The Black Book emhuka. The Black Book kweRussia: mhuka

Tose tinoziva nezvokuvapo Dzvuku Book. It vakapinda isingawanzowanikwi uye achitsoropodza pangozi mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Zvisinei, vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti pane Black Book mhuka uye zvinomera. Rine ndandanda yakatotsakatika uye yakatotsakatika nokusingaperi.

ziviso

Pfungwa kusika Red Book zvinomera nemhuka yakabuda pakati rokupedzisira remakore. Uye yatova bhuku rokutanga yakabudiswa muna 1966, zvinosanganisira tsanangudzo vanopfuura zana mhando mhuka, 200 eshiri uye vanopfuura zviuru 25 zvinomera. Saka, masayendisiti akaedza vaswedere ruzhinji kuteerera dambudziko kunyangarika mamwe marudzi kasvisto uye Fauna of redu. Zvisinei, kutama haina kunyanya akabatsira pakugadzirisa nyaya iyi. Saka, gore negore Red Book hwe- kukasawedzerwa mutsva mazita mhuka. vanhu vashoma vanoziva kuti pane mapeji matema of Red Book. Mhuka nezvinomera dziri pavari vari zvachose nokutsakatika. Zvinosuruvarisa kakawanda waiva mugumisiro safunga uye ufuza kwevanhu nemafungiro hunhu redu. The Red uye The Black Book emhuka nhasi haisi kwazvo Mureza sezvo Kuchema vose vanhu Pasi nokuda kudiwa kurega kushandisa zviwanikwa chete nokuda kwezvinangwa zvavo. Mukuwedzera, vanomutakura mashoko nezvokukosha noukama hwepedyo zvakatipoteredza tine nyika yakanaka yaigarwa akawandisa zvisikwa zvinoshamisa uye nemamwe. Black mhuka bhuku nhasi rinotaura nguva kubva 1500 kusvika nhasi. Leafing achishandisa bhuku rino, tinogona kuona pamwe nokutya kuti panguva iyoyo yakava yakatotsakatika anenge chiuru rudzi remhuka, tisingatauri zvinomera. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti vakawanda vavo vakava zvakananga kana zvisina kunanga vanobatwa kwevanhu.

The Black Book of Animals: A pasi

Sezvo kavha zvose anyangarika chose kubva redu zvipenyu mune rimwe nyaya achava zvakaoma, zvakakodzera kuratidza vamwe vavo. We anoratidza kuti funga yakatotsakatika fauna of vanogara munharaunda Russia uye kunze.

The Black Book kweRussia

Mhuka munyika yedu nhasi akapa kupfuura 1,500 mhando. Zvisinei, mhando kusiyana, zvose kuRussia uye kunze ari kukurumidza kuchembera. Izvi ainyanya kunokonzerwa murume. A zvikuru dzakawanda dzemarudzi vava yakatotsakatika mumakore maviri emakore. Saka, tine Black Book kweRussia. Mhuka dziri pamapeji aro, zvachose nokutsakatika. Nhasi, nhengo dzakawanda National fauna of zvinogona kuonekwa asi mifananidzo iri enisaikoropidhiya kana panguva yakanaka, muchimiro mhuka stuffed mumamiziyamu. Tinopa kusangana nevamwe vavo.

Spectacled hove

Miti iyi yakawanikwa 1741 panguva pakundopambara kuna Kamchatka Vitus Bering. Zita rake raiva mukukudza hove zvakasikwa Steller zita, uyo akatanga kurondedzera izvozvo. Vamiriri ichi mhando vaiva guru uye zvikuru kunonoka. Vakagara makuru misha, uye kubva ngozi vaigona kupukunyuka chete nemvura. Vanhu vanokurumidza chaizvo kunzwisisa manakiro nyama Steller wacho hove kwechokwadi. Uye nemhaka kudekara kunovhima shiri waitanga kusingadzoreki zvachose. Somugumisiro, wokupedzisira Steller cormorants vakaurayiwa muna 1852. Hazvina chete makore zana kubva pakuvhurwa chimiro ...

