Kuongorora kwezvinhu zvekuRussia maguta. Zvinetso zvezvisikwa zveguta

Vazhinji vedu kamwechete kamwe muhupenyu hwangu vakanzwa nezvemaonero akadaro sehuwandu hwezvakatipoteredza zveRussia maguta. Zvisinei, izvi hazvishamisi. Mushure mezvose, pasinei nezera, chikwata chemhuri, chikoro chekudzidzisa uye basa, tinoda kuzvikudza pamusoro penzvimbo yakachena uye tisingafungi nezvehutano hwemangwana revana vedu. Ndicho chikonzero hupenyu hwemunharaunda hwacho hunokosha zvikuru munyika yanhasi. Muchikamu chino ndichaedza kuzokurukura izvi uye zvimwe zvimwe nenyaya zvakadzama.

Chikamu 1. Kuongorora kwezvinhu zvekuRussia maguta. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu munyika

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, ruzivo rwehuwandu hwakawanda rwakaratidzwa, zvichiratidza mamiriro ezvinhu asingasviki mune zvakatipoteredza munyika yedu. Mukuwedzera, maererano nemigumisiro yezana remakumi maviri nemaviri, maguta anopfuura mazana maviri akafananidzirwa asina kukodzera hupenyu nekuda kwehupamhi hwemhepo uye kusvibiswa kwemvura.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti mhedzisiro yevose-shanduro yeRussia "Mitsvina yakasviba", yakagadzirirwa kuvandudza mamiriro ezvakatipoteredza, yakanga isingakoshi, sezvo kubviswa kwemarara yakasvibiswa kwakaitwa pasina kubudirira zvishoma. Zvinotarisa kuti matambudziko ehupenyu hweguta racho haazoperi munzira ipi zvayo, zvakare, inowedzera zuva rega rega.

Nzvimbo dzekugadzirwa kwezvikwata dziri panzvimbo yekutanga munyaya yezvinotyisa zvikuru pasi. Saka, semuenzaniso, nhamba dzinoratidza kuti muRussia yeRussia zvinenge 90% zvezvirwere zvinosangana nematambudziko emapapu, izvo zvinoratidza zvakare kukwirira kwematambudziko nemamiriro ezvinhu ezvemamiriro okunze munzvimbo dzakashambadzira.

Izvo zvakavawo kuzivikanwa kuti rutivi rweNorway, kunetseka nezvekusvibiswa kwakaoma kwezvakatipoteredza, munguva ichangobva kugoverwa mari yakawanda yakawanda kuti ishandise zvigadzirwa zvisina kushandiswa zveimwe yemiti muguta reNickel, iri paKola Peninsula.

Chikamu 2. Zvikamu zvitatu zvekushungurudzika kwezvakatipoteredza munyika

Zvinosuruvarisa, nyika yedu yeguru, yakafuma uye yakanaka haigone kunzi kutaridzika kwakatipoteredza kwehupenyu. Mamiriro ezvinhu anorwadza ezvakatipoteredza muhurumende munzvimbo anowedzera kukosha kwayo. Kudzoka muna 1989, masayendisiti akaunganidza mapepa chaiwo eRussia nemaguta, zvichiratidza mamiriro ezvinhu ezvisikwa panguva iyoyo. Iyo iyo ndiyo USSR, uye saka nyika yedu, yakakamurwa kuva nhatu nharaunda nehuwandu hwekusvibiswa, iyo inofanirwa kuongororwa zvakadzama:

1. Njodzi. Izvi hazvikwanisi kunzi kuve kuwanda kwekuwedzera kwema radionuclides muKyshtym weChelyabinsk. Hazvigoneki kuti ani nani acharamba kunyanya kuderera kwezvinhu zvemaguta eRussia ari munzvimbo ino.

2. Dambudziko. Iyo inobatanidza nemabasa anoshingaira ekugadzira mafuta uye kushandiswa kwemiti, pamwe chete nemakambani ekushanda (Kalmykia, Arkhangelsk region, Priangar, Middle and Lower Volga nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakasiyana).

3. Nenguva pfupi. District Chernozem, kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumadokero kweEurope chikamu chenyika. Kuyera kwemaguta ekuchenesa kwezvisikwa muRussia kunoratidza kuti iri munharaunda iyi inonyanya kunakira uye zvishoma nezvayo inobatanidza nehutano hwehutano.

