Zvimwe tsanangudzo "munhu akangwara"

Pakutsvaka mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti ndiani akangwara munhu asina kuita Basilius Lokhankin, yakakurumbira gamba iri yokufungidzira, akasika munhu Duet Classics Soviet. Munguva yokufungidzira, anoti haana kumbobvira kumbobvira akashumira, nekuti basa angadai akaita izvozvo zvakamuomera muitiro achifunga chii Chinangwa wokuRussia intelligentsia wechokwadi. stratum ichi munzanga usiku "Gourmet" - mumwe kukuchidzira vamwe vanhu borscht uye meatballs - rinoshanda pachake.

Zvinorevei kuva akachenjera murume? Ose nguva mumagariro kukura akagadzira yayo tsanangudzo pfungwa iyi. Russian musayendisiti Mutsindo uye akangwara munhu Likhachev Dmitry Sergeyevich, mutsamba yake, rakabudiswa muna 1993 mu "Shanduro yeNyika Itsva", akanyora kuti njere anofanira kuva rusununguko zvedzidzo sezvo kumboenda tsika Mapato, zvakawanda chete nehana dzavo uye pfungwa.

Kana kutarira nhoroondo, ipapo nekuda yechipiri yezana XIX remakore, murume akachenjera - uri nyore raznochinets kuti akadzidziswa uye aida ikabuda vanhu bedzi nemano avo saka nenyota sainzi, ruzivo. ayo chaizvo kwakatangira kwaireva kwokuzvikudza, vose munzanga kusaruramisira uye kuti vanhu vakaderera. Vamiririri intelligentsia vaiva mwana akangwara saka chifananidzo 1860 - Pisarev, Chernyshevsky uye Dobrolyubov.

Kuwedzera "raznochinskogo", panguva imwe chete paiva munhu akangwara, "Chekhov kuti" mhando, uyo akatsvaka kumakwai vavakezve mutsika, kwete enyika. Vamiririri boka iri ndakasika mabasa ounyanzvi, kudzvara anonzwisisa uye nomutsa, akazarura zvikoro nezvipatara varombo, akadzidzisa murimi mudiki vana. Unoshamisa tsamba iyi mhando inowanikwa chimiro gamba iri nomukurumbira mabasa Flaubert - akachenjera Dr. Lariviere, vakazvidza pemisara uye kusimukira norupo uye mutsa kune varwere murombo. Izvi nezvimwe zvakadaro mifananidzo aratidze dzinza chimiro ichi mhando zvedzidzo, zvishoma pakubvisa kazhinji raireva Russian chindingindingi.

Pamberi chimurenga, munyori Leonidom Andreevym - shamwari Maksima Gorkogo - akapiwa tsanangudzo akangwara munhu yakadaro, vasingagoni kutsungirira Kunyadziswa "masimba kuva" aiva nehana chakasimba ane inoremadza, uye pasinei akadhakwa akanga achiri dzetsika uye tsika.

Akangwara munhu ane pamusoro akagadzirwa unhu kurarama kumbova nyore. Asi pashure Kuziviswa Soviet hurumende yacho proletarian udzvinyiriri aifanira kuita kuti vapone. By tsanangudzo, munhu akakurumbira mutungamiri Soviet Lunacharsky kuziva pacharwo nevakangwara wechokwadi, zvinoda matatu madhigirii yunivhesiti: wokutanga - sekuru vake, wechipiri - baba vake, wechitatu - yake. Zvisinei, kuvapo mumhuri magwaro matatu dzidzo hakurevi chinhu - kwete dzakabudirira nenjere, kana Kuwanikwa nechitarisiko uye munyika tsika. Akati kuziva untenable nokuti chikonzero, hazvingaiti kuti pashure echimurenga vaiurayiwa, kuenda kumwe Mafungu udzvanyiriri, anobatanidza uye Gulag muna Soviet Russia yakanga kunyange avo mhuri akadzidza pamutemo. Asi nzvimbo iyi chinhu kwenguva pfupi nguva intelligentsia Soviet akanga achangobva vakagadzwa munhu asiri mumabhizimisi mumuviri uye mupfungwa basa.

Chokwadi, ndakagara kumwewo munyika, munhu akadzidza chaizvo uye cultured vanhu, kwete kubvuma simba uye kutarisira kuti mweya kutobaya manzwiro. prototypes ake dzinowanzoratidzwa inowanikwa mapeji mabasa Fedin, NdiTolstoy, Bulgakov, Zoshchenko, uye vamwe, asi zviri hwaiitwa richakunda Exchange vanhu ava vakatongerwa kutsakatika.

Zvisinei, wamakumi remakore (mu yechipiri ayo hafu) akaratidza nyika vakangwara uye akafanira vamiriri nokurerwa dissident uye zvinoyevedza uye mabhuku bohemian ezvinhu. Vose vakapfuura nzira kusanduka yomudzimu, yakavakirwa yomukati rusununguko uye yakanakisisa mudzimba mimwe mabhuku, nziyo, uye kupenda kwerubwinyo rwakagara rwuripo echimurenga uye Soviet nguva.

Munyaya iyi, tsanangudzo, Chokwadi, havasi dzoga. Tarirai, ari kuongorora muverengi, kushandisa rusununguko wayo uzivi uye kutungamirirwa nokufunga uye nehana.