Mugore ripi Hondo yeChairi?

Rimwe remapeji akajeka ezvakaitika kare zveRussia, ayo kwemazana emakore akawanda anokonzera kufungidzira kwevakomana uye vanofarira vanyori vezvakaitika kare ndeyoHondo yeAra kana hondo kuLake Peipsi. Mukurwisana uku, mauto eRussia anobva kumaguta maviri, Novgorod naVladimir, vakatungamirirwa nomukuru wechiduku Alexander Yaroslavovich, uyo panguva iyoyo akabata zita rezita reNevsky, akakunda mauto eRivonian Order.

Mugore ripi raive kuurayiwa? Hondo iyi paLake Peipsi yakaitika musi waApril 5, 1242. Iyi yakanga iri hondo yakakosha muhondo nemasimba eDare, avo, pasi pekufungidzira kwekuparadzira kutenda kwavo, vakawana nyika itsva kune ivo pachavo. Nenzira, hondo iyi inowanzonzi sehondo neVaJalimane, zvisinei, izvi hazvisi zvechokwadi zvechokwadi. Mutemo weLivonian wakanga uri muBaltic States. Hondo yacho yaive nemakambani ehurongwa nevakadzoka, avo vaDanmark vassals nemapoka ehurumende kubva kuChud, madzitateguru emaEstonia echimazuva ano. Uye shoko rokuti "German" mumazuva iwayo rinonzi avo vasingatauri chiRussia.

Hondo yakaguma pamusoro pechando chePeipsi Lake yakatanga muna 1240, uye pakutanga pakutanga kwaive kune chinangwa cheLipontsi: vakatora maguta akadai saPolkov naIzhorsk. Mushure meizvi, vapanduki vakatanga kutora nyika yeNogorod. Kusvikira Novgorod ivo havana kusvika chero 30 km. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti panguva iyo Alexander Yaroslavovich aiva muPerasaslavl-Zalessky, kwaakamanikidzwa kusiya Novgorod. Pakupera kwegore 40 vagari vomuguta vakadana mutongi kumashure, uye iye, asingateereri zvikwanganiso zvekare, akatungamirira uto reNovoodod.

Akatova muna 1241 akakunda nyika dzakawanda dzeNovgorod kubva kuLibonian, uyewo Pskov. Muchirimo cha1242, musungwa wekucherechedza wakasiya nhare yeRivonian Order, guta reDerpt. Pamakore gumi nemasere kubva pakutanga kwavakaonana nechisimba chaRusich. Yakanga iri boka duku, richifamba pamberi pemasimba makuru eAlexander Nevsky. Pamusana pokukunda kuri nyore, the Knights of the Order vakanga vachidavira kuti mauto makuru aizokwanisa kukunda chete zvakare. Ndosaka vakasarudza kupa hondo yakakosha.

Kune Nevsky mauto ose ehurumende akatungamirirwa na tenzi iye pachake akabva. Ne simba reNovgorod vakasangana paLake Peipsi. Muzvinyorwa izvi zvinotaurwa kuti Hondo yeAra yakaitika pedyo neCrow Stone, asi vanyori vezvakaitika kare havana kunyatsoziva kuti izvi zvakaitika. Pano pane shanduro iyo hondo yakatangira pedyo nechitsuwa, iyo kusvikira nhasi inonzi Raven. Vamwe vanotenda kuti Crow yainzi dombo duku, iro ikozvino riri pasi pemhepo nemvura zvakashandurwa kuva sandstone. Uye vamwe vanyori vezvakaitika kare pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvePrussia, umo zvinonzi mavhiri akafa akawira muuswa, achifunga kuti hondo yacho chaiyo yakaitika pedyo nehombe, saizvozvo, mumutsanga.

Idzikomba, sezvinowanzoitwa, yakagadzirirwa nehave. Zita rakadaro rakabatanidzwa mukurwisana, umo mauto ose asina simba akaiswa pakati, uye varwi vemabhiza vakavafukidza kubva mberi uye kumativi. Nevsky zvakare akasangana nevashori vake, achivaka varwi vake vasina simba, kureva mauto, kupinda mukurwisana, kurondedzera zvitsitsinho. Hondo dzakavakwa sevhesi yeRoma V, nhokwe mberi. Hondo dzehondo dzakapinda mumugwagwa uyu uye dzakabva dzaonekwa pakati pemitsetse miviri yevadzivisi.

Nokudaro, Alexander Yaroslavovich akaiswa pamakambani hondo yakareba, panzvimbo yekugara kwekukunda kukunda kuburikidza nemasvingo eziso. Vakasvibiswa muhondo pamwe nevasviki vevacheche, kubva kumahombekombe vakarwa nemauto akashongedzerwa eruboshwe uye nemaoko. Kuchinja kwakadaro kwezviitiko kwavari kwakanga kusingatarisirwi zvachose, uye mukuvhiringidzika, vakatanga kutora, uye mushure mechinguva zvinongonyadzisa kumhanya. Panguva iyi, mauto emabhiza akapinda muhondo.

VaRussia vakadzinga muvengi wavo kuburikidza neLake Peipsi. Zvinotendwa kuti yaiva panguva ino iyo chikamu chemauto evengi akafamba pasi pechando. Inonyanya kutenda kuti izvi zvaive zvichienderana nehondo yakasimba ye Knights of the Order. Nokuda kwekutonga kunokosha kutaura kuti izvi hazvisi izvo. Zvipfeko zvakasimba zvevashandi vakagadzirwa zvishoma nemazana mashoma gare gare. Uye muzana remakore rechigumi nemaviri zvombo zvavo zvakanga zvisina kusiyana nemauto ehondo yemukuru weRussia: helmet, mail chain, chifuva cheputi, mapepa emapfudzi, leggings uye bracers. Uye mudziyo uyu hauna kana zvachose. Idzikomba dzakawira pasi zvachose nokuda kweimwe chikonzero. Zvichida Nevsky akavatungamirira kune chikamu icho chegungwa, apo, nekuda kwemamiriro akasiyana-siyana, ice iri rakanga risina kusimba seimwe nzvimbo.

Pane dzimwe shanduro. Zvimwe zvinhu, izvo zvokwadi yokuti zvinyorwa zvemakristani akadzikira zvinowanikwa chete mumabhuku kubvira muzana remakore rechiXIV, uye mune izvo zvakange zvichinyanya kupisa pazviri hapana shoko, uye kuti pasi regungwa hachina kuwanikwa Nzira dzemakwikwi emurairo weVivonian, inoratidza kuti iyi inongova nhoroondo yakanaka iyo isina chokuita neichoicho.

Chero chii chaive, Hondo yeChaunda yakaguma nehupenyu hwakakwana hweHurumende. Vakaponeswa chete avo vakavhara hurongwa, izvozvi, tenzi iye pachake uye vamwe vevamwe vake. Nokudaro, rugare rwakagumiswa pamamiriro ezvinhu ainyanya kukosha kuRussia. Vavengi vacho vakaramba zvose zvaiti kumaguta akakundwa ndokurega kushanda kwemauto. Miganhu yakagadzwa mumazuva iwayo yakakosha kwemazana emakore akawanda.

Nokudaro, zvakajeka kuti Hondo yeChair ye1242 yakaratidza hukuru hwemauto eRussia, uyewo maitiro ehondo yeRussia, mazano nemazano pamusoro peEurope.