Alexander Radishchev - munyori, nyanduri: Biography, okugadzira zvinhu

Alexander Radishchev akararama upenyu pfupi - akaberekwa muna 1749 (August 31), uye akafa muna 1802 (September 12). Aiva mwana wokutanga anokudzwa mumhuri mupfumi - sekuru vake Athanasius Prokopievich hombe muridzi womunda.

kufara pauduku

Makore Ouduku vaiva kuchamuka yababa vake Nemtsov musha chokuita Borovsky County Kaluga province. Mhuri yaiva pedyo nepedyo, vabereki - vanhu vakadzidza. Baba, anotaura mitauro yakawanda, kusanganisira Latin, akanga achiparidza nemwanakomana wake. Mukomana aiva kufarira waamai vake. Sezvaanobviswa yakavhurwa vaine mhuri, akadzidziswa kumba - vana vakadzidza mutauro Russian mabhuku minamato - Psalter uye Bhuku Hours, kudzidza mitauro yokumwe, zvikurukuru French, vaiva vadzidzisi vakokwa. Little Alexander hakusi rombo - iri achinyepera mudzidzisi mutauro French kwavari ashanda masoja anotiza.

Zvinokosha dzidzo yakanaka

Muna 1955 akazarura Moscow University, uye Alexander Radishchev akatuma kuMoscow, kusvikira chizvarwa sekuru Mr. Argamakovu mai ane hanzvadzi kubatikana apo pambiru Director (1955 -1957 years). Zvino akavapa kodzero vana Argomakovyh uye Sasha Radishchev pamba kuwana ruzivo achitungamirirwa mapurofesa uye vadzidzisi jimunasiyamu payunivhesiti. Pazera 13 Aleksandr Radischev akapiwa kune mapeji ari pamukwidzwa choumambo muna 1762, Catherine II, uye akatuma zvimwe kudzidziswa muna Corps pakati Pages - panguva iyoyo rokudzidzisa sangano zvikuru nomukurumbira pakati Russian Empire, apo akadzidza kubva 1762 kusvika makore 1766.

makore university

Akanga akapfuma, akabva mhuri yekare vanokudzwa, uye Chikurukuru, aiva mudzidzi akanaka uye aishingaira kwazvo. Naizvozvo, apo Catherine akasarudza shoko kose boka duku nevanokudzwa vanhu 12, uyo pakati aiva 6 mapeji, mumwe wokutanga pachikwata raiva Alexander Radishchev. In Leipzig, akaenda kudzidza kodzero pamutemo. Zvisinei, kunze fanira nesayenzi uye zvakadzama kudzidza mitauro vadzidzi vaibvumirwa kusangana uye anowedzera nezvimwe sayenzi. A. N. Radischev mamwe makirasi vakasarudza mushonga uye kemisitiri, iyo, sezvo vari mutauro, abudirira chaizvo. Makore mashanu kupedzerwa Leipzig, vakazadzwa kudzidza, uye nokudaro A. N. Radischev akava mumwe wevarume vakadzidza zvikuru nguva yake, uye kwete chete muna Russia. Ikoko, kumwe, akatanga kunyora. A pfungwa mumakore zvechigarire zvakaita ushamwari Ushakov, uyo aiva kurei, akachenjera uye vakadzidza zvikuru Alexander uye rufu nezvimwe. Achiyeukwa Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich akanyora chimedu kuti vanonzi "Upenyu Fedora Vasilevicha Ushakova."

Makore hwake muRussia vadzoka

On paakadzokera muna 1771 A. N. Radischev neshamwari yake Mikhail Kutuzov akapinda basa muSt Petersburg Seneti, apo havana vakashanda kwenguva refu nokuda kwezvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Kubva mhiri Radishchev akadzoka freethinker. Muna 1773 akapinda chipangamazano yepamutemo kumuzinda Finnish kupesana, iri Saint Petersburg, apo iye pamudyandigere muna 1775. Yaiva nguva Pugachev kupandukira uye ayo kudzvinyirira. Mumakore aya, Radischev Aleksandr Nikolaevich akaita shanduro dzakawanda, kusanganisira "Reflections munhoroondo yechiGiriki," Bonnot of Mably. It radishchev Zvishoma nezvishoma ava mumwe kupfuura vakazvitsaurira uye mberi vanhu funga huru zvakaipa Russian autocracy uye serfdom. Pashure mudyandigere A. N. Radischev akaroora hanzvadzi shamwari naye akadzidza muLeipzig. Muna 1777 akapinda St. Petersburg Tsika, kwaaishanda kusvikira 1790 uye dosluzhivaetsya kusvikira pambiru dzaro wokuimba. Ikoko akaita shamwari Count A. R. Vorontsovym, ndiani kutsigira Russia muzivi uye anofunga kunyange nhapwa kuSiberia.

