Antiochus Cantemir: Biography. Works Antioha Dmitrievicha Kantemira

Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir - mumwe chakajeka kwokufananidzira syllabic nemagariro panguva (ichatonga zvine mbiri mabhuku asati Lomonosov kuchinja). Akanga kwakakwana unhu, vaiita kwete mabhuku, asiwo zvematongerwo enyika; akabata nedzenyu mbiru pasi Catherine I. Ngatitorei kuzivana pedyo ne basa rake uye Biography.

Antiochus Cantemir: pfupi Biography

Antiochus akaberekwa muna 1708 mumhuri dzoumambo pamwe nemidzi Romanian. baba vake, Dmitry K., mubati Moldavian weutungamiriri, uye mai vake, Cassandra, nhengo yemhuri yekare uye anokudzwa pakati Cantacuzino. Akaberekwa uye akapedza makore okutanga oupenyu hwake muna Constantinople (zvino Istanbul), uye ari chitubu 1712 mhuri yakatamira Russian Empire.

The mhuri Antiochus Kantemir aiva gotwe. Paiva 6 vana: 4 vanakomana 2 nevanasikana (Maria, Smaragd, Matthew, Sergei, Constantine neAndiyokiya). Vose dzidzo yakanaka kumba, asi chete gamba redu vakatora mikana uye akaramba kurovedza yeGirisi necheSalvic Academy. Nemhaka kushingaira uye nyota zivo, Prince Antiochus Cantemir akava mumwe kupfuura chinoziva uye mberi vanhu muzana remakore rechi18!

Apedza, wechiduku Antiochus akabatana Preobrazhensky chemazana chehondo, uye nokukurumidza akasimuka kuti chinzvimbo mureza. Mumakore aya (1726-1728 gg.), Akapinda yunivhesiti hurukuro Bernoulli uye Gross ari Russian Academy of Sciences.

mabasa rokutanga munyori

Kutanga nzira okusika munyori panguva iyoyo, apo vanhu yaiitwa zvinorwadza pavakanzwa kuturika ari kuchinja Peter I. Antiochus pachake waiva muteveri tsika naPetro, saka muna 1727 akabatana boka, iyo inotungamirwa Feofan Prokopovich. Mabasa ake takava simba guru izvi paruzhinji mashoko.

The wokutanga basa rake rakanyorwa somunhu rinobatsira kuti ndima yemubhaibheri uye nemapisarema, rainzi "Symphony reMapisarema kuti". Muna 1726 iye akapa chinyorwa chake Catherine I, sechiratidzo tichimuremekedza. Zimai riri kufadzwa nemashoko ake, uye zvinyorwa akadhindwa makopi 1000.

The yakakurumbira bhuku Cantemir

Gare gare, akatanga kushandura siyana dzimwe mabasa, kunyanya - rinoshandurwa kubva French. Yakakurumbira basa, izvo anotenderwa rive muturikiri guru - shanduro Fontenelle. Antiochus Kantemir kwete chete akazadzisa nomazvo retelling rinonzi "The hurukuro pamusoro kusiyana nyika", asi vaitiwo chikamu pachake pfungwa dzayo uye mashoko. Pasinei nokukurumidzira bhuku munyika dzakawanda dzeEurope, kuRussia, mabasa ake akanga wakarambidzwa Empress, nokuti zvichipomerwa chinopesana nheyo dzetsika uye chitendero.

Antiochus Cantemir: mabasa satire

Andiyoki anonzi muvambi mabhuku mhando ichi, sezvo imwe satire. nhetembo yake yokutanga kushoropodza vatsoropodzi Sciences. Mumwe mabasa yakakurumbira ndiye "To vondituka dzidziso. To pfungwa dzake," mubasa iri, iye Zvinoshamisa rinotaura vaya vanozviti "Varume vakachenjera", asi "muna Zlatoust kana kunzwisisa."

The kutumbuka rake rokusika basa kwakaitika mumakore 1727-1730. Muna 1729, rimwe rose dzinotevedzana pavo satirical versification akasikwa. Total 9 akanyora satires, heano kupfuura yakakurumbira vavo:

• "Kuna godo kwamachinda zloenravnyh" - nokunyomba vakuru, avo vakanga varasikirwa zvakanaka maitiro ake yepakutanga uye kure seri tsika.
• "On musiyano kwevanhu kunonyadzisa" - yaiva yorudzii shoko kuna Bhishopi Mukuru Novgorod, iro pachena zvivi uye kuchiva vatungamiriri vechechi mukuru.
• "Mufaro The yechokwadi" - mabasa evanyori Antioh Dmitrievich Kantemir hurukuro pamusoro mubvunzo husingaperi oupenyu uye anopa mhinduro "chete vakaropafadzwa muupenyu huno ndiani kugutsikana nezvishoma uye kurarama murugare."

mamiriro mabasa

Kunyanya muchinda satirical kwakakonzerwa ake pachake zvitendero. Prince Antiochus Cantemir akanga akavimbika zvokuti kuRussia uye vanhu Russian akada, kuti chinangwa chake chikuru chaiva kuita zvose zvavo zvakanaka. Iye tsitsi ose kuchinja Peter I, uye mambo pachake zvikuru airemekedzwa nokuda kuita dzidzo kukura. pfungwa dzake dzose akataura pachena mune zvaakanyora. The chikuru chinoratidza nhetembo dzake uye ngano dzamutswa diatribes, mabasa ake azere kutsvinyirwa uye kushaya soperezhevany akasuwa pamusoro kuderera vazhinji ramunoita zvikuru Peter I.

