Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic war. Magamba eKazakhstan panguva yeHondo yePamatritic War

Pakupera kwaJune 1941, mauto eGermany akakunda USSR. VaFascists vakaona hondo iyi sechinhu chinoshamisa pakugadzirwa kweGermany monolith kubva kuAtlantic kusvika kuSiberia. IU.SR yaiva nyika yemarudzi akawanda. Nyika dzakasiyana dzakabatanidzwa muhondo. Nharaunda yeKazakhstan haina kudarika hondo. Panguva yekutanga kwehondo iyi republic yakanga ine simba revanhu uye zvisikwa zvevanhu. Ngationei kuti basa reKazakhstan rakapihwa munguva yeHigh Patriotic War.

Nhepfenyuro yenhoroondo yekare yekutanga-hondo

Pasinei nechokwadi chokuti mumakumi maviri emakore akapfuura kuchinja kune hukama hwevanhu hwakanga husina kuzadzika, zvakawanda zvaive zvichiitwa munzira inoenda kune chinangwa ichi. Kunyanya, kudzvinyirirwa kwekoloni uye kwenyika, kunyora nekunyora kwemazuva ekure kwakapedzwa nokukurumidza sezvazvinogona. Panguva imwe chete, kuenzana pakati pevakadzi nevarume kwakagadzwa, rugare uye kubatana pakati pevanhu. Mitsika yenyika yekuda nyika yakaita basa rinokosha mune izvi. Kwemazana emakore akawanda, vanhu veKazakh vakabudirira kuchengetedza miganhu yezvikepe zvavo. Munguva yechirwisana nekoloniyasi, panguva yezvidzidzo zvitatu pazvivako zvekuvaka kwemakore mashanu uye zvigaro zvekurwisana kwevanhu, kushamwaridzana kwehukama kwakasimbiswa uye kwakasimbiswa zvikuru. Izvo zvakapararira zvinopesana nehupascist propaganda zvakaratidza simba guru kuvanhu.

Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War

Zvichitsanangura muchidimbu nyika yenyika panguva yekurwiswa kweva fascists, zvakakosha kupa imwe nhamba deta. Maererano nemigumisiro yehuwandu hwevanhu vanoitwa muna 1939, paiva nevane mamiriyoni 6.2 muRepublic. Anenge mamiriyoni 1.2 akabatana neuto rehondo. Kazakhstan yakaita basa rinokosha pakuzadzisa chinangwa chekudzikinura USSR kubva kumhirizhonga panguva yeHigh Patriotic War. Mifananidzo inowanikwa munyaya ino inoratidza kugadzirira kwevanhu kudzivirira maMelandland. Hurumende yeSoviet, ichitarisa zvakaitika kune tsarism, yakagadzira mapoka chaiwo ekuvaka neuto rebasa. Vakanga vaisanganisira vamiririri vevanhu vomunharaunda yeCentral Asia neKazakhstan. Pakazara, vanopfuura 700 000 vagari venyika dzehurumende vakabatanidzwa.

State yepurazi

Upfumi hweKazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War yaiva padanho rekubudirira kubudirira. Vose vechina vagari venyika yacho vakatumirwa kushanda mune zvekuchengetedza indasitiri uye mberi. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kutadzisa kufambira mberi kwehupfumi hwenyika. Zviratidzo zvekukurudzira zvakakonzerwa nehukuru hwehupfumi hwehupfumi, huwandu hwevarimi vevanhu vanogaramo. Zvisingakoshi zvakanyanya kuve kunonoka kwekuchengetedzwa kwemabasa ekuchengetedzwa kwezvokuchengetedza munyanzvi yezvidziviriro uye vatambi vemichina kubva mune zvekurima.

