Leninabad region, Tajikistan: madunhu nemaguta

Yemazuva ano Sughd nzvimbo yeTajikistan, iyo nzvimbo yepamusoro yeguta reKhujand, kusvika muna 1991 yakanzi Leninabad nzvimbo yeTajikistan, nzvimbo yaro yepamatunhu yainzi Leninabad.

Geographical location

Mamiriro ezvinhu, kubva pakuona kwematongerwo enyika ezvematongerwo enyika, anowanikwa muLeninabad region (Tajikistan), inofungidzirwa kuti inobatsira, pasinei nokuti nzvimbo yacho haina kukwanisa kugungwa. Kunyange zvakadaro, kubudirira nekubudirira kweKhujand kwakabatanidzwa nenharaunda yaro. Ndiye chete guta rinotambanudza pamhenderekedzo yeRwizi rukuru rweCentral Asia - Syr Darya - uye yakanga iri kumativi ose eGreat Silk Road. Izvi zvakabatanidzwa mukusimbiswa kweukama hwebhizimisi nenyika dzakabudirira yeEast uye West kumazuva ekare.

Leninabad region (Sughd) yakakomberedzwa nemakomo emakomo eTien Shan uye Gissar-Altai. Kubva kuchamhembe kune maruva eKuramin uye Mogoltau makomo, kumaodzanyemba - muTurkestan uye nemakomo eZeravshan. Muganhu neKyrgyzstan uye Uzbekistan. Pakati peKuramin neTurkestan mahara ndiyo nzvimbo yekumadokero yeFerghana Valley, iyo nzvimbo yacho iripo.

Panharaunda yaro mune nzizi mbiri. Iyo yeSyr Darya yakakura uye Zeravshan muCentral Asia, iyo inotangira kugomo reGracier rine zita rimwe chete. Zeravshan zvose uye zvigaro zvayo zvine zvokudya zvakanaka kubva mukunyunguduka kwemagetsi, mvura huru yemvura. Yakashandiswa kunwisa mabani.

History of Khujand

Khudzhand kwezviuru zvemazana ndiyo yaiva pakati pekubudirira muCentral Asia. Nzvimbo yeguta yakabatanidzwa mukukurumidza nekukurumidza nekubudirira. Ancestor yemaguta ekare, akadai saSamarkand, Khiva, Bukhara, akaita chikamu chakakosha pakuvandudzwa kwenharaunda iyi yeCentral Asia.

Kupfuura kwacho kwakapfuura neGreat Silk Road. VaKhujand vatengesi, vachidzoka vachibva kunyika dziri kure, havana kuunza zvigadzirwa zvekumavirira, asiwo ruzivo. Guta racho rakabudirira, zvekurima uye zvipfuwo zvaive basa guru revagari vemunzvimbo dzakapoteredza. Matanho akaumbwa maari. Trade yakatora nzvimbo inokosha.

Mumwe mupfumi wekumaodzanyemba, yakaramba ichipinda nevasviki, avo vairota kukunda nekuipamba. Asi nhoroondo yakachengetedza uchapupu hwekukunda kwepurovhinzi nemauto eAlexandro Mukuru, uyo akachengetedza guta uye akabatsira pakukura kwayo. Akagamuchira zita idzva rokuti Alexandria Eshata (Extreme).

Kuuya kweMongol-Tatars kwakamuparadza zvachose kubva pachiso chePasi. Asi guta racho rakadzorerwa zvakare. Izvi zvakarongedzwa nenzvimbo yake yakanaka.

Sechikamu cheMambo weRussia

Mazana emakore akapfuura, guta racho rakarega zvishoma nezvishoma mukurudzirwa uye rakatanga kutamba basa risina basa, rezvematongerwo enyika muhupenyu hweCentral Asia. Nzvimbo inotungamira yaitorwa naSamarkand, Bukhara, Kokand. Vagari vakashanda mune zvekurima, uye chete chikamu chiduku chinoshandiswa mumishonga, kunyanya kupfeka machira esilika.

