Kutanga kwokutanga kwemurume ari pamwedzi. Zuva, nhoroondo, mazita

Space yakagara iri iyo nzvimbo iyo inokwezva nekuswedera kwayo uye kusagona. Vanhu vanozvimiririra vatsvakurudzi, uye kuziva ndekufambira mberi kwekubudirira mune zvose mazano eumhizha nekuwedzera kwekuzviziva. Kuenda kwekutanga kwemunhu pamwedzi kwakasimbisa chivimbo chokuti isu tinokwanisa kugadzira ndege.

Shanduro yepasi

Zita rechiRussia remuviri we "cosmic" Luna "mukushandura kubva kuProto-Slavic zvinoreva" kujeka ". Ndiyo shamwari yepanyama yenyika yedu uye muviri wayo wekudenga uri pedo. Kukwanisa kuratidza chiedza chezuva pamusoro penyika kunoita kuti mwedzi ive chinhu chechipiri chiri kupenya mudenga. Kune maonero maviri pamusoro pekutanga kwemuviri wepasi : yekutanga inotaura nezvekuitika kumwechetezvo pamwe chete nePasi, wechipiri inotaura kuti satara yakaumbwa pane imwe nzvimbo, asi yakagadziriswa nechisimba.

Kuvapo kwetabhenekeri kunoita kuti kuve nekuonekwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha papasi redu. Semuenzaniso, nesimba rekukwezva kwayo, Mwedzi unogona kudzora nzvimbo dzemvura (matsi uye ebbs). Nokuda kwehukuru, anotora chikamu chekurwiswa kwemeteorite, iyo inenge ichidzivirira pasi.

Initial Research

Kuuya kwekutanga kwemurume ari pamwedzi ndicho chikonzero chekuda kuziva kweAmerica uye chinangwa chenyika kuti chiwane USSR mumutauro chaiwo wekucherechedza kwepasi. Kwemakumi emakumi emakore, vanhu vave vachicherechedza muviri uyu wokudenga. Kubudiswa kweteresikopu muna 1609 naGalileo vakaita nzira yekuona iyo satellite yakafambira mberi uye yakarurama. Sezvo iyo yakanga isiri yemakore zana, apo vanhu vakasarudza kutumira kune imwe nzvimbo yomuviri yekutanga motokari isina kumbomira. Uye rimwe rekutanga pano raive chaizvo Russia. Musi waSeptember 13, 1959 pamusoro pemwedzi wakasvika pane imwe nzvimbo yerobhoti, iyo yakatumidzwa pashure peSatellite.

Gore rokutanga kutasva kwevanhu pamwedzi - 1969. Kunyanya mumakore gumi, vaAstronaut vokuAmerica vakazarura mitsva miviri yekufambira mberi kwehupenyu. Kutenda kune dzimwe tsvakurudzo dzakazara, chokwadi chinonakidza pamusoro pokuberekwa nekugadzirwa kweSatellite zvakawanikwa. Izvi, zvakare, zvakaita kuti zvikwanise kuchinja maonero ezvakabva kwePasi pachake.

American Expedition

Chikwata cheApollo 11 chakatanga kumhanya musi waJuly 16. Vashandi vacho vaive nevatatu vendudzi. Chinangwa chekufambisa ndicho chaiva kutanga kwekuuya kwemunhu pamwedzi. Pamberi peSatellite, ngarava yacho yakamhanya kwemazuva mana. Uye musi waJuly 20, mutumbi wacho akagara paGungwa reKunyarara. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwedunhu boka rakagara kwenguva yakati: maawa makumi maviri. Kuvapo kwevanhu pamusoro pemvura kwakapedza maawa maviri nemaminitsi makumi matatu. Musi waJuly 24, vashandi vakadzokera kuPasi, kwaakachengetwa muchivande kwemazuva mazhinji: vaAstronaut havana kuwana lunar microorganisms.

Yekutanga pavhu rakaiswa netsoka Neil Armstrong (mutungamiri wechikepe), mushure memaminiti mashomanana Edwin Aldrin (mutyairi). Michael Collins (mumwe mutyairi) akanga achimirira vaaishanda naye mumutambo. Imwe mureza weAmerica uye zvesayenzi zvakagadzirwa nevafudzi. Saka, kugadzirisa chipiri chega, kutanga kwekutanga kwevanhu paMwedzi kwakaitwa. Zuva rekubudiswa zvinowanikwa zviri mubhuku rino uye mumabhuku ezvinyorwa zvenyika yose: izvi zvinozivikanwa kune wese wese musi waJune 21, 1969.

