Malyuta Skuratov: biography. Basa rehupenyu hunonyadzisa munhoroondo yeRussia

Panguva yekutonga kweSimba guru Ivan the Terrible, nhoroondo yenyika inoonekwa seinochera. Ivan the Fourth akatungamirira nyika kunyange achiri muduku. Mumazuva iwayo, Boyar Duma ane simba rose , iro raiva nemakomana anoyevedza uye anopa vakuru machinda, akasarudza nyaya dzehurumende dzekutonga. Kushuva kugamuchira simba risina kubviswa, muna 1565 Tsar Ivan yakatanga oprichnina. Hondo yakasikwa, yakagadzirwa nevakanaka vanokudzwa, vakadanwa kurwisana nemakomana nemachinda. Kune varombo varombo, basa re oprichnina rakanga riri tariro yakanaka mubasa. Pakati pavo paiva naSkuratov-Belsky, uyo akagamuchira zita rezita rokuti Malyut nokuda kwekukura kwake .

Anoda uye ane utsinye Malyuta Skuratov, uyo ane nhoroondo yakafukidzwa nenhema uye nhema, akaedza nenzira dzose dzingaita kuti apinde muvanhu vakanaka uye awane nzvimbo yakakwirira mumuzinda wamambo. Nekuuya kwe oprichnina muMoscow, ruzhinji rwekuuraya ropa rwakatanga. Vazhinji vakomana nemachinda vakadzingwa nyika dzavo uye vakatumirwa kutapwa. Malyuta Skuratov akatora chikamu chekuita mhirizhonga, utsinye hutsinye, uye zvakare kudzinga madhimoni asingadi naIvan. Nhoroondo yemunhu uyu, sezvakataurwa nevanyori vezvakaitika kare, yakanyorwa muropa.

Ivan uyo anotyisa akacherechedza kushingaira kwea oprichnik yake. Mushure mechinguva, Malyuta Skuratov akatungamirira muchengeti webasa mu oprichnina. Mushure mokurwiswa kwehasha kune machinda, Tsar Ivan akatanga kurwisana nevakomana nevakuru. Somugumisiro wehondo iyi, mutsva mutsva wezvikepe nekuurayiwa kwakawira muMoscow. Vamwe vakaurayiwa pakarepo, pasina kuunza nyaya yacho kumatare. Sezvakaitika kare, zita iri rakanga risati risina iyo - Malyuta Skuratov. Nhoroondo yemuurayi izere nenyaya dzinotyisa pamusoro pekutambudzwa nekunyadziswa pamusoro pevanhu. Kuurayiwa kwechisimba kwakatungamirirwa nemurume uyu kwakatungamirira kurufu rwemakore makumi mashanu nemakomana makuru uye madzitateguru. Varanda mazana matatu vakafa pamwe chete pamwe chete. Basa raMalyuta rakashanda rakarumbidzwa zvikuru neTsar, mushure mokunge muurayi akakurumidza kusimudzira nheyo yemabasa mu oprichnina.

Muna 1569, Malyuta Skuratov akagamuchira murairo weumambo kuti asunge muzukuru wake, Prince Staritsky, uye kuparadzwa kwekukundwa Metropolitan Philip. Zvose izvi mabasa Maryut akaita zvakazara uye nemaoko ake.

Muna 1570 akazova gurukota reDuma uye sepedyo sezvinobvira kuna tsar. Malyuta nguva dzose akasimbisa simba uye semugumisiro akagamuchira masimba asingagumi. Akatanga kuraira mauto ehondo, akadzora zvose zvinoitika kuruvanze remambo. Mukuwedzera, akanga achiri kutaurirana nhaurirano.

Malyuta Skuratov, ane nhoroondo yekuti vamwe (pamwewo pachavo) vakamutumidza kuti "mambo wekumambo," vakaratidza mambo kuti akazvipira kuzvipira. Zvisinei, kwaari iro ropa rekusasa rakanga risisiri mutoro. Akanakidzwa nokutambudzwa kwaaive achipa kune avo vakaurayiwa. Mufananidzo weMalayuta Skuratov unogona kuona munyaya ino.

Munhu ane utsinye akaurayiwa akaurayiwa panguva yekudengenyeka kwenhare yeLibonian. Sezvo nhoroondo yacho inotaura, pamubhedha wake wechipfuva akazvidemba zvakadarika pazvivi zvake, uye Ivan akashandura kuraira kuti atore vapenyu vose vakatapwa vakapiwa muViivonian War .

Pasinei noutsinye hwe oprichnik, nhoroondo yeRussia icharamba ichiyeuka chimiro chake - zvirokwazvo, kwemakore akawanda akatonga nyika.

Kusvikira ikozvino, vatsvakurudzi nevanyori vekare veMoscow vari kukakavadzana pamusoro pekuti imba yaMarutauta Skuratov muMoscow yaive kupi, Malyutinsky Chambers. Asi, zvinosuruvarisa, kunyange pasina chechokwadi uye nesayenzi yakagadzirisisa ruzivo panyaya iyi.