The chikuru chigadzirwa upenyu

Kunyange 1771, takaona chiedza ndima huru basa, rakanyorwa naAlexander Radishchev rokutanga. "Rwendo kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow" mumwe zvitsauko dzakabudiswa muna St. Petersburg "Painter" magazini. Mune 80-90s zviri XVIII remakore muEurope maiva kugomo guru evanhu kukurudzira, chimurenga, kutanga muUnited States, ipapo muFrance vakatevera mumwe pashure perimwe. Kushandisa zvakanaka okunze kuti kusimudzira pfungwa rusununguko, Radishchev inotanga paimba pakudhinda kumba (pari Marata Street), uye muna May 1790 inoratidza 650 makopi ebhuku. "Tsamba Neshamwari" Kare, imwe nzira rakabudiswa. Ndiani asina kujairana nemashoko okuti "Hongu, chinhu mupanduki kupfuura Pugachev!" Hwakataurwa Catherine II pashure pokuverenga chidimbu ichi. Somugumisiro payo, A. N. Radischev mujeri muna Petro Paul Fortress, uye akatongerwa rufu. Ipapo "nyasha" Empress kwakatsiva wayo-gore 10 nhapwa kuSiberia, pamwe yezve ane zita kwamachinda, zvose mirairo, uye mamiriro achibuda.

The Book of Taurira-ngano

Books kunyadziswa munyori aparadzwe. Asi makopi rakapa Radishchev, vakakurumidza kutengeswa kunze, saka makopi akawanda akanga aita navo kuti kubvumira A. S. Pushkinu huchiti chokwadi: "! Radishchev - muvengi rouranda - vakapukunyuka kusenza". Uye pamwe, mudetembi mukuru Russian aireva ndechokuti aongororwe, wakatarira kuburikidza nebhuku, ndakasarudza kuti ichi anoperekedza muguta, sezvo rinoti misha yaiva munzira. Kunyange dzakararama 70 mazita akadai. Ipapo A. S. Suvorinym muna 1888 mvumo kubudisa maBhaibheri 100 ebhuku rino, inonzi chete connoisseurs uye vanoda mabhuku Russian. Chii saka dzinoronga bhuku vakambovhenekerwa Empress? The nganonyorwa rinotsanangura kutyisa serfdom, ane upenyu vanhuwo zvavo kusimba zvakaoma, mukuwedzera, bhuku rine zvakananga kwokupa mhosva tsarism. zvakanyorwa zvakanaka, vazere witty caustic mashoko, uye haasiyi munhu hanya. Raisanganisira "Liberty" uye "Shoko pamusoro Lomonosov". Hongu, uye haana kusvikira autocracy ichi exposures akadaro.

kuchinja swinger

Radishchev, vane mabasa, nhetembo, akadhindwa kwouzivi odes, kusanganisira "Liberty", kubvira ipapo vakapisa uye pasi mapepa zvigayo, vagere Ilim mujeri. Asi pano iye paakatumwa Count Vorontsov akadzidza upenyu zvemo vagere kweSiberia, kuti dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana dziri kuchamhembe kumatunhu eumambo nyika uye mukana kutengesa pamwe China. Akanga pano, kunyange zvake vafare. Mujeri makanyorwa yakawanda anoshamisa, uye kuti iye (uye akanga afirwa) akauya maiguru vake, kuti changu kusurukirwa kwake nhapwa. Ndiani akakwira chigaro Paul I, uyo aivenga mai vake, ndakadzokera yanyadziswa muzivi asi pasina kodzero anongoerekana kubva mhuri dendere kuna Nemtsov. Alexander I kwete chete akapa A. N. Radischevu rusununguko rwakakwana, asiwo akamukoka kuti kubasa drafting kwemitemo kuna Commission.

Suicide kana kanyanyisa inattention

Link haana kuchinja emunyori maonero uye vachitora chikamu mune drafting kwemitemo, Alexander Radishchev, Biography izere run-dzi nemasimba kuti ave, haana kunyorwa "worupo ulozhenija chirongwa." It akaratidza pfungwa wakaenzana zvose pamberi mutemo, pamusoro kudiwa rusununguko rwokutaura uye wokudhinda, uye vamwe "vakasununguka pfungwa" kuti saka akatsamwisa President of Commission Count P. V. Zavadskogo kuti pangozi munyori werimwe nhapwa kuSiberia. Kana kutsiura kwakanga kutuka, kana tsinga anofunga pakupedzisira aisa, uye utano akanga zvikuru wogadzirisa, kana chimwe chinhu chinotyisa kwazvo akamborara vari nhapwa, asi A. N. Radischev akauya kumba, akanga muchetura nekutora muchetura. Very kusuruvara nyaya. Zvisinei, pane imwe shanduro inoratidza Nhare munhu mukuru nguva yake, mweya - akanga asiri kuenda kuzviuraya, uye nokusaziva vakanwa kudzikama akamira pamberi Girazi vodka,. Zvino raiva "aqua regia" zvinouraya vanhu, yakabikwa uye akasiyiwa mwanakomana mukuru munyori kuti kudzorerwa tsaru epaulettes. Very kusuruvara nyaya.

A akanaka uye mukuru murume

Mabasa ayo, A. N. Radischev ainetseka dzacho uye dzidzo. Iye anonzi muvambi wokuRussia echimurenga nezvetsika uye aesthetics, uyewo pedagogy. Pamwe tsvakurudzo chakakomba, akadhindwa kwouzivi kutyisidzira ndiine tsarism uye serfdom Radishchev, vane nhetembo vazere rudo vanhu uye hunhu, uye akanyora nziyo vana, akanga kusetsa nhetembo, namano, yakaitwa mitambo yakasiyana-siyana uye makwikwi.

Kureva, murume aida upenyu, asi aida kuti kururamisira vanhu vose kuti haana unhu serfdom chomunhu Russia. Excellent nyaya iri A. N. Radischeve akanyora A. S. Pushkin.