Steller kuti gungwa mhou

The Black Book mhuka yakatotsakatika rinorondedzerawo imwe mhando, akazaruka munguva rwendo kubva Vitus Bering muna 1741. chikepe chake, rinonzi "Musande Petro" akanga chakaparadzwa pedyo echitsuwa chacho, yainzi vachikudza akawana. The chikwata akamanikidzwa kuramba pano muchando uye kudya nyama kujairika mhuka dzinonzi mhou nokuti kuti chete vakadya matope. zvisikwa izvi vaiva hombe uye anononoka. kurema wavo kazhinji matani gumi. Meat manatees akanga zvinonaka chaizvo uye utano. Hunt ari Hofori izvi hakukuvadzi hakuna kuoma, sezvo mhuka zvakadzikama vakadya algae pedyo kumahombekombe, havana kukwanisa kutiza ngozi kumashure uye havana kutya munhu. Somugumisiro, pashure pakupera Bering kuti rwendo kusvika kuzvitsuwa purofiti vavhimi utsinye chokuuraya yose vakawanda gungwa mhou kwemakumi emakore matatu.

Caucasian wisent

The Black Book emhuka zvinosanganisira zvinoyevedza zvakasikwa zvakadaro, sezvo Caucasian bison. mhuka idzi kamwe kuzogarwa ndima huru kubva Mountains Caucasus kusvika North of Iran. Kutaurwa wokutanga kudzokera XVII remakore ichi musi mhando. Zvisinei, nhamba Caucasian bison yakatanga kunaya nokukurumidza nokuda inondimukira kuparadzwa kwayo munhu, uyewo yokuderedza munzvimbo zvigare. Saka, kana ari pakati XIX remakore ari munharaunda Russia akararama zvuru zviviri vamiririri ichi mhando, mushure World War First, vakanga vasina kupfuura mazana mashanu. Panguva Civil War, kuti vanhu zvisingadzorwi achiparadza Caucasian bison zvokudya zvavo uye nematehwe. Somugumisiro, muna 1920 vanhu nemhuka idzi akanga atova asina kupfuura zana vanhu. Hurumende kukurumidza kuchengeterwa hwagadzwa, yakagadzirirwa kudzivirira kwakadai kunyangarika. Asi kusvikira nguva yaro zvisikwa 1924, akararama 15 chete Caucasian bison. Zvisinei, hurumende kudzivirira akanga asingakwanisi kuvadzivirira Pfuti kwemutemo. Somugumisiro, wokupedzisira mumiririri vatatu ichi mhando vakaurayiwa nevafudzi muna 1926 paGomo Alous.

reCaspian ingwe

Kuparadzwa kwevanhu vakanga vasina chete mhosva uye kudzivirirwa mhuka. The Black bhuku, pane vakawanda rakanaka uye ngozi zvikara, izvo zvinosanganisira Transcaucasian (kana Turan) ingwe. The Vagari marudzi iyi mhuka rakaparadzwa zvachose muna 1957. ReCaspian Tiger aiva kumbonyanya guru (kusvika 240 makirogiramu) uye akanaka pakutarisika chikara pamwe refu mbava ruvara rwakati piriviri kutsvuka. Vamiriri ichi mhando vaigara munharaunda rinoti ano, dzakadai Iran, Pakistan, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan (kumaodzanyemba), uye Turkey. Maererano masayendisiti, reCaspian Tiger ndiye dzepedyo hama Amur. Kunyangarika mhuka idzi anoshamisa Central Asia kunobatanidzwa zvikurukuru pakaberekwa pamusoro munharaunda Russian vatama. Vaiona chikara nengozi uye anovhima iye. Saka, kunyange nguva hondo mauto zvaishandiswa kuuraya Tigers. Uyewo basa rinokosha nedanho kutsakatika kwemarudzi ichi airidza kuwedzera mabasa evanhu nzvimbo yemhuka idzi. Last zavkazskogo ingwe anoonekwa 1957 pamusoro munharaunda USSR muna Turkmenistan pedyo nomuganhu Iran.

Yakatotsakatika fauna of kuti vaigara kunze nyika Russia uye USSR

Zvino isu kupa kuti tizive chii mashoko ine bhuku dema munyika. Mhuka dziri pamapeji aro akanyangarika kubva panyika ndiyewo kukonzerwa nemabasa evanhu.

Rodriguez chihwenga

tsananguro chekutanga ichi dzemarudzi ndeyemunguva 1708 gore. Rodriguez akararama chihwenga pamusoro Mascarene Islands, riri 650 makiromita kumabvazuva Madagascar. Kureba yehuku muviri akanga hafu mita. chihwenga Izvi inopenya manyoro uye Orange plumage kuti uye rikaparadzwa. Kuti tiwane minhenga akanaka, vanhu vava kusingadzoreki kunovhima shiri zvipenyu ichi. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza kuguma XVIII remakore Rodriguez chihwenga rakaparadzwa zvachose.

