LIBOR: The Story of kuwanika dzemaitirwe

LIBOR, mashoko zvakatuswa vaunganidza Thomson Reuters basa ne Intercontinental Exchange (chando), chinhu chinokosha chinoratidza mari ichaita. Zvinomirira avhareji chimbadzo pamusoro zvikwereti interbank. kukura kwayo rinoratidza kusavapo vakasununguka mari pamusika. Libor chimbadzo rinowanikwa kuti mari shanu uye nomwe chikwereti nguva. Masangano dzemari zhinji kurishandisa nokuda Masvomhu dzavo, kuongorora wake basa.

Nhoroondo chiitiko

Mukutanga 1980s, boka zviridzwa zvitsva zvemari pamisika, akadai: chimbadzo swaps, mari zvokusarudza uye mberi zvibvumirano. Uye akaita akatanga kusava nechokwadi kukuru mukuedza zvose kufanotaura kukura hurongwa. Muna October 1984, Britain Nemabhengi 'Association akatanga mureza kuti chimbadzo swaps. Uye akava aizotangira pamusoro Libor. Unosungira kune vekupedzisira kwaitanga muna January 1986.

LIBOR rinowanikwa pachishandiswa zviratidzo Reference Bank. Izvi zvinobvumira kuti kufukidza nyika dzinopfuura 60. Naizvozvo Libor mwero zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa masangano akawanda zvemari uye masangano vezvokutengeserana sechinhu chipimo pave yayo afarire kushandisa zvikwereti. MuUnited States, 80% kuti subprime mortgages akasungwa pariri. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti munzvimbo ino yose nyika vanoshandisa LIBOR muna US Dollars. Naizvozvo, zvikwereti chikwereti kukanganisa mabasa Fed wacho.

tsananguro

LIBOR - ndiwo avhareji chikamu zvikwereti vari interbank pamusika, akaverenga kunobva ongororo dzinoverengeka wasarudza zvemari masangano, vakabata kusvikira 11 am London nguva. Saka, nhamba iyi inorangarira:

• Mharidzo yakanaka masangano kukosha yayo vakasununguka mari pamusoro interbank pamusika.
• The musiyano prices munyika-kushandiswa zvikuru mari.
• Mari mari pamusoro London misika yemari.

kukarukureta

Libor rinowanikwa uye rakabudiswa Intercontinental Exchange sangano Thomson Reuters. Daily kusvikira 11 am London nguva akaongorora vanoverengeka nemabhangi maererano kwavo anomukweretesa prices. Four okumusoro Extremum havasi kuverengwa dzemaitirwe. Vose vaibatanidzwa dzemaitirwe pamusoro paavhareji, inova LIBOR. At 11:30 am, London nguva, Thomson Reuters Agency rinobudisa chakarurama ichi. It rinowanikwa 7 nguva uye shanu mari. Somuenzaniso, pane mwedzi mitatu emadhora Libor zvazvingava.

Muna 1986 nhamba iyi dzaona kuti mari matatu - mari, vokuBritain pondo uye German chiratidzo. Zvadaro - nokuti gumi. Muna 2000, nyika zhinji vakapinda euro nzvimbo. Rates vakanga akaverenga kuti gumi mari. Muna 2013, pashure chigumbuso akamedura, kwakasarudzwa kuti kuderedza pamazita mashanu. To musi, Libor rinowanikwa nokuda US Dollar, euro, British paundi, Japanese Yen uye Franc Swiss.

Kusvikira 1998, pfupi nguva zvikwereti kufungwa kana pakuverenga chakarurama uyu mwedzi mumwe. Ipapo nhamba pavhiki Libor chakawedzerwa. Uye muna 2001 - rimwe zuva. Mushure Kuchinja muna 2013, Libor rinowanikwa nokuda minomwe yenguva. Chakarebesa Nguva chikwereti - zviri gumi mwedzi.

mhosva

Muna June 2012, panguva kuferefeta vaakawana zvakawanda enhema nokuda Reference Bank kuti Rigging Libor prices. Chokutanga ndakazoona pamusoro veracity mashoko anogoverwa akazviratidza muna 2008. Falsification kuti manhamba kuti kuverenga pamusoro Libor prices panguva iyi, kunyange akadana mumwe zvinokonzera yose zvoupfumi kuGreece. Muna 2013 vakapinda nechisimba anoverengeka zvakakomba shanduko mune chakarurama ichi, zvakagadzirirwa kuvandudza pachena ayo uye kudzivisa zvisiri kuratidzwa yose mari hurongwa.