseka kubva kuGermany? Vakakwanisa kukanganisa kutarisa kwevaJalimane, vachiti vaifamba mumusha kuti vachinjana zvigadziro zvekudya.

Pakava chiedza chete, vakomana vakasiya imba yakachengeteka. Shura Kober, ane ruzivo rwechizvarwa chemazuva ano chisinganyanyi kuzivikanwa, akavanza ruzivo rwakavanzwa mune tsvimbo yakagadzirwa nemagodo. Nzira yekuenda kune guta guru yakanga yakaoma uye inotyisa. Pakutanga, mapiyona acho akafamba nechikepe parutivi rwizi rwaKuban muchikepe, uye pashure pokunge yanyura, vaifanira kushambira kumahombekombe kuti vashambire. Mushure mokunge vawana nzvimbo apo musungwa weRobert Army wakanga wakamira, vatungamiriri varo vakaita kuti Alexander naVictor vaende kuhofisi yeTranscaucasian Front. Pakupera kwaAgasti 1942 pasi pevhu pane imwe ndege yeuto kubva kuguta reGeorgia yakasvika kuMoscow. Mushure mokunge vaisa purogiramu yakavanzika yemapepa kusvika kwavanoenda. Basa racho rakapedzwa.

Mugwagwa

Nokukurumidza zvakanga zvakakodzera kudzokera kuNikolaev. Mapiyona nemutambo weredhiyo Lydia Britkin vakasarudzwa kuti vaendeswe neendege. Vose vatatu vavo vakabudzwa kubva mundege neparachute, apo ndege yakasvika munharaunda yeNikolayev. Mukuwedzera kune vhepfenyuro redhiyo uye vashandi vepasi, maparachuti akadonherwa kubva mundiza ane nhumbi dzinokosha: zvombo, cartridges, chigadziro chokudhinda propaganda zvinhu, muterevhizheni. Mumwe weparachute akadaro haana kusvika kwaanofanira kuva. Akabudirira akagadziriswa munharaunda yeSebino (Novoodessky district) Vitya, Alexander uye Lida vakazoziva kuti parachute "x" yakawanikwa nevaJalimane. Pasi pevhu rakasarudza kuita sezvinotevera: Khomenko achaenda kuna Nikolaev, uye Lida naShura Kober (gamba reapiyona) vacharamba vari munzvimbo yekutsvaga kuti zviitiko izvi zvichawedzera sei.

Khomenko akazosvika kumugwagwa weNew Odessa - Nikolaev, uye kuzosangana naye akabatwa motokari muimba yaigara maGermany. Pasina kurega kuzvidzora, wechidiki akasimudza ruoko rwake. VaGermany vakanga vakaodzwa mwoyo nemafambiro aya, asi vakamira. Asi Khomenko ainyatsoziva mutauro wechiGermany, uye akaputira muvengi. Fritzs akaratidza kuti Vitya inofanira kumuunza, saka saka pasi pevhu paiva muNikolayev. Pasina nguva akanga atova kuNikolayev Centre. Shura Koberga mushure mechinguva zvakare akakwanisa kusvika zvakanaka kumba.

Kusungwa kweVivya

Asi paiva nechinetso nekutakura kwekupedzisira kwematoro anokosha. Kubatsira pakuburitsa kwayo kwakabvumirana neCommunist Vsevolod Bondarenko, uyo, pamwe naKomenko, akaenderera mberi kuita basa racho.

Kuti asakonzera kushungurudzika, Bondarenko akaputira gurundi rakaputirwa nehuro yose yezvokupfeka, asi Vitya akafamba pedyo naye. Kuenda kunzvimbo yacho yakanga isina zvishoma, apo nzira kuenda pasi pevhu yakanga yakavharwa neGermany patrol. Khomenko nevamwe vaifamba navo vakasungwa.

Kusungwa Shura

Nenguva isipi imwe nhengo yevanorwisa-fascist pasi pevhu yakasungwa. Paimwe yeusiku husiku hwaNovember muna 1942, vaFascist vakaendesa kumba kwaiva naShura Kober. Mumaawa mashomanana maGermany akadzinga piyona kubva kunze kwekugara ndokumumanikidza mumotokari. Ipapo akange ari muchitokisi chejeri. Uye zuva rakatevera, Alexander akaungana ikoko neshamwari yake Vitya Khomenko. Sezvakazoitika, maGermany akaenda kusangano repasi pasi nekuisa munhu wavo mazviri. Uye mushure mechinguva nguva mutevedzeri akapa nhengo dze "Mykolayiv Center". Mazuva anotevera mapiyona aya anotambudzwa zvakanyanya uye kutambudzwa kweropa: maGermany anoda kuedza zvose kuti aone kuti vashandi vepasi pevhu vakakwanisa sei kupupurira mushumo wakavanzika kuMoscow. Asi vechidiki havana kutaura shoko kune muvengi. Kuurayiwa kwemapiyona kwakaratidza utsinye.

Kuitwa

Ivo nevamwe vashandi vemuvhu pasi 10 vakaurayiwa musi waDecember 5, 1942. MuPazza Square, maGermany akaisa ganda, uye vaurayi vakaita basa ravo rekuteura ropa. Shura naVivya vakafa semhare. Mapiyona mushure memazana emakore nekuda kwekushandisa kwavo akapiwa Mutemo wePatriciatic War I degree. Mumakore ekupedzisira muna 1959, chivako cheShurra Kober neVite Khomenko chakagadzirwa muPionersky Square yeNikolaev.