Falkland Islands Wolf

Vagari vamwe vamiririri fauna of kutsauka zvishoma nezvishoma vemakumi zhinji kana kunyange mazana emakore. Asi vamwe mhuka dziri muna Black Book, huchibva rokutsanya zvechokwadi uye utsinye mhirizhonga. Vamiririri kwemarudzi izvi tsaona zvinogona kunzi Falkland Islands Wolf (kana Falkland mhumhi). ruzivo zvose chimiro ichi kunobva chete diki miziyamu Exhibits uye manotsi revafambi. mhuka idzi aigara munharaunda yacho Falkland Islands. Urefu panguva hunooma emhuka idzi waiva makumi matanhatu masendimita, vaiva zvakanakisa dzvuku mashava mbava. Falkland Islands Wolf akakwanisa kuhukura sembwa uye kufudza zvikurukuru pamusoro shiri, grubs uye zvakaora ndokukandwa chitsuwa nemugungwa. Muna 1860, ivo Falkland Islands dzakatorwa nebato Scots, uyo chaizvo mwoyo mbava vomunharaunda chanterelles. Vakakurumidza vakatanga noutsinye kuparadza: kupfura, uturu pamwe chepfu, dzipa gasi mu burrows that. Nezvose Falkland Islands Wolf akanga kuvimba chaizvo uye ushamwari, nyore kuenda mberi kwaaita munhu uye kunogonazve zvakaisvonaka dzinovaraidza. Asi pakupedzisira Falklands mhumhi vakaurayiwa muna 1876. Saka, mumakore 16 chete, munhu raparadzwa zvachose kuti nemamwe mhuka imwe mhando. Zvose kuti vasara kamwe vakawanda pakati Falkland makava - iri gumi miziyamu Exhibits muLondon, Stockholm, kweBrussels uye weLeiden.

Dodo

Mhuka kubva Black Book rine zvayo kuhondo, uye ngano neshiri waDhodho ane chinoshamisira zita. Vakawanda tsananguro yacho yaizivikanwa kuti Lewis Carroll kuti "Alice mu inoshamisa", apo yakanga anotaurwa pasi zita Dodo. Dodo Zvisikwa zvikuru huru. Nourefu Vasvika rimwe meter, uye avo uremu kwakanga pakati 10 uye 15 makirogiramu. Shiri idzi havagoni kubhururuka uye akatamira bedzi pasi, sezvo Somuenzaniso, chemhou. Dodo aiva refu simba uye simba pointy muromo ane urefu anogona kusvika 23 masendimita. Nokuda kudiwa kufamba chete pamusoro penyika makumbo shiri idzi refu uye simba, apo pamapapiro - chaizvo duku. Inogarwa mhuka idzi zvinoshamisa pachitsuwa Mauritius. Nokuti nguva yokutanga waDhodho paakarondedzerwa 1598 akasvika pachitsuwa parutivi Dutch navigators. Sezvo nechitarisiko murume munzvimbo dzinogarisana, shiri idzi vava kakawanda vakatambudzwa, uye sei vanhu yavose sezvavakatarirwa zvakabikwa nyama kwavo, uye katsi nembwa dzavo. Somugumisiro pakati waDhodho ukama zvakaparadzwa zvachose. Mumiriri wokupedzisira uyu mhando wakaonekwa kuMauritius muna 1662. Saka, muna isingasviki zana pashure kuwanika kuburikidza vokuEurope of waDhodho. Sezvineiwo, vanhu vakaziva kuti mhando iyi hakusisipo, chete hafu yezana remakore pashure Kutsakatika yake kubva panyika. Kuparadzwa waDhodho rava, zvichida, muenzaniso wokutanga munhau apo vanhu kufungisisa kuti vanhu vanogona kuva chikonzero kutsakatika kuchaita yose marudzi.