Vamwe vanoti Antiochus Cantemir, ane Biography zvakare kufunga veruzhinji mabasa, akakwanisa kusika chakadzama enyika satire chete kuburikidza ruzivo sezvo mumiriri England. Zvaiva imomo kuti awana zivo zvikuru nemamiriro ehurumende, pakuzivana mabasa makuru Western Kujekerwa: okugadzira zvinhu Horace, Juvenal, Boileau uye Persia aiva rakakura riri basa rake.

State basa Antioha Kantemira

Cantemir Andiyoki Dmitrievich (Biography hwakada zvakanyatsobatana akatendeuka pfungwa iri munhoroondo Russian Empire) aiva mutsigiri kuchinja Peter I, saka muna 1731 iye akataura pamusoro bhiri, izvo zvinganaka kuti ndipe vanokudzwa kodzero enyika. Zvisinei, iye ainakidzwa nyasha Empress Anny Ioannovny, yava vakabatsira zvikuru kuparadzirwa mabasa ake.

Pasinei hwake, Antiochus Kantemir akakwanisa vabudirire zvikuru paruzhinji zvenyika. Ndiye akabatsira Empress kutora nzvimbo yake yakakodzera sezvo vamiririri Supreme Council kuronga Danho nevapanduki. Antiochus Cantemir akaunganidza vakasaina vazhinji vakuru uye nevamwe vakuru nemapoka akasiyana, uye ipapo pachake vakaperekedza Trubetskoy uye Cherkasky muna Empress Palace. Nokuti mabasa ake akanga akapa vane mari uye basa nedzenyu mumiriri England.

nedzenyu pamisara

Pakutanga 1732 aine makore 23, akaenda kuLondon kuti aite mabasa ane nedzenyu mugari. Pasinei kushaya mutauro unyanzvi uye kushaya ruzivo, akakwanisa kuita kubudirira zvikuru mukusimudzira zvinodiwa Russian Empire. The British pachavo kutaura nezvake somunhu akatendeseka uye akanaka zvematongerwo enyika. Interesting chokwadi: aiva wokutanga Russian nhume ari kumadokero nyika.

Mumiriri England akashumira naye nedzenyu chikoro chakanaka, uye pashure 6 makore dzebasa London, akatamisirwako kuna France. Akakwanisa kuvaka ukama hwakanaka zhinji French nhamba: Maupertuis, Montesquieu nevamwe.

1735-1740-ies vakanga chaizvo unorema vari Russian-French ukama, paiva kuzvipokanidza siyana, asi nemhaka kuitwa Cantemir, nyaya zhinji zvakagadziriswa kuburikidza Nhaurirano murunyararo.

Fate mabasa

In zvose akanyora anenge 150 mabasa, ramakagadzwa pane satirical nhetembo, ngano, epigrams, odes uye shanduro kubva French. Ivo achiripo kusvikira nhasi, asi dzimwe shanduro yake huru vakarasika. Pane kufungidzira kuti vaparadzwa ndeimwewo.

Somuenzaniso, kuti achiri asingazivikanwi zvichaitirwa zvinyorwa "Epictetus", "Tsamba Persian" uye dzimwe shanduro dzakawanda dzaiti French kupinda Russian.

Vamwe mabasa ake Antiochus Cantemir akasaina pasi zita Hariton Makentin kuti ane anagram zita rake uye remhuri. Aidada basa rake, asi ivo havaoni chiedza: pakanga varasikirwa mapeji ose acho.

mabhuku nhaka yake inopfuura zana nemakumi mashanu mabasa, kusanganisira 9 satirical versification, 5 nziyo (ode), 6 ngano, 15 epigrams (3 iyo vanonzi "manotsi Autobiographical", uye vanomirira zvikamu zvitatu chete chigadzirwa), shanduro dzinenge 50, 2-3 shanduro zvikuru mabasa kubva French vanyori vaiva vairarama Cantemir.

Chii mupiro chakaitwa Antiochus Mumabhuku Russian?

kukosha kwake munhoroondo kukura uye inotungamirwa Russian yekare, uye mabhuku ano, zvakaoma kuona. Mushure dzose nyaya yakamutswa pamabasa ake, inoshandawo nhasi: .. Kwidza nyaya vashumiri simba, zvisiri pamutemo zviito machinda vomumhuri dzavo, etc. Cantemir ndiye tateguru mabhuku akadaro, somunhu satire. Mumwe angabvunza chii chaigona kuva vasingafari muchinda titular, uye icho akanyora satire? Mhinduro iri zvaakanyora, umo akaziva kuti chete pfungwa yacho mugari wechokwadi anopa iye ushingi anyore anobaya mwoyo satirical mabasa akadai. Sezvineiwo, shoko "mugari" akashandurwa sezvaari pachake Cantemir!

Pambiru nhume muParis aiva inokanganisa utano hwake, waiva kare simba nokuda mumwe youduku chirwere - chibhokisi. Zvinosuruvarisa Cantemir aifanira kutsungirira refu uye inorwadza. Akafa muParis muna 1744 aine makore 37. Akavigwa St. Nicholas Greek wemamongi, riri muMoscow.