Hondo yeNeva igumo rinobwinya renhoroondo

Prince Alexander Yaroslavovich akararama kwenguva pfupi (1220 -1263 gg.), Asi hupenyu hunopenya. Panguva yekutonga kwake, akaitisa zvishoma nemauto gumi nemauto uye hondo, kusanganisira Hondo yeNeva neHondo yeCha. Aifanira kurwisana nemaJermans, Swedes uye Lithuanians. Uye muhondo idzi dzose mutungamiri akabudirira kubudirira. Uye pamusoro pezvose aifanira kurwisana kwenguva iyo paakanga ari muchinda weNovgorod. Uyu ndiwo makore 1236 - 1252. Nguva dzaive dzakaoma panguva iyo, uye Alexander akakwanisa kuratidza tarenda rake semukuru wemauto akazara.

Uye mugore ra1237 - 1241 muRussia rakaunza dambudziko guru remasoja, iro raibatanidzwa nekupinda kweTatar-Mongols. Nyika dzakawanda dzeRussia dzakaparadzwa nemadzinza aya, uye kubva kumadokero miganhu yeRussia yakatyisidzirwa neLibonians. Uye vaSweden, vachiona izvi, pakutanga kwegore raJuly 1240 vakatanga mauto avo emaodzanyemba-kumavirira kweRussia. Zvirongwa zvevavengi zvakange zvakanyanya kuda. Vakaronga kubata, kana kwete vose, zvimwe chikamu chakakosha pane dzimwe nyika yeN Novgorod. Nenzira iyi vaizovhara rusununguko rweRussia kuGungwa reBaltic, uyewo kune nyika dzeFinnish uye dzeKarelian. Ndiko kuti, nzira dzokutengeserana dzekuMadokero kwevaRussia dzingadai dzakaparadzwa.

Uchenjeri mumazuva iwayo, zvakare, hwakashanda zvakanaka. Uye pakarepo vaSweden vakaswedera pamuromo weNeva, mukuru weNovgorod akaudzwa pamusoro peizvi. Alexander Nevsky akaita izvi pangozi pakarepo. Akakwanisa kuunganidza hondo mukati mezuva rimwe. VaSweden panguva ino vakakwanisa kusvika kumuromo weRwizi Yora uye vakadzika musasa ipapo. Uye mukuru wechidiki wemakore makumi maviri nemakumi maviri, sezviri pachena, akanga asina kukurumidza. Akanga asingadi kuti veSweden vasvike kuLadoga uye kuparadza nzvimbo dzakapoteredza neNeva.

Uye musi waJuly 15, 1240 mauto eAlexander Nevsky akangoerekana asvika kumusasa wevaSweden, uye hondo yeNeva yakakurumbira yakatanga. Muhondo iyi vaNogorodians vakaratidza ushingi, kutsungirira uye kushinga kwakasimba. Vakatora kurwisana mumaoko avo kubva pakutanga kwehondo. VaSweden vairwisana nehasha. Izvi zvaive zvakakonzerwa nekuti muchokwadi vakanga vasina nzvimbo yekuenda nayo. Paiva nemvura shure kwavo, uye dai vakanga vatiza kune zvikepe vachitya, vangadai vakaparadzwa zvachose.

Hondo yeNeva muna 1240 yakagadzirwa maererano nemitemo inobvumirana yakagamuchirwa muMiddle Ages. Kazhinji mumakwikwi akadaro aibatanidza zvikwata, izvo zvakavakwa mumasangano ehondo akavakirwa. Izvi zvikamu pasi pemurairo we voivode yavo inotarisana nemuvengi muhondo. Uye kana kurwisa kwekutanga kusina kubudirira kubudirira, ipapo vakaputsa uye vakadzoka zvakare. Uye matambudziko akadaro akadzokororwa nguva nenguva. Iro rudzi urwu rwehondo runokwanisika chete apo masuniti akachengetedza kurwisana kwehondo munguva yekurwisa uye kudzokera uye nguva dzose anoteerera kutonga.

Maererano nezvakanyorwa kare, boka reAlexandro Nevsky rakapatsanurwa rikava mauto mashanu. Mune mitsva iyi, mazita evamwe vatungamiriri akachengetedzwa. Semuenzaniso, mbiri mbiri dzinonzi Novgoroders dzinotaurwa: Sbyslav Yakunovich naGavrila Oleksich. Hapana mubvunzo kuti vakatungamirira mapoka akaparadzana. Hondo yeSweden yakanga yakaparadzaniswa ikaita majekiti. Mumusasa wakadaro mutungamiri wakanaka wakarayira masoja akajeka.

Hondo yeNeva, sezvakanga iri tsika panguva iyoyo, yakatanga nekurwisa kwevatasvi vemabhiza vakanga vakapfeka mapfumo. Uye pakatanga kurwisana, maNogorodians akakonzera kukanganisa kukuru kune veSweden. Mune zvinyorwa zvinotaurwa nezvevarwi, avo nenzira inokosha vanozviparadzanisa ivo muhondo iyi. Vakarwa neushingi hwakakosha, vachibatanidza kurwisana kamwe chete nemuvengi kunze kwekuita. Munguva yehondo, varume ava vakashinga vakashandisa nharo dzehondo. Paiva nevarume vatanhatu vakashinga panguva iyi yehondo. Vanozvicheka pakati pevarwi veSweden, vasvika patende remukuru weuto ndokubvisa shongwe yake. Uye kuwa kwetende remutungamiriri weuto kwakaodza varwi veSweden. Uyewo, varume ava vakashinga vakakwanisa kupfuurira kusvika kune vavengi vavengi uye kuparadza zvitatu zvavo.

Uye izvi zvinoratidza kuti mitsara yevaSweden munguva yeelee yakanga yakabvaruka uye inogumbura. Uye varwi vavo havana kurwisana pamwe chete, asi voga. Icho chinotarisa kuti chikwata chevatambi, kubva paIhondo yeNeva chakatanga, chakagara chagadzirisa mugumisiro wehondo yose. Kubvira pakutanga, Novgorodians akawana hukuru hwakatungamirira kukunda. Uyezve, dzimwe nyanzvi dzakaitika dzinofunga kuti chikonzero chekukunda uku ndechekubudirira kweRussia kumashure kune veSweden nekuvadzora kubva kune zvikepe. Asi chero chikonzero chacho, Alexander Nevsky akakwanisa kuita chinhu chikuru: vaSweden vakakundwa. Vakabva muhondo ndokubva vatiza. Uye Rus yakaramba iine rusununguko rwekusununguka kuBaltic.