Muna 1866 Khujand yakakundwa neuto reRussia ndokubatanidzwa muRussia Empire. Kuvakwa kwechitima kwave kuchifemera hupenyu hutsva. Yakava pakati penzira yemigwagwa ichibatanidza Fergana, Zeravshan nemipata uye Tashkent oasis.

Vashandi vevashandi vezvitima, injinjini yekuvaka uye kushandiswa kwezvitima zvezvitima vakatumirwa kuguta. Pamwe chete navo vanachiremba uye vadzidzisi vakauya. Chikoro nechipatara zvakazarurwa. Zvikwata zviduku zvemabhizimisi zvinyorwa zvakaonekwa. Izvi zvakatungamirirwa nemasikirwo emasikirwo, kunyanya mafuta, zvisiri zvesirivha.

MuUSSR

Pasinei nekufambira mberi kweguta racho, yakaramba iri shure kweMambo weRussia nemabhizimisi mashomanana, kunyanya kuisa. Chikuru chikuru cheLeninabad nzvimbo chakasvika kuSUSSR. Makambani makuru matsva akanga achivakwa, vekare vakavakwazve. Vashandi vakakodzera vakauya kunharaunda: injini, vashandi, vanachiremba, vadzidzisi, masayendisiti akadzidza zvisikwa zvenyika. Zvikoro, zvipatara, zvikoro zvevashandi zvakasvinudzwa, izvo zvakadzidzisa vashandi vatsva, kusanganisira avo vanobva munzvimbo iyoyo.

Guta reKhujand rakanzizve Leninabad. Yakava nzvimbo yehutungamiri, ruwa rwakave nemaguta gumi nemapurani ekugadzirwa kwehupfumi uye makambani. Panharaunda yenharaunda yacho yakatanga kupisa mazimbe, mafuta, zinc, mutungamiri, tungsten, molybdenum, antimony uye mercury. Yakawanda yemigodhi uye yekugadzirisa mabhizimisi yakavakwa. MuLeninabad yakavakwa chikafu chikuru chezvisikwa zvesilika.

Zvinodarika chikamu chetatu chemhando dzose dzezvigadzirwa zvemabhizimisi ehurumende dzakapiwa neLeninabad. Tajik SSR mumunhu wayo yakagamuchira mutungamiri wehupfumi uye wezvemari.

Misha yeLeninabad (Sugd) nzvimbo

Kutenda kumisha iri munharaunda yaro, nzvimbo dzinotungamirira mumutungamiri weTajikistan dzaive dzichitorwa neReninabad. Maguta akabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwawo aiva nemabhizimisi makuru emabhizimisi, mamwe acho akanga akasiyana.

Pakazara, nzvimbo yacho yaiva nemaguta 8, kusanganisira Leninabad. Vakawanda vavo vane nhoroondo yekare uye vakaita basa rinokosha mumakore apfuura. Yakawanda yemaguta yaiva tsvina yemabhizimisi yeLeninabad nzvimbo:

• Istaravshan (Ura-Tube). Icho chiri munzvimbo dzezvikomo zveTurkestan Range mumakiromita 78 kubva kumatunhu eharaunda. Anogara mairi 63 zviuru zvevanhu.
• Guta reIsfara, riri munzvimbo dzezvikomo zveTurkestan range paRwizi rwaIsfara. Kune vanhu zviuru makumi mana.
• Kayrakum (Khojent). Inowanikwa munharaunda yeKarakum ganda. Kune vanhu zviuru makumi mana.
• Guta rePenjikent riri paZarafshan River, pakakwirira mamita 900 pamusoro pegungwa. Vagari vanosvika 36.5 zviuru zvevanhu.