Forming Connections

Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War (1941-1945) yakaumba zvikamu uye maitiro zvakananga munharaunda yaro. Vakawanda vevagari vanobatana neuto reSoviet rakashanda sekudzorerazve. Vatasvi vemabhiza mana uye gumi nembiri mhirizhonga, mabhiriji manomwe, anenge mabhatiyoni makumi mashanu akasiyana uye zvigaro zvemaoko akasiyana akaumbwa muRepublic itself. Zviverengera zvezvikwata izvi zvakasikwa sezvikamu zvehurumende. Yakagadzirirwa kudarika chirongwa chekuunganidza, idzi zvikamu zvaive chikamu chakanga chakaumbwa nhengo dzeKomsomol uye makakomunisti. Pamberi pekushandura kuenda kuhondo, vakapiwa maunifomu uye zvimwe zvinhu zvinokosha nezvinhu, zvakachengetedzwa pamutengo wemari yezvematongerwo enyika, pamwe nemipiro yokuzvidira kubva kuvanhu.

Nguva yakaoma

Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War (1941-1945) yakaita basa rakakodzera pakudzidziswa kwemuongorori uye kuchengetedza vatungamiri vezvikepe nemasoja. Vanopfuura 42 000 vechiduku vechiKazakhs vakatumirwa kunzvimbo dzakadzidza dzidzo. Masangano ezvidzidzo zvemauto akange aripo nenguva iyoyo akabudisa vanenge 16 000 mahofisi. Kazakhstan panguva yeGreat Patriotic War, kufanana nedzimwe nyika dzenyika, yakakurumidza kuendesa hupfumi kunzvimbo yezvidziviriro. Kunyanya, mari yezvinangwa zvorugare yakaderedzwa. Mazhinji emabhizimisi akatungamirirwa mukugadzirwa kwemishonga yekudzivirira. Zvishandiso zvemichina, basa, zvigadzirwa zvakagoverwa ivo.

Kubuda kwevanhu

Matambudziko mazhinji aipikiswa neKazakhstan panguva yeHigh Patriotic War (1941-1945). Nenguva pfupi, zvinokwanisika kurondedzera chikamu chekutambudzika kunotambudzwa nevanhu ava munguva yekukwikwidza. Pakutanga kwekumanikidzwa mu republic yakawanikwa pokugara, nzvimbo munzvimbo, basa revanhu vanopfuura mazana mashanu vaibva kune dzimwe nyika kubva kumadokero. MuKazakhstan, panguva yeGreat Patriotic War, vanenge 970 000 vakadzokera kuJalimane nePoles vakasvika. Vakawanda vavo vakagara mumisha nemisha. Muguta racho, panguva iyoyo, dambudziko reimba rakanga rakaoma zvakakwana. Kuwedzera kwaro kwaiva pakutanga kwehondo. Saka, kune mumwe mugari muna 1940, kwakanga kusina kupfuura 5.1 square mita. M, mumakore anotevera - 4,3, uye mune mamwe maguta kunyange zvishoma.

Dambudziko rezvokudya

Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War yakawana kushaikwa kwezvinhu zvakanyanya. Kuwana kwavo pamisika kwakaderera muna 7-15 nguva. Panguva imwecheteyo, mutengo wezvokudya uye zvinodzvara zvakakura 10-15 nguva. Somugumisiro, kadhi yemagetsi yakagadzirwa nechingwa nezvimwe zvinodhaka zvinowanikwa. Dambudziko rezvokudya rinokurudzira kuwedzera kwemunhu mumwechete uye wekurimwa, pamwe chete nemapurazi. Kutenda kubasa rekubatana kwevanhu uye hutungamiri hwe republic, dambudziko rakakundwa. Somugumisiro, zvakawanda hazvina kubudirira, asi vagari vakakwanisa kuwana zvishoma zvakakosha kuti vasangane nezvinodiwa.

Kudzorerwa kwebhizimisi

Nzvimbo yemabhizimisi akadzingwa yaiva chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvekugadzirisa kwekugadzirisa zvinhu. MuKazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, mafekitari 220, mazamu, masangano, mafekitari uye makambani emabhizimisi akatamiswa. Zvadaro, makumi maviri emabhizimisi aya akadzorerwa zvakare. Chikamu chikuru chakaitwa nekugadzirwa kwezvokudya, mafekitari uye zvigadzirwa zve textile uye mashizha. Basa ravo, sekutonga, rakaitwa maererano nesangano re republican enterprises. Mazhinji emabhizimisi akabudiswa akaendeswa nokukurumidzira, mumakamuri asina kugadzirirwa, uye dzimwe nguva pasi pe canopies. Pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, chigadzirwa chacho hachina kugadziriswa chete kune yakambobudiswa, asiwo nezvezvitsva zvekudzivirira.