Neil Armstrong

Kune nyaya yekukunda kwemwedzi yakanga yakakwana, zvinokosha kuti uzvizive nemashoko mashoma ezvinyorwa zvevatsvakurudzi vekutanga. Tanga nemunhu mukuru we nyaya iyi - Neil Armstrong. Akanga ane mhuri yakanaka kwazvo: vabereki vane rudo, hanzvadzi nehanzvadzi. Baba vangu vakashanda semabhuku ezvinyorwa: mhuri dzose dzaifamba naye kuburikidza nemaguta ehurumende. Chete muPakakonet (Ohio) vakagara kwenguva yakareba. Mukomana uyu akadzidza zvakakwana, akanga ari mukomana mucheche wepamusoro.

Basa rokutanga reAarmstrong - muedzo wekuongorora we Air Air, akabatanidzwa muhondo neKorea. Muna 1958 vakanyoreswa mubato revatyairi vengarava. Sezvo mutungamiri, akaita rwendo rwake rwokutanga muchikepe Gemini-8 muna 1966. Zvinyorwa mune kunze, kunze kwekugara pamwedzi, hazvina. Muna 1970, akashanya kuRussia senhengo yeNASA. Kubva muna 1971 kusvikira muna 1979 akashanda semudzidzisi. Akafa mushure mekupera kwebasa re shunt muna 2012.

Edwin Aldrin

Iko kune yeScottish desccent. Baba vake vaishanda muUnited States Army muhofisi yehurumende. Mwanakomana wacho akatevera nhanho dzake uye, paakaramba dzidzo yepamusoro, akapinda muMilitary Academy. Imwe hanzvadzi yechidiki yakapa Edwin zita rezita reBuzzz, sezvo asina kutaura shoko rokuti "hama" zvachose.

Aldrin akapedza chikamu cheretaire uye akatumirwa kuHondo yeKorea. Pano akaendesa ndege yehondo. Paakadzoka kubva mberi akashanda semubatsiri kuMudhi weMweya Force Academy, ndokuzoendeswa kuCentral for Space Flight.

Muna 1988 (semutyairi) yakatumirwa kunhandare yepedyo-orbital kune "Jenimi-12". Muchifambiso ichi, Aldrin akaita denga rake rokutanga. Sechikamu cheboka, "Apollo 11" yakabhururuka neinoti mwedzi mission. Pamusoro penzira dzakatenderera mberi mushure maminitsi makumi maviri mushure memutungamiri uye achiita nhoroondo yekuongorora. Muna 1971, basa rake neNASA rakaguma.

"Astronaut mukurasira" ... Izvi zvakashamisa kwazvo kuna Edwin. Zvimwe zvisingabvumirwi zvinyorwa zvinoreva kuti Aldrin akavimbiswa kushanya kwechipiri kune satellite. Asi akaramba ari "wechipiri" murume pamwedzi. Ichi chiitiko chakashata chakakonzera psyche yeaimbova astronaut, semugumisiro waakatanga kunwa uye akawira mukuora mwoyo. Kubvira muna1970, akatanga kuedza semunyori. Iye ndiye munyori wemabhuku akawanda pamusoro pekuongorora nzvimbo uye pakukunda kwemwedzi.

Michael Collins

Chimwe chimiro chinokosha che "lunar" nhoroondo. Hondo yokutanga ine spacewalk yakagadzirwa naMichael muna 1966 paareka "Dremini-10". Munguva yechipiri yekufambisa, akanga achimirira vagadziri mumutambo wemirairo. Iyo astronaut akanga ane urongwa: kana zvikasakundikana, enda pasi uye unyore chiitiko chacho. Mukuwedzera, akafanirwa kubatsira vashandi kana vakazviwana vaine hanya. Asi basa rake guru rakaratidza nenzira iyi: pasinei nemamiriro ezvinhu, kudzorera chikepe kuNyika. Zita raMichael Collins anonzi gumbo reMwedzi kubva pachiedza.

Kugumisa zvidzidzo

Zvinotendwa kuti kuendesa kunotaneti uye kushandiswa kwaro kushanda ikozvino kwamira, asi izvi hazvisi izvo. Mushure mechitsauko chechiitiko cheArmstrong, mumwe Aporo akaburukira kuMwedzi. Hasi kufamba kwose kwakabudirira, asi chaizvoizvo kunobatsira scientists uye teknolojia. Rumor rine icho iye zvino pamwedzi "vagari" vatorwa. Kudzoka muna 1972 muSouth Session session yakange iine mushumo pamusoro pekupindira mune zvikamu zvepakati zvemasimba asina simba akangwara. Kusvikira ikozvino, zvigadzirwa zvemifananidzo zvinononoka mukati mechirongwa nguva nenguva, apo magetsi asingazivikanwi anogadziriswa pane rima reMwedzi.

Asi kwete vatorwa vanodzivirira vanhu kuti vasaongorora muviri wekudenga. Icho chinonyanya kushandiswa pakugadziriswa kwezvikepe kune mwedzi ndechokushaya mari. Kubudirira kwe cosmonautics mumakore makumi manomwe emakore ekupedzisira kwakakonzerwa nekukwikwidzana neUSSR. Mushure mekukunda kumwe kubva kuAmerica, mari inotengeswa mukuvandudzwa kwenhanho yakawira zvakanyanya. Kutanga kwokutanga kwevanhu paMwedzi, zuva raizova kutanga kwe "nguva" itsva, yakava mugumo waro: zvirokwazvo, vanhu vakarasikirwa nechido chokukundisa muviri uyu wekudenga. Basa rake pakuvhara ndege racho rakadhehwa nenhepfenyuro yekuti Armstrong neboka rake vakanga vasati vambove pamwedzi uye izvi zvose zvakanyanyisa zvichishandiswa nounyanzvi.

"Mwedzi" kurangana

Pane dzidziso yokuti panguva ye "mutambo" neU.SR, zvinyorwa zvose pamusoro pokuuya zvakasimbiswa nehurumende yeUnited States. Kutanga kwezvakavhiringidza ibhuku reAmerica B. Casing, rinotsanangura izvi zvichiita. Kunyangwe mushure mekutsvakurudza kwakazove pachena kuti basa racho raive rekuita kwekuzvarwa kwekumhanya kwenhema munyika.

Pane humwe humwe uchapupu huripo pakutsigira pfungwa yokuti kuuya munhu wekutanga pamwedzi ndiko kutadza :

• Ongororo yakaitwa muna 1976 nenhamba dzevagari vemuAmerica.
• Vhidhiyo yemabasa ekurovedzwa kwevegadziri pasi pano pasi, iyo inofanirwa kufanana nevhidhiyo yakatorwa pane satellite.
• Kuongorora kwemazuva ano kwechifananidzo kuburikidza nemufananidzo wemufananidzo, izvo zvakaratidza zvisakarurama zvakajeka zvikamu.
• Mureza weUnited States pachako. Mamwe masayendisiti akatanga kutaura pfungwa yokuti mhuka haigone kukura pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu emwedzi nemhaka yekusavapo kwemhepo.
• Hakuchina nyeredzi mumifananidzo kubva kuMwedzi.
• Edwin Aldrin akaramba kupika pamusoro peBhaibheri kuti akauya kumusoro wemuviri wekudenga.

Pamusoro pemhosva dzose, vatsigiri vekuenda kunowanikwa tsanangudzo dzechisikirwo. Semuenzaniso, iyo retouching yakashandiswa mumifananidzo yekuvandudza unhu hwekudhindwa, uye kuputika pamubhedha hakusi kubva kumhepo, asi kubva pane zvaiitwa neastronaut (damp oscillation), iyo inoisa mureza. Nyaya yepakutanga haina kuchengetedzwa, saka iyo yekutanga danho reState satellite icharamba iri nguva inopesana.

MuRussia pakanga pane chiitiko chisingafadzi mugore rekuuya kwevanhu vokutanga pamwedzi. Hurumende yeU.SR haina kumboona zvakakosha kuisa vagari vemunyika muno kuziva nezvechiitiko cheAmerica. Kunyange zvazvo mumiriri weRussia akakokwa, haana kuenda pakusunungurwa kweApollo 11. Chikonzero chacho chakanzi bhizinesi rake rebhizimisi pane zvinokosha zvehurumende.