Leonid Andreev: Biography uye mabasa

nyaya zhinji pamusoro Leonid Andreev kutanga shoko kuti aiva muvambi Russian Expressionism (hwaro ichi Muitiro haisi kumiririrwa chokwadi uye nyika nemunyori yomukati, zvinowanisa). Kunyange zvazvo kazhinji pamwe tsanangudzo iyi wake unyanzvi vomunguva raibva nzira yake uye kutsoropodza realism uye chiNazi realism uye tarenda realism uye zvitendwa chairo.

Kushaikwa nhengo imwe mirayiridzo

Leonid Andreev, iyo inoshandisa dzidziso basa kunotoda zhinji kudaro, dzimwe nguva aigona havatsananguri chavanopinda yavo chero chaiyo chokubuda. A munyori tsamba Bamba Gorky akabvunza ndiani chaizvoizvo, sezvo kune dzakaora iye muiti wechokwadi, uye realists - symbolist. In basa rake, unyanzvi uye yepakutanga munyori aida kuwana kwetunhu, kana kuwiriranisa mirayiridzo maviri kunzwisisa nyika, mupenyu uye nguva dzose kurwa mupfungwa dzake - dzakaora uye ona zvinhu sezvazviri.

Two mumwe

With realism zvakajeka. Uye chii decadence? Shanduro Direct zvinoreva kuderera kana tsika regression. Unyanzvi uye mabhuku - a modernist nhungamiro, iyo inozivikanwa nokuva yokunyanyisa siyana aestheticism, individualism uye amorality kana unzenza. Uye izvi kungoreva chete maviri kunyanyisa vaida synthesize pabasa rake, Leonid Andreev. Zvose izvi raiva chinhu tarenda rake penya chepakutanga, uye prose ake hwobva kucherechedzwa, kunyange zvazvo akanga chipo nyanzvi kunyora pasi munhu - kana pasi Garshina, kana pasi Chekhov uye Dostoevsky, basa iro anoyemurwa. Zvinofanira akawedzera kuti makore okuyaruka uye ipapo kwoupenyu hwake aiverenga Schopenhauer uye Nietzsche, uye nehanya navo sezvo zvavo zvomudzimu zvevapi vamazano.

vabereki

Leonid Andreev akaberekerwa mumhuri chaizvo yakapfuma. Yemadzibaba sekuru aiva mutungamiriri kwamachinda, uye mbuya - nhare. Nyaya ino vakaenda akanaka sekuru. A vanoshingaira yeruramisiro uye kukara doro - kuna baba vake, pachivakwa, taxotere (evaluator), uyo akafa udhakwa aine makore 42. A rudo zvose yakaisvonaka munyori vanosungirwa mai - mumiririri varombo Polish anokudzwa mhuri, iye rudo nomwoyo wose. Saka, muguta Orel mumhuri unonyanya August 21, 1871 akaberekwa yemberi, "yokuRussia intelligentsia sphinx", sezvo yakatumidzwa vepanguva yake.

Artist mudzidzi

ABCs zvaakadzidza nemakore 6 uye wakasara muupenyu hwake ane tsika yokuverenga voraciously. The vemo chikoro Orel akapinda nemakore 11, akadzidza nyaya, asi anoshanda - mukutsinhana kugadzirisa matambudziko - akanyora zvinenge kirasi yose, uye vakanga zvose zvakasiyana mumagadzirirwo. Asi pamusoro chero kunyora Leonid Andreev haana kufunga, nekuti akanga zvachose vakabatikana mufanidzo. Akava nyanzvi rokupenda kubva Orel pasina chikoro uri, asi kukwanisa kuswedera imwe nguva yakanaka kudyisa mhuri yake - akanga akabhadhara 11 rubles kuti mufananidzo. Makore pashure emunyori rufu basa rake akatanga kuratidza dzimwe kuratidzira dzakawanda, pamwe ounyanzvi pamusoro kupenda vatenzi, venguva yake.

Kubva St. Petersburg kuMoscow

Ipapo Leonid Andreev Biography iyo ichava nguva chokuita guta riri Neva River anopinda Metropolitan University weDhipatimendi jurisprudence. Asi nokukurumidza baba vake vakafa, uye mhuri Zvinovhiringidza akamanikana ezvinhu akadaro, izvo kazhinji aitofanira nenzara vose. Sezvingatarisirwa, mumamiriro ezvinhu apo pamapfudzi ake akarara pasi nhamo yakadaro, munyori ramangwana rakanga zvachose apolitical. Abva guru, kwakabva mhuri yakatamira zviyo Moscow, apo Andreev pamwe nguva, ndinofanira kutaura, chaizvo zvinobudirira kudzidza matsamba dhipatimendi paUniversity of Moscow, pamwe kodzero kushanda ari pamutemo basa. The zvakawanda akadzidza kwemakore mashanu.

Amorous uye mupfungwa

Zvakakodzera anoratidza kuti zvinoorora akanaka murume uyu yaigona zvinhu vaiva vakadzi tichidiwa uye aivada kwazvo - aisagona kufungidzira upenyu pasina rudo. Uye sezvinei ndakanga kuzviuraya: hwake hwose akaita matatu kuedza kutiza kubva kuupenyu - kuti achiri muduku uye upenzi mumakore 16 rinopedza pakati njanji (fatalist), ipapo akapfura pachake mumwoyo kuramba musikana kuroorwa naye. Chaizvoizvo, kuedza ichi chechipiri uye zvakatungamirira mwoyo zvikanganiso uye mangwanani rufu.

Kuzivikanwa nyaya yokutanga

Kutanga kwake mabhuku basa munyori Leonid Andreyev chokuita 1898. Ndipo apo "Courier", umo iye akawana kunyora shambadzo refu, inoti nyaya, uye zvimwe zvinyorwa, rakabudiswa nyaya yake yokutanga, "Bargamot uye Garas'ko". On rakajeka, tarenda chepakutanga ndechokuti pakarepo pashure nyaya yokutanga munyori chakaonekwa nevaverengi, vatsoropodzi uye Bamba Gorky, uyo pakarepo akamukoka kupinda muvanhu "Zivo" uzivanewo zvose emunyori nyika. Musi L. N. Andreeve akataura, uye kana muna 1901 akabudisa nyaya yake "Noumwe nguva," akava nomukurumbira, akada, akagamuchira.

The incredible kukurumbira

Leonid Andreev, ane Biography zvino inokosha chokuita chete mabasa kunyora, waiona dzakakurumbira munyori. Paiva nenguva apo akanga achisiya kukurumbira kwete chete Veresaeva uye Bunin, asi Gorky, uye Tangai akanga mhanya. Maererano muzukurukadzi ake, akanga akabhadhara 5 rubles nendarama paminiti mutsetse (mutsetse norwonzi kuRussia, chete chikonzero kumubhadhara). In mumabhuraketi zvinonzi kuti huku ipapo varasikirwe 14 cent. Leonid Andreyev yakaisvonaka mutauro chaiko, kujairika nyaya, prose ake anopamba. Hunoshamisa mabasa "Judhasi Isikarioti", "pfungwa" "Life Vasiliya Fiveyskogo", nyaya "Iye" kuti vakararama achinzi Nyanzvi wokuRussia Gothic - mumwe nomumwe basa rake kutarisira, ndaverengazve, vakakurukura kwose kwose.

An zamu Anti-Soviet

Leonida Andreeva okugadzira zvinhu zviri aisatombowanika kuchizvarwa varipo. Muverengi Soviet haina kuziva kusvikira 60s, uye mhosva «sos» - kukumbira vatungamiriri Western kuponesa Russia kubva Bolsheviks. Izvi hazvigoni kuregererwa. Zvichida munguva pfupi kuti richachinja, nekuti vamwe nyaya munyori uyu kwaisanganisira kuchikoro hweutungamiri. Chiedza, chisingatarisirwi zano dzinokanganisa, zvakanyorwa zvakanaka mutauro wakajeka chigadzirwa goho kuti munyori uyu kupenya kusvikira kumusoro Silver Age mabhuku Russian. Mumwe nomumwe mwana wake saka zvakakwana kuti zvakaoma zita vamwe vavo okusika yepamusoro. Pamwe avo aizova yokufungidzira "Diary Satani", kana zvapera. Vasingafari Satani Andreev, tendererei munwe wake vanhu vava akangwara uye meaner nayo akakodzera tsitsi vaverengi uye tsitsi zvepachokwadi. Zvisinei, "The Mirror yeRussian Revolution" yakadzokorora pamusoro Leonid Andreev zvokumutsvinyira, asi admirers ari munyori uyu haana kutura.

rudzi kuenda kumwe

Kusiyana munhu mubasa rake, LN Andreev muupenyu haana kukwana kuti munhu akaita. Iye chaizvo munzanga dzose. Mudzimai wake wokutanga akanga ari muzukuru kuti Taras Dzhafarova vnuchatnaya - Veligorodskaya Alexander, uyo akafa somugumisiro postpartum fivhiri. mudzimai wechipiri akanga Anna Ilinichna Denisevich, yaiva yake mabhuku munyori wokutanga uye chete. Pashure pokuroora yose mhuri huru yakatamira kumusha kwavo, akatenga kuFinland musha Vammelsu. Makore 1916-1917 Andreev rakaitirwa muSt Petersburg, asi October Revolution akatadza kutora akasimba anobvira mazwi. Akadzokera Finland, izvo nokukurumidza akarega Russia. Author nyaya zvinoshamisa akadai "The nomwe risungirirwe" uye "Red kuseka", sezvo Ilya Repin muna naPenates ake, vakava vatorwa zvizvarwa.

Pavakanga vava kudzokera kumusha

Leonid Andreyev, pfupi Biography riri zvirokwazvo pfupi chaizvo, wakafanana, chokwadi, upenyu ... The munyori akafa pazera 48 kubva mwoyo chirwere. Haana kufa kumba, uye dzimwe shamwari yaMwari F. N. Falkovskogo. Rufu yakaitika September 12, 1919. Akavigwa Marioka. Zvisinei, muna 1956 yakabereka ari reburial kwemiviri pamusoro "Literatorskie jetty" - nharaunda panguva yacho Volkov kumakuva iri Leningrad. Zvizvarwa munyori vanogara muParis, America, uye vamwe - muMoscow, kudzokera anoda kubatsira Kliment Voroshilov.