Kutungamirirwa kwebasa mumaruwa

Mumakore mashomanana ekutanga kurwisana nefascism, sekusvika panguva yekuunganidza, mapato ezvematongerwe enyika akaumbwa pamapurazi enyika, uye vadzidzisi vezvematongerwo enyika mumunda uye tatekta mabargades. Aya ekupedzisira aiwanzopiwa masimba akawandisa. Vanokwanisa kuunza kururamisi avo avo vasina kuita zvinonyangadza nemitemo, vaifungidzirwa kuti havakwanise kufambidzana nevasina maturo. Kuwanda kwehutano hwebasa mumaruwa, kubatana kukuru kwevana nevakadzi vari mubasa, kupera kwemahofisi emagetsi emapurazi ehurumende nemapurazi akabatanidzwa, kuderedzwa kwekubhadhara kwemazuva ekushanda, kushandiswa kwechisimba kwezvipfuwo, uye kuiswa kwemitero kune zvakakonzera zvakanyanya kuhurumende yevanhu. North Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War yaiva nenzara. Kuti vabatsire huwandu hwevanhu muAktyubinsk nzvimbo, hurumende dzemitambo dzakaumbwa. Maererano nemamiriro acho ezvinhu, masimba eVanhu veKutengeserana uye hutungamiri hwavo akawedzerwa uye basa ravo pamusoro pemamiriro ezvinhu mumhizha rakasimbiswa. Somugumisiro, nhamba yemisangano yakanyanya kuderedzwa, zvinobudirira uye kubudirira zvakawedzerwa. Zvisinei, panguva imwecheteyo, hutungamiri hwakatanga kuderera mukutungamira kwezviyero zvakawandisa. Izvi zvakagadziridzwa nekushandurwa mukati mehupenyu hwepati, huwandu hwemashoko ehutsika hwemunhu. Mukuwedzera, chiitiko chekare, chakakurudzira kugadziriswa kwezvibvumirano zvisiri pamutemo, zvakare zvakakanganiswa. Somuenzaniso, mumatunhu eAkmola uye Semipalatinsk, makomisheni ematambudziko uye troika zvakasikwa. Vaiita kutarisira kudyara, vakatungamirira kuendeswa kwevagari vemo, kupisa moto uye nezvimwe zvakadaro. Pavlodar, Karaganda nzvimbo, East Kazakhstan mumakore eHurumende yePatriotic yakashanda nekutonga kwakashata. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo nzira dzekutyisidzira vashandi dzakashandiswa.

Social sphere

Nzira dzinodikanwa uye simba rakasachengetedzwa chete, asi zvakare rakagadzirwa nehutano hwakanaka, dzidzo, sayenzi netsika yeKazakhstan. Munguva yeGreat Patriotic War, vanamukoti uye vanachiremba vehurumende havana kungoita chete kuti vaone kuti huwandu hwekudzoka kwevarwere nevakakuvara, asiwo hwakadzivirira kupararira kwehupidhi uye typhus, dzimwe zvirwere. Dzidzo yekutenda haina kumbochinja. Zvisinei, nhamba yevadzidzi yakaderera. Izvi zvainyanya kuonekwa mumaruwa. Masangano emitemo akanganisa zvakanyanya. Inenge chikamu chechina chekambani dzakatamirwa kuzvipatara nekuita mabhizinesi. Nhamba yemakamuri mabhuku akaderera nekanopfuura kaviri, uye bhuku ravo rebhasi rakaderera nechetatu. Nhamba yemitambo muRepublic yakaramba yakafanana. Panguva imwecheteyo, kuchinja kwakakosha kwepamusoro kwakaitika mubasa remasangano aya. Kunyanya kukosha kwaiva nemigumisiro yemabasa emafirimu. Mushure mokubatana kweAlma-Ata, Leningrad neMoscow studios, Kazakhfilm yakaumbwa. Zvinyorwa zvenyika zvaive zvekukosha kwekuda nyika. Magamba eKazakhstan panguva yeHondo yePatritic Patriotic yakaimbwa nevatenzi vakadaro saAuezov, Shukhov, Snegin, Jabaev. Vamwe vanyori vakanga vari ivo pachavo.

Mutsigiro kune mberi

Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War yakagadzira Defense Defense. Icho chaisanganisira zvipo zvokuzvidira zvevagari veRepublic. Muna Gumiguru 1943, huwandu hwayo hwakawana rubles mamiriyoni 185.5 nemari uye mamiriyoni 193.6 inokosha yezvisungo. Mushandirapamwe wokutenga matangi nemashamba emvura akatanga. Kugovera hondo Kazakhstan munguva yeGreat Patriotic War yakatumira mamiriyoni 480 rubles. Izvo zviyero zvemupiro we republic pamwe chete nemari yekubhadhara chikwereti pazvisungo, lotti uye mamwe emari inokwana kusvika mabhiriyoni 4,700 rubles. Iyi mari inogona kuvhara mari yakananga yehondo kwevhiki mbiri.

Kutanga kwekutanga kwemuvengi

Kubva pamazuva okutanga ekurwisana pamativi ose, hondo yeSoviet, iyo mazana ezviuru zveKazakhs akarwisana, akarwisa hondo dzinotyisa nemafascists. Miganhu yacho yakatanga kuuraya. 485 kunze kwemauto, izvo zvakapa kuchengetedzwa kwemiganhu, zvakadzivisa kuparadzwa kwemuvengi. Vadziviriri veBrest Fortress vakaratidza kusimba kusingaoneki. Vamiririri vemarudzi anopfuura makumi matatu eU.SR vakanga varipo mune zvidziviriro. Masoja eLieutenant Naganov akarwisana noushingi paTiraspol tower. Muhondo iyi Turdyev naFursov, mauto ehurumende yeKazakhstan, vakazviratidza ivo pachavo. Pakati peHondo yeGreat Patriotic, mauto ehurumende akarwa munharaunda yeLithuania, Estonia neLatvia vakakurudzira kupikisa kwevadzivisi.

Hondo yeMoscow

Hondo yeSoviet, kukurira matambudziko, yakakwanisa kwete chete kurarama, asi, yakabatanidzwa, kuti ipe kukundwa kukuru kune muvengi muhondo pedyo neguta. Basa rakakosha mukurwisana kwakaitwa ne 316th Division pasi pehutungamiri hwa Major-General Panfilov uye Commissioner Yegorov. Vashandi vakashandura hutsinye hwekurwa kwevavengi. Nyika yose inoziva chisingafi uye chema10th regiment fighters, avo vakakwanisa kuparadza motokari makumi mana nemasere, vasina kurega iyo kumabvazuva. Yakanga iri iyo murayiridzi wezvematongerwo enyika Klochkov akataura mutsara wakabhururuka mberi: "Russia yakakura, uye hapana nzvimbo yokuenda, kuMoscow iri shure." Kushinga kurwisa mauto e 316th Division. Panguva yekurwa, General Panfilov akaurayiwa. Kubwinya kwakasimba uye hutsinye muhondo yeMoscow zvakaratidzwa nemauto ehurumende pasi pomurairo waKarpov uye nehondo iyo iri pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaBaurdzhan Mamyshli. Hondo iyi yaiva nemuvengi, uyo ane simba rakapetwa kaviri. Kwemwedzi wose hondo dzinotyisa dzakarwa. The Panfilovs vakakwanisa kukunda mazana mana eGermany. Izvo zvemauto hazvina kusiyiwa pasina kutarisa hutungamiri hwenyika. Nokuda kwesimba rakaratidzwa, 316th Division yakashandurwa ikava 8th Guards Division uye yakapa Mutemo weRebhan Banner. Pakukumbira kwevarwi vehondo, akakurumidza kunzi mushure memutungamiriri wevakafa.

Heroic mabasa

Kutaura nezvehondo dziri pedyo neMoscow, mumwe haagoni kubatsira asiyeuka hutsinye hweTulgen Tokhtarov. Sezvo apinda muzinda wefascist chikamu muBorodino, akakwanisa kuparadza vakuru vemaGermany mashanu. Tulgen Tokhtarov akagamuchira zita regamba shure. Boka revarwi vehondo, rakarayirwa naMalik Gabdullin, rakakundwa nematangi eFascist uye musasa kubva kumasvingo akadzingwa. Nokuti iyo ye feat mutungamiri wezvematongerwe enyika wekambani yakapiwa musoro wegamba. Ramazan Amangeldiev akaurayiwa pedyo neguta riri pedyo neSerpukhov, pamahombekombe eOka. Uyu mudiki-mhondi akauraya vatatu veGermany muhondo yake yekupedzisira muupenyu hwake. Amangeldiev aive pasi pemauto mu 238th division. Nokugadzikana mukudzivirirwa nekugadziriswa munguva yekushushikana, sangano uye kurangwa, iri kupatsanurudza kwakagamuchira Mutemo weRebhan Banner uye yakashandurwa muna 1942 kuvaVarindi.

Kurwisana neLeningrad

Kubvira pakutanga kwaSeptember 1941, vaKazakh vakabatanidzwa mukushingaira kwekuvhara. Kunyanya, hondo yakarwiwa ne 310th Rifle Division, uye ipapo 314th Division, yakaumbwa muKazakhstan. Vagadziri vakakwanisa kukuvadza zvakanyanya muvengi. Varwi vakabatanidzwa mukusunungurwa kwemiganhu inopfuura makumi maviri munharaunda yeLeningrad, pakupa ruzivo ne "nyika huru", uye vakaisa "nzira yeupenyu" pamwe chete nemamwe masoja. Munguva yehondo, Party organizer Baimagambetov akadzokorora iyo yeMatrosov. Nokuda kweizvi iye akapiwa zita rechigamba. Ushingi uye hupamhi hwekudzidzisa zvakaratidza mauto eBaltic Fleet. Mutungamiri Admiral Tributs, mutsamba yake kune vanhu veKazakh, akaratidza kuonga kwakanyanya ku republic kuvanhu vaakakurira, vakapemberera hutsinye hwevane fighters, ushingi hwavo uye simba. Ipamusoro pabasa rakaratidzwa muhondo dzeguta pamusoro pemukuru weNeva weKobabagarov. Mukuzviisa kwake kwaiva nhengo yechishanu yekambani ye 1236th regiment ye 372nd Infantry Division. Varwi vakakwanisa kukurumidzira mberi, kuti vaite ndima mumasvingo evengi uye vadzivirire bhenker. Mutungamiri weKobabagarov ndiye akanga ari wokutanga kupinda mumasango, achiita kuti varwi vasara shure kwake. Chikamu chechitatu chekuumbwa kweKazakhstan chakarwa pedyo neLeningrad.

Guerrilla movement

Pasinei nekushinga nekusimudzira kwakaratidzwa nevarwi vepamberi, hondo mumatunhu ekutanga yakasuruvara zvikuru kune veSoviet vanhu. Kubva pamazuva okutanga ehondo, musangano wegandara wakavapo. Pamusana pehutano hwahwo uye sangano rakanaka, pamwe nekugadziriswa kwezvirongwa zvemabasa eSoviet, yakagamuchira chinangwa chinokosha. Muchikwata chekuparadzanisa kwaive kune zvakawanda zveKazakhs. Saka, mumasvingo eLeningrad maive nemapoka mazana maviri, muSmolensk nzvimbo - kupfuura mazana maviri nemakumi mashanu, muByelorussia neUkraine - vanenge zviuru zvitatu.