Thylacine tilatsin

The Black Book yemhuka uye rinosanganisira dzakasiyana chisikwa, sezvo Tasmanian mhumhi. Akararama muNew Zealand uye Tasmania. Miti iyi yaiva chete nhengo yemhuri. Saka, pamwe Kutsakatika ake, isu havazombokwanisi kuti pachako kutora Kutarira marsupial mhumhi. Kokutanga marudzi uyu akarondedzerwa vaongorori British muna 1808. Munguva dzekare, mhuka idzi vaigara mundima kweAustralia. Zvisinei, vakabva, vakanga vadzingwa zvavo rwokuzvarwa dzinogarisana dingoes. uwandu hwevanhu yavo yakaramba chete munzvimbo dingoes akasawanikwa. Pakutanga mashoko XIX remakore marsupial mhumhi vakamirira chimwe dambudziko. Vamiriri ichi mhando vava massively kuparadzwa, sezvo zvaifungwa kuti vakanga kukuvadzwa varimi munyaya iri maberekero makwai uye huku. Nokuda inondimukira kuparadzwa marsupial mapere kubudikidza 1863 kwevanhu vavo shoma yekudyidzana.

Tinoungana mhuka Black Book chete kumaruwa gomo. Zvichida ichi mhando angadai dzakararama dai asina zvakaitika pakutanga XX remakore, kupararira chirwere, zvingangoita, canine distemper, arerwa pano dzinovaraidza misha. Sezvineiwo, marsupial mhumhi akava kubatwa chirwere, zvichiguma kurarama pakanga chete duku chikamu rakakura Vagari aimbova. Muna 1928, vamiririri ichi mhando kamwe zvakare hapana nemhanza. Kunyange zvazvo mutemo wakadzikwa Tasmanian Fauna, marsupial bere iri ndandanda ndaviga hurumende zvisiri. The wokupedzisira mumiririri dzomusango kwemarudzi, akaurayiwa muna 1936. Uye makore matanhatu gare gare, akafa akwegura uye wokupedzisira Tasmanian mhumhi, iri imwe private Zoo. Zvisinei, pasinei nokuti izvi mhando rinosanganisira katema mhuka, pane illusory tariro kumwe marefu mumakomo ari kwegore risingapindiki musango anoverengeka marsupial mhumhi vachiri vakakwanisa kurarama, uye pakupedzisira vaigona kuwana kuedza kudzorera vanhu ava nemamwe mhuka.

Quagga

mhuka aya subspecies pamusoro mbizi, asi zvakasiyana chaizvo vazvo nokuda rakasiyana ruvara. Saka, nechemberi chikamu mhuka mitsetse yakaita mbizi, uye shure - monophonic. Zvakasikwa, vakasangana kuSouth Africa. Zvinofadza Quagga ndiye chete mhando yakatotsakatika mhando zvevakomana kuti kwave akapingudzwa nevanhu. Varimi nokukurumidza zvikuru kuongororwa mwero zvakaitwa Mbizi. Saka, kufudza pedyo boka rembudzi kana gwai, ndivo vokutanga kuona chero ngozi, uye akanyevera vamwe hama dzake hoofed.

Somugumisiro, dzimwe nguva aikoshesa kupfuura mufudzi kana murindi imbwa. Nei vanhu achiparadza mhuka idzi zvinokosha, harusati kunzwisiswa nemasayendisiti zvachose. Chero zvakanga, wokupedzisira Quagga akaurayiwa muna 1878.

mutakurwi njivavarungu

Kutozosvikira XIX remakore, vamiririri kwakadai pakati rakajairika shiri pasi. Kukosha vemo vanofungidzirwa mabhiriyoni 3-5 vanhu. Vaiva vashoma uye akanaka chaizvo shiri brownish-yakatsvukuruka plumage. Ndokugara mutakurwi njivavarungu kuNorth America uye Canada. Kuwanda shiri idzi zvishoma nezvishoma wakaderedzwa munguva kubva 1800 kusvika 1870. Zvino simbi mhando kuparadza nemafashamo zvikuru. Vamwe vanhu vaitenda kuti shiri idzi anokanganisa varimi. Vamwe aurayiwa famba njiva setsikawo zvokungonakidzwa. Vamwe "vavhimi" rwaiitwa kunyange makwikwi, umo zvakafanira yakanaka kuuraya kunonyanyisa nhamba shiri inogona kuva. Somugumisiro, wokupedzisira mutakurwi njivavarungu chakaonekwa mu dzomusango muna 1900. The bedzi akapona mumiririri mhando ainzi muna March akafa akwegura muna September 1914 ari Zoo American guta Cincinnati.

Saka, nhasi takadzidza kuti bhuku dema. About mhuka dziri pamapeji aro, tinogona chete kuzvidemba. Zvisinei, tinogona kuita zvose zvinobvira kumisa kuparadzwa aripo zvino mhuka. Shure zvose, murume ndiye mambo zvakasikwa, tiri basa hama dzedu.