Khujand

Leninabad, mazuva ano Khujand, rimwe remaguta akanaka kwazvo muFerghana Valley. Yakagadzirwa nemakomo anoputika, yakazara nezuva, ichidonhera muminda uye maruva, ioasis chaiye. Siria Darya uye gorosi reKarakum rinoita kuti mamiriro acho ezvinhu ave munyoro, uye kumaodzanyemba kupisa kunoshandiswa nyore nyore. Makomo anozvidzivirira kubva kumhepo inopisa inotyisa muzhizha uye kubva kunotonhora kwechando.

Guta reLeninabad neLeninabad rakapiwa imwe yenzvimbo dzinotungamirira muhupfumi hweTajik SSR, iyo yakaita kuti vabudirire. Zvivako zveguta zvaive zvichikura. Zvivako zvitsva zvekugaramo, zvikoro, zvipatara, chechiergergens, dzimba dzemaitiro, mitambo yemitambo yakavakwa. Guta rakazarura sangano rezvidzidzo, zvikoro zvakawanda zvekorosi uye makoroji. Kuti uvandudze kutakura, mitero yeTrolleybus yakaiswa.

Kunyanya kwakabhadharwa kune zvivako zvekuvakwa, basa rokudzorera rakaitwa. Munharaunda yeguta kugadzirwa kwezvinochera matongo kwakaitwa. Iyo Museum of History uye Local Lore, iyo yemitambo yemamhanzi yakatanga kuzarurwa. Botanical Garden yeChikamiro cheTajik SSR yakatangwa.

Leninabad akava iyo nzvimbo yekushanda yeCentral Asia. Nhamba huru yemabhizimisi makuru akashanda: kubatanidzwa kwemajasi esilika, grenade, kamba yekotoni, girasi reglasi, electrotechnical plant, mukaka nemasitini, uye nezvimwe zvakawanda.

Taboshar Town

Panharaunda yenharaunda iri duku duku muguta reTaboshar. Nyika yeLeninabad (Tajikistan) ine misha yakawanda nemataundi, ayo aiva nehutano hunokosha hweUSSR. Pedyo neTaboshar pane zvakawanda zvakachengetwa zveo polymetallic ores zvine kunyanya zinc uye mutungamiri, pamwe chete nesirivha, ndarama, mhangura, bismuth uye zvimwe zvese zvakagadzirwa kubva kwavari.

Pedyo nepo pane "dump tailing" - kuvigwa kwemarara ekugadziriswa kweares. Pano, makore anopfuura makumi maviri, yakabudiswa uranium, iyo yakashandurwa muChkalovsk yakatarisana. Muguta kubvira muna 1968, "svondo rekumavirira" rakashanda, kwavakagadzira zvikamu uye injini dzezvombo zvehondo. Iye zvino ivo vanogadzikana, sezvo nekuparadzwa kweU.SR vakawanda vevagari varo vakatamira kuRussia nedzimwe nyika. Guta racho raigara nevanhu vanodzingwa kubva kuWestern Ukraine, kuBaltic uye kuVolga Germans.

Guta nhasi rine 13.5 000 vagari vemo, vazhinji vavo vasingashandi. Pane imwe nguva yaiva guta rakazara, rakanaka uye rakanaka rine mabhirikiti, maruva ari pamberi pejindu, uye mukati megore guta rakange rakavigwa muhuzha hwemaapuriko emaruva, pamusoro peiwo mapuruguru nema dragonflies akapararira.

Chkalovsk

Leninabad Mining and Chemical Combine, yakavakwa muna 1946, yakabereka guta rinonzi Chkalovsk. Leninabad nzvimbo yakagamuchira imwe guta mukugadzirwa kwayo. Nhasi kune mararamiro evanhu zviuru makumi maviri. Mushure mokuputsika kweU.SR, vanenge 80% vekare vaigara vakasiya nzvimbo.

Miti yacho haina kupa guta chete, asiwo kune yekutanga atomic reactor uye yekutanga yeSoviet atomiki bhomba, iyo yakange yakafukidzwa nekugadzira uranium yakawanikwa pamuti. Zvinhu zvakasvibirira zvakabva pane zvose zvinyorwa zveCentral Asia uye Fergana Valley, iyo yakