Life uye Works of Dostoevsky

Munyaya ino, tichakurukura kutsanangura upenyu uye basa Dostoevsky zvishoma kukuudza pamusoro inokosha zviitiko. Fyodor Mikhailovich akaberekwa musi October 30 (Rekare - 11) muna 1821. Dostoevsky rondedzero achasuma iwe inokosha mabasa, nokubudirira uyu ari mabhuku mumunda. Asi ngationei kutanga kubva pakutanga - kubva kupi munyori neramangwana, pamwe Biography ake.

Dostoevsky matambudziko anogona zvikuru ngaanzwisise chete Kunyatsoziva upenyu uyu. Handiti, ingano anogara zvimwe anoratidza zvinoitwa Biography ari musiki mabasa. Kana ari Dostoevsky kunonyanya kuoneka.

Kwakabva Dostoyevsky

Baba Fyodor akazvarwa matavi Rtishchevo, vazukuru Rtishchev Daniil Ivanovich, mudziviriri muna South-West weRussia Orthodox Faith. Vaakaisa nokuti kunoshamisa kubudirira Dostoevo musha yaiva Podolsk province. Dostoevsky unonzi rakabva ikoko.

Zvisinei, nokuda pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, varombo rudzi Dostoevsky. Andrei Mikhailovich, sekuru emunyori, akashumira Podolsk mudunhu, mutaundi Bratslav, archpriest. Mikhail, tiri kuziva baba romunyori, kudzidza panguva yakafanira lääkäri-Nzira Academy. MuHondo Yenyika II, muna 1812, akanga akarwa French pamusoro pomumwe, uye ipapo, muna 1819, akaroora Nechaeva Maria Feodorovna, mwanasikana dzomutengesi kubva Moscow. Mikhail, vava pamudyandigere, vakagamuchira hofisi yachiremba muna Mariinsky chipatara, wakashama varombo, yainzi muna Bozhedomka vanhu.

Where Dostoevsky akaberekwa?

munyori ramangwana Apartment mhuri yaiva rworudyi bapiro muchipatara. Mairi, pasi chiremba wehurumende furati yakasarudzwa, akaberekwa muna 1821, Fyodor Mikhailovich. mai vake, sezvo isu kare ambotaurwa, aibva mhando vatengesi. Pictures of vakurumidze kufa, urombo, zvirwere, nyonganyonga - pazvidhindo mukomana, vakatora chimiro pasi pokudzora maonero kwenyika munyori nezveramangwana, kujairika wokutanga. basa Dostoevsky unotarisana ichi.

Mamiriro mumhuri munyori nezveramangwana

Vashoma vane nguva kusvika 9 vanhu mhuri akamanikidzwa dzinoungana mbiri chete makamuri. Mikhail aiva hypochondriac uye murume anokurumidza kutsamwa.

Siyanei mhando aiva Maria Fedorovna: kunotenga, aifara, aiva nomutsa. Ukama pakati vabereki mukomana akanga inobva kuzviisa pasi pakati vachida uye kuda kwababa vake. Mukoti uye mai munyori yemberi waikudzwa tsika nyika tsvene yechitendero, anosimbisa kuti kuremekedza kutenda dzamadzibaba zvizvarwa zvaizotevera. Maria Feodorovna akafa muduku - aine makore 36. Iye akavigwa Lazarev kumakuva.

The kuziva wokutanga nemabhuku

Education uye Science chose yakawanda nguva dzemhuri Dostoevsky. Pazera Dostoevsky vawana mufaro kukurukurirana bhuku. The tanga Mabasa, uyo akasangana, - chevarwere Ngano Arina Arkhipovna, Nanny. Izvi zvakateverwa Pushkin uye Zhukovsky - kufarira vanyori Maria Feodorovna.

Fyodor Mikhailovich vachiri vaduku vakapedzisira vava kuziva zvikuru Classics mabhuku nyika: Hugo, Cervantes uye Homer. baba vake akaronga mhuri manheru kuverenga mabasa N. M. Karamzina "History of Russian wehurumende." izvi zvose akaisa ramangwana munyori mangwanani kufarira mabhuku. Life uye Works of Fyodor Dostoevsky dzinongoita inoumbwa zvakatipoteredza, apo pakanga munyori uyu.

Mikhail kutsvaka nhaka kwamachinda

Mikhail muna 1827 kuti zvakaoma uye kwazvo basa rakanga paakavapa sezvakarayirwa 3rd dhigirii pakati St Anne, uye gore gare gare akanga anokudza pachinzvimbo chevatatu collegiate assessor, akapa ukuwo Human Rights kuti enhaka kwamachinda. Baba Munyori yemberi ainyatsoziva kukosha dzidzo yepamusorosoro uye saka vakatsvaka zvakakomba kugadzirira kubvuma kuti masangano dzidzo vana vavo.

Dambudziko youduku, Dostoevsky

Munyori yemberi hwake vakapona njodzi akasiya ane zvisingafi mucherechedzo pamusoro mweya wake hwose. Akada sevana pfungwa mwanasikana vezvokudya, kasikana kane makore mapfumbamwe. Kamwe, nezuva yezhizha kwakava nemhere mubindu. Fedor panze uye akamuona avete yakabvaruka chena rokwe pasi. Of musikana waishandiswa vakadzi. Kubva nhaurirano yavo Fedor akaziva kuti chaikonzera kuti nenjodzi rakava akadhakwa gwatya. Pashure paizvozvo, takaenda baba vake, asi yake rubatsiro haana kudiwa, nekuti musikana akanga afa.

Education munyori

Fyodor Mikhailovich dzidzo okutanga chikoro dzakavanzika muMoscow. Iye muna 1838 akapinda yaiva St. Petersburg Main Engineering School. Iye kudzidza muna 1843 uye akava neuto injiniya.

Mumakore iwayo, chikoro ichi yainzi imwe yakanakisisa masangano munyika. Hapana tsaona akauya vazhinji vakakurumbira. Dostoevsky pakati mamwe masoja ari kukoreji yaiva yakawanda tarenda, pashure vakashanduka munzvimbo inonyatsozivikanwa unhu. It Dmitry Grigorovich (munyori), Constantin Trutovsky (Artist), Ilya Sechenov (physiologist), Eduard Totleben (murongi kudzivirira Sevastopol), Fyodor Radetzky (Shipka hero). Kudzidziswa pano somunhu dzavanhu uye anokosha anoranga. Somuenzaniso, nyika uye nyika kare, mabhuku Russian, kupenda uye yevagari mapurani.

The nedambudziko "murume muduku"

Dostoevsky rine bishi nenzanga vadzidzi akasarudza toga. Reading aiva ake kufarira dandadzo. Erudition romunyori yemberi zvaishamisa navo. Asi chido yokuva woga uye nemimba uye akaramba akazvivanza mune hunhu hwake haana tinozvarwa unhu. The chikoro Fyodor aifanira kutsungirira dambudziko mweya vanonzi "murume muduku". Zvechokwadi, kuchikoro ichi vadzidzi dzaiwanzova vana muboka revatungamiriri uye uto muboka revatungamiriri. Vabereki zvipo vadzidzisi vavo, anorura zvachose. In ezvinhu ichi, Dostoevsky akatarira chinoshamisa, kazhinji pasi nokunyombwa uye kusekwa. In pfungwa dzake mumakore iwayo kwakamuka pfungwa akuvadzwa kuzvikudza, izvo zvinoratidzwa yemberi basa Dostoevsky.

Asi pasinei nezvinetso izvi, Fyodor Mikhailovich akakwanisa vawane kuzi- uye vakaroorana uye vadzidzisi. All makaona pamusoro nguva kuti murume uyu asina uchenjeri uye hunoshamisa kugona.

rufu baba vake

Muna 1839, July 8, kubva apoplexy pakarepo baba Fyodor akafa. Paiva norunyerekupe kuti hazvina semafiro - Akaurayiwa kuti hasha varume unopinza. The nhau zvakashamisa Dostoevsky, uye pamwechete naye yokutanga nguva yakanga nezvokubvuta, mumwe harbinger pakati remangwana nepfari, iyo Dostoevsky akatambura upenyu hwake hwose.

Service somunhu injiniya, mabasa ekutanga

Dostoevsky muna 1843, pashure pokupedza kudzidza kosi, akanga wechi muna Corps pamusoro Engineers muushumiri ouinjiniya chikwata pana St. Petersburg, asi zvishoma vakashumira ikoko. Papera gore akasarudza kuita mabhuku basa, imwe chido wakange kwenguva refu. Chokutanga, akatanga kushandura Classics, akadai Balzac. Mushure mechinguva kwakava itsva pfungwa mutsamba inonzi "vanhu varombo." Rakanga wokutanga akazvimirira basa, unotanga basa Dostoevsky vake. Izvi zvakateverwa nyaya enganonyorwa: "Mr. Prokharchin", "Double", "Netochka Nezvanova", "White usiku".

Rapprochement pamwe denderedzwa Petrashevists inosuruvarisa

1847 akacherekedza rapprochement pamwe Butashevich-Petrashevsky, vakaperekedza akakurumbira "Friday". Raiva nditsigire uye kukuchidzira kuti Fourier. Manheru aya munyori akasangana vadetembi Apollonom Maykovym, Alekseem Plescheevym, Aleksandrom Palmom, Sergeem Durovym, uyewo novelist Saltykov uye musayendisiti Vladimir Milyutin uye Nikolaem Mordvinovym. Pamisangano vakanga zvakurukurwa Petrashevists mugovanisi dzidziso, zvirongwa echimurenga nenyonganyonga. Dostoevsky aiva mutsigiri yepakarepo abolition kuti serfdom muRussia.

Zvisinei, hurumende akadzidza denderedzwa, uye muna 1849, 37 vechikamu kusanganisira Dostoevsky, vakaiswa mujeri muna Petro Paul Fortress. Vakatongerwa rufu, asi Kesari wakachinjwa mutongo, uye munyori akaendeswa kuutapwa zvakaoma kuSiberia.

In Tobolsk, mujeri

Akaenda Tobolsk pamusoro anotyisa chando pachena sleigh. Pano vakadzi Decembrists, Annenkov uye Fonvizin akashanyira Petrashevists. Feat vakadzi ava vayemura yose nyika. Vakapa mumwe akatongerwa maererano Gospel, umo mari yakanga yashandiswa. Chokwadi chokuti vasungwa vaisabvumirwa kuva nemari dzavo, saka zviri kuzochinja kwechinguva upenyu hwainge hwakaoma.

In mutorongo munyori akaona sei kure rationalistic, dzokufungidzira pfungwa imwe "chiKristu idzva" kubva pfungwa Kristu, avo rutsigiro - vanhu. Fyodor pano mutemo mutsva "chiratidzo kutenda". Kwakavakirwa vanhu mhando chiKristu. Zvadaro, izvi akaratidza mberi basa Dostoevsky, izvo tichataura kukuudza paya.

Muchiuto muna Omsk

Nokuti munyori, munhu rakaoma kwemakore mana kwakatsiviwa pashure imwe nguva rechiuto. Akanga vakaperekedza pasi murindi kubva Omsk kuna Semipalatinsk. Pano upenyu uye basa Dostoevsky mberi. The munyori akashumira nzvimbo zvavo, ipapo vakagamuchira chinzvimbo mukuru. Akadzokera kuna St. Petersburg kusvikira pakupera 1859.

Publishing yemagazini

Panguva ino, ndakatanga pakunamata tsvakurudzo Dostoevsky, uyo mumakore 60 dzakaguma pakugadzirwa dzidziso pochvennicheskih munyori. Biography uye mabasa Dostoevsky panguva ino kwakaratidzwa zvinotevera zviitiko. Writer kubva 1861, pamwe chete Michael, munin'ina wake, akatanga kubudisa magazini inonzi "Time", uye ipapo kurambidza nayo - "ichikosha". Kushanda mumabhuku matsva uye magazini, Fyodor Mikhailovich yakatanga maonero ake pamusoro dambudziko nomukurumbira uye munyori munyika yedu - wokuRussia, ane musiyano wezvinyorwa pamusoro gutsaruzhinji Christian yepakutanga.

mabasa rokutanga munyori pashure zvakaoma

Life uye Works of Dostoevsky pashure Tobolsk chakachinja chaizvo. Muna 1861 paiva yokufungidzira romunyori ichi kuti yaakasika pashure zvakaoma kutanga. In basa iri ( "The watukwa akakuvara") kwakaratidza tsitsi Dostoevsky kune "vanhu vaduku" vari pasi kubudikidza masimba kuva kunyadziswa isingaperi. Vakatodzidza huru munzanga kukosha se "House Vakafa" (Makore zvakasikwa - 1861-1863), uyo akanga atanga nomumwe munyori mujeri. Mumagazini "Time" akazviratidza "Winter Notes musi Summer Ichiyeukwa" muna 1863. Ivo Fyodor kubatanidzwa Western ezvinhu enyika zvitendero. Muna 1864 kwakauya Bhuku "Notes from Pachivande". mhando iyi yokupupura Dostoevsky. In basa rake, iye recanted ake akapfuura zvinangwa zvavo.

Uyezve basa Dostoevsky raMwari

Rondedzera muchidimbu zvimwe mabasa munyori uyu. Muna 1866 iye akaonekwa ari yokufungidzira rinonzi "Utsotsi uye Kurangwa" iyo yakakurukura chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mubasa rake. Muna 1868 akauya "The Nemurubaka" yokufungidzira, apo vachiedza chakaitwa kusika yakanaka gamba, izvo anoshora dzinodya dzimwe dzinosiya utsinye nyika,. Mumakore 70 okugadzira zvinhu FM Dostoevsky anoenderera. Akava nomukurumbira enganonyorwa akadai "The nedhimoni" (gore bhuku - 1871), uye "Teenager", yakabuda 1879. "The Brothers Karamazov" - mumwe yokufungidzira, rakanga riri basa rokupedzisira. Iye akapfupikisa Dostoevsky. nganonyorwa Years - 1879-1880. In basa iri, chikuru hunhu, Alyosha Karamazov, kubatsira vamwe munguva yokutambudzika uye kutambura, iva nechokwadi chokuti chinhu chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu hwedu - pfungwa kukanganwirwa uye rudo. Muna 1881, 9 February, Dostoevskiy Fedor Mihaylovich akafira St. Petersburg.

Life uye Works of Dostoevsky muchidimbu zvinotsanangurwa munyaya ino. Hatigoni kutaura kuti munyori anogara kufarira vamwe dambudziko murume. Nyora nezvazvo ichi chinokosha chakanga basa Dostoevsky vake, zvishoma.

Murume ari munyori

Fyodor Mikhailovich munguva yose basa rake kufungisisa huru dambudziko revanhu - sei kuti kudada, inova kwainyanya kuparadzana vanhu. Chokwadi, pane zvimwe dzinotaura basa Dostoevsky, asi dzinongoita yakavakirwa ichi. Munyori vaidavira kuti mumwe wedu ane Kugona. Uye zvinofanira kuita saizvozvo, apo tichirarama, unofanira kutaura pachako. Related Person munyori akatsaurira upenyu hwake hwose. Biography zvinhu uye kuti Dostoevsky kunosimbiswa.