Chikamu 3. Ndiani ari kukanganisa?

Zvisinei, "chiremera" chekuwedzera kukanganisika kwezvakatipoteredza hakusi kungobuda kwemabhizimusi chete, asiwo magasi emotokari, iyo inofananidzwa ne40% yekusvibiswa kwose.

Nhamba dzeRospotrebnadzor dzisingatauriki dzinoratidza kuti gore rimwe nerimwe kukosha kwemaguta eRussia pamusoro pezvisikwa zvipenyu hakushanduki kune zviri nani, uye kutakura motokari kunokwana matani 13 ezvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye vanopfuura 58% yevanhu vemagetsi vanokanganiswa nemafungiro akaipa emhepo yakasvibiswa.

Chikamu 4. Norilsk - guta rakaipisisa muRussia

Nhamba yezvakasvibiswa tsvina maguta muRussia inonyadzisa zvikuru. Nhasi, masayendisiti haatotori mifananidzo yakajeka pamusoro pehupenyu mune zvinenge zvisingagamuchirwi kubva pano maonero eNorilsk.

Nehuwandu hwevanhu vanosvika zviuru makumi maviri chete, guta rinobatanidzwa mukubviswa kwemashoko ose etafura ye periodic, kutanga nemhangura uye kuguma ne iridium. Kubva pamiromo yezvesayenzi kazhinji inogoneka kunzwa izwi rinoreva kuti Norilsk iri pedyo nenjodzi yezvakatipoteredza. Uye kwete chete.

Zvinotyisa zvinoratidzira zvinoratidza kuti chiyero chekutarisira upenyu hwevarume makore makumi mashanu, nekuda kwevakadzi, zvishoma. Bronchial asthma, kenza, zvirwere zvepfungwa uye zvepanyama mumucheche - zvinokonzera kudarika kwezvinhu zvinokuvadza. Carbon dioxide yakagoverwa 2% yezvisikwa zvepasi rose!

Uye izvi zvinongova mune rimwe guta iro rine nzvimbo yakaderera, kana mumwe anofungidzira kuyerwa kwemaguta eRussia mune zvezvisikwa.

Chikamu 5. Zvimwe ngozi Dzerzhinsk

Mamiriro ezvinhu muDzerzhinsk, Nizhny Novgorod nzvimbo inogona kukuvadza kwete chete vagari veguta, asiwo guta guru reVolga yose. Nei izvi zvichiitika? Ndechipi chikonzero?

Ichokwadi ndechokuti kunyange pano panguva yekutonga kwaN. Khrushchev, zvombo zvemakemikari zvakagadziridzwa, zvichienderana nei phenol, sarin uye zvinopisa zvinokanganisa vanhu nezvemazuva eCold War.

Asi hazvisi zvose. Mabasa ezvino, sekunge mazuva ano uye mabhizimisi emabhizimisi emabhizimisi eguta racho haasiwo nzira yakanakisisa inokanganisa hupenyu hwezvinhu zvakasikwa muDzerzhinsk.

Chikamu 6. Hakusi zvinhu zvose zvakaipa!

Zvisinei, tinokurumidzira kukuvimbisai kuti mepu yezvakatipoteredza yeRussia nemaguta haisi yekutadza sezvinogona kuonekwa pakutanga, asi hazvina kukodzera kuora mwoyo zvakadaro.

Nhasi, basa rezvakatipoteredza rinofamba, pasinei nekufamba kwakanyanyisa. Tinopa data tsanangudzo. Saka, pakuverenga mushumo "Pasi munharaunda nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zveRussian Federation" muna 2013 zvakanzi, somuenzaniso, Solikamsk yakabviswa kubva kune mamwe maguta akaipisisa muRussia. Asi ichiri nemaguta 123.

Zvinyorwa zvezvakatipoteredza zveRussia maguta zvinoratidza kuti nzvimbo dzakasvibiswa zvikuru dziri Astrakhan, Samara, Ulyanovsk uye Sverdlovsk, nzvimbo yeChuvash republic, Khakassia, Krasnoyarsk Territory.

Muruwa Murmansk, Novgorod, Kirov, Omsk uye Leningrad, pamwe neNorth Ossetia, inonziwo yakachena.

Chikamu 7. Ko kukosha kwemaguta akachena zvakachena muRussia kunoti chii?

Kwete kare kare, Mutevedzeri weMutungamiri weZvenyika uye Ecology yeRussia Rinat Gizatulin akapa urongwa rwemaguta ayo, maererano nevashandi veMusangano, ndiwo anonyanya kushamwaridzana nenyika. Iyi gungano inosanganisira mazana mapfumbamwe nemadhora ane vanhu vanopfuura hafu yemamiriyoni. Zvinoshamisa kuti Moscow inotora nzvimbo inokudzwa 4 mairi. Guta rakachena rakanzwisiswa seguta guru reBashkortostan - Ufa.

Kuongororwa kwakaitwa zvikuru pamusana pehutano hwemhepo nemvura, pamwe chete nemutemo unovimbiswa nehurumende dzenharaunda dzinotarisira kuchenesa guta ravo kubva pakasvibiswa.

Wekupedzisira mune zvakanyorwa ndeyeAstrakhan, Barnaul naMagadan. Munzvimbo dzakawanda izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti zviremera zvezvivako izvi zvakanyatsorega chikumbiro chekupa iyo inofanirwa kuongorora, izvo zvinoreva kuti zvakaoma kutora chero chirevo pamusoro pavo nhasi.

Chikamu 8. Ko Moscow iguta rakachena here?

Pasinei nekuti guta guru rehurumende riri panzvimbo yechina pakati pemaguta akachena muRussia, asi guta guru harisi nzvimbo yakachengeteka.

Zvisinei, panguva yemazuva ano, mutemo wezviremera muMoscow neMoscow Muganhu unopa kunyatsocherechedza hurumende yezvakatipoteredza munzvimbo dzakasiyana.

Saka, somuenzaniso, "Mosecomonitoring" inoparadzira zvinyorwa pamusoro pemamiriro enyika, ivhu, mvura uye masango, uye zvinoratidzawo simba rekuchinja. Mobile ecolabatories pakarepo uye pakutanga kukumbira kupindura kumhan'arira kubva kune vagari. Nekuda kunyanya kushandiswa kwemabhizimusi, kuongorora kunoitwa zuva rega rega.

Nokudaro, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti muMoscow nhasi mamiriro ezvinhu ose akadikanwa akasikwa kuti atarisire mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakatipoteredza.

Chikamu 9. Ufa - guta rakachenesa muRussia

Sezvatotaurwa pamusoro apa, kutevera zvawanikwa muna 2013 Ufa rava guta rakanakisisa kune hupenyu kubva pane zvakasikwa zvekuona.

Kune deta isingataurikiki, maererano nezvinodiwa neBashkortostan semutungamiri asingakanganisi muhutano hwemhepo, mvura inoshandiswa, nekuchengetedzwa kwenyika. Zviratidzo zvinoshamisa mumativi ose.

Mukuwedzera, Bashneft munaOctober wegore ino yakatanga imwe itsva yekushambidza mweya inobereka hydrogen yakachena. Uyezve, haisi chete iyo inobatsira pamhepo yepamusoro, asi inowedzerawo hutano hwezvinhu zvinokonzerwa nepetroleum huchibudiswa pamhizha.

Zvinosuruvarisa, kwete zvinhu zvose zvakafanana sezvatinoda. Sei? Chinhu chacho ndechokuti kwete kare kare Ufa vakuru vakuru vakanga vaita chisarudzo chakanaka kuvaka chando chekutema miti chinonzi Kronoshpan. Zvingaita sezviri, uye mabasa, uye mbeu yako, uye zvigadziriswa kumabhadharo emunharaunda hazvirevi.

Zvisinei, vakuru vakuru vane mamwe masimba havanzwisisi kuti mabasa emichero anogona kukonzera kukanganisa kwakanyanya mumvura. Kubudirira kwevashandi, nhengo dzemagariro ezvakatipoteredza uye kunyange kutonga kwematare, zvinosuruvarisa, hazvizokanganisa kuvaka, iyo inofanira kutanga nokukurumidza. Asi kana Ufa ichanyatsovhenekera nechikomborero chegoridhe mumamiriro emaguta akachena, zvakaoma kunyange kufunga.