Alexander 1: pfupi biography uye tsanangudzo yehurumende

Alexander Pavlovich Romanov akaberekwa musi waDecember 12, 1777 muSt. Petersburg. Akanga ari muzukuru waChristine wechipiri uye mwanakomana wedangwe wekugara nhaka pachigaro chaPauro. Uye nababa vemucheche vaiva neukama hwakaoma, saka akarererwa nekorona korona.

Wadyi wenhaka

Panguva iyoyo, pfungwa dzekuvhenekera uye hukama hwevanhu dzaive dzakakurumbira. Maererano navo, uye akaunza Alexander 1. Bhuku rakarefu remangwana ramambo rine zvidzidzo zvinobva mubasa raRousseau. Panguva imwe chete, baba vangu vakadzidzisa mwana kuita basa rehondo.

Muna 1793, jaya racho rakaroorwa nemudzvinyiriri weGermany, uyo akawana zita rokuti Elizabeth Alekseevna paakabhabhatidzwa. Ipapo akashanda mumauto eGatchina, ayo akasika naPauro. Nekufa kwaCatherine, baba vakazova mambo, uye Alexander - mugari wenhaka yake. Kuti iye ave akajaira nyaya dzehurumende, Alexander akaitwa seneti muSeneti.

Aleksandro 1, ane biography shomanana yakazara nemafungiro ekujekesa, akanga asina kure nababa vake nemaonero ake. Pauro aiwanzokakavadzana nemwanakomana wake uye akatomumanikidza kuti apike kutendeka kakawanda. Mambo akanga achitya zvoupenzi zvaive zvakapararira muzana remakore gumi nemasere.

Musi waMarch 12, 1801, imba yepamambo yakagadzirirwa muSt. Petersburg . Mukati raiva boka revakuru. Kusvikira ikozvino, vatsvakurudzi vari kukakavadzana kana Alexander aiziva nezvezvirongwa zvevarangana. Chero zvakadaro, asi zvinonyatsozivikanwa kuti apo Pauro akaurawa, izvi zvakaudzwa kune mugari wenhaka. Saka akava mambo weRussia.

Kuchinja

Makore ekutanga ehurumende yeAlexandro 1 mutemo wakanga uine chinangwa chekuchinja kwemukati kwenyika. Iro danho rekutanga raiva ruregerero rukuru. Akasunungura vazhinji vakaregerera uye vakaurayiwa panguva yekutonga kwaPauro. Pakati pavo paive naAlexander Radishchev, uyo akarasikirwa nechinangwa chake chekudhinda nyaya ino "Rwendo rweSt. Petersburg kuenda kuMoscow."

Gare gare, Alexander akatsigira maonero evakadhi vairemekedzwa-muzvombo, avo vakaumba komiti isina kukodzera. Pakati pavo maiva nevechidiki hwemambo - Pavel Stroganov, Victor Kochubey, Adam Czartoryski, nezvimwewo.

Kuchinja kwakagadziriswa kutyisa serfidhi. Muna 1803, mutemo wakabudiswa kune varimi vasina zviyo, maererano nevatapi venyika vaizogona kusunungura varimi vavo pamwechete nenyika. Vakuru vehurumende yeRussia havana kubvumira Alexander kuti atore matanho akawanda. Vakuru vakakwanisa kupikisa kuchinja. Asi mutongi akabudirira kurambidzwa serfdom muBaltics, uko chirongwa cheRussia chakanga chiri mutorwa.

Kuchinja kweAlexandro 1 kwakabatsirawo mukusimudzirwa kwedzidzo. Kuwedzerwa mari yakagamuchira Moscow State University. Uyezve, Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum yakavhurwa (jaya Alexander Pushkin akadzidza ikoko).

Zvirongwa zveSperansky

Mumwe mubatsiri wepedyo kumambo aiva Mikhail Speransky. Akagadzirira kushandiswa kwehufundisi, iyo yakagamuchirwa naAlexandro 1. Bhuku shomanana remutongi rakagamuchirwa imwe nzira inobudirira. Ihurumende idzva dzakatsiva dzidzo dzisina kukodzera dzePeter.

Muna 1809, kunyora kwakagadzirirwa kuparadzaniswa kwemasimba munyika. Zvisinei, Alexander haana kutarisira kupa pfungwa iyi upenyu. Akanga achitya kugunun'una kwearistocracy uye hupenyu hutsva hutsva. Nokudaro Speransky akazopedzisira apinda mumumvuri uye akatumirwa kuenda kumusha. Chimwe chikonzero nei kuchinja kwakapedzwa kwakave hondo yeNapoleon.

Foreign Policy

Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18, France yakatarisana neHuru Revolution. Icho chirevo chechihedheni chakaparadzwa. Pane kudaro, kutanga kwakange kune republic, uye ipapo iyo-murume-bhodhi wekambani inobudirira Napoleon Bonaparte. UFrance sehutsotsi hwekuvandudza mafungiro yakave iyo inopikisana nemhedheni yakakwana yeEurope. Vose Catherine naPaul vakarwa neParis.

Emperor Alexander 1 akabatanidza ne-anti-French coalition. Zvisinei, kukundwa kwaAusterlitz muna 1805 kwakatungamirira kukuti Russia yaiva pamucheto wekukundwa. Zvadaro mutemo weAlexandro 1 wakashandurwa: akasangana naBonaparte ndokusayina naye Tilsit rugare, iyo yakatanga kusatsigira zvematongerwe enyika, uye Russia yakanga ine mukana wokubatana neFinland neMoldova, iyo yakaitwa. Yaiva munharaunda itsva yekuchamhembe iyo mambo akashandisa kubudirira kwake kubudirira.

Finland yakabatanidzwa mufananidzo weGreat Duchy nekudya kwayo uye kodzero dzevanhu. Uye mune ramangwana iyi purovhinzi yakave yakasununguka muhurumende yose munguva yezana remakore rechi19.

Zvisinei, muna 1812 Napoleon akasarudza kurwisa Russia. Nokudaro yakatanga Hondo yePatriotic, inozivikanwa navose neTolstoy War neRugare. Mushure meHondo yeBorodino, vaFrance vakatumirwa kuMoscow, asi izvi zvaive kubudirira kwaBonaparte munguva pfupi. Akasara asina mari, akatiza Russia.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Alexander 1, ane biography shomanana yakazara nezviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana, akatungamirira hondo mune imwe nyika. Akakunda kupinda muParis akazova hero kune yose yeEurope. Uku kukunda kwakatungamirira nhume yeRussia kuCongress of Vienna. Panguva yechiitiko ichi, kuguma kwekondinendi yakagadziriswa. Nechisarudzo chake, Poland yakazobatanidzwa kuRussia. Akapiwa iye purogiramu yake, iyo Alexandre haana kumboedza kutaura munyika yose.

Makore apfuura

Makore ekupedzisira ekutonga kwevanhu vanodzvinyirira vakaonekwa nekuparara kwekuvandudzwa. Mambo wacho akatakurwa nechishamiso uye akawirwa zvakanyanya. Akafa muna 1825 muTaganrog. Akanga asina vana. Iyo dynastic dambudziko yakava chikonzero cheDecembrist kumukira. Somugumisiro, munun'una muduku waAlexandro Nikolay akauya pabasa, izvo zvakava chiratidzo chekuita uye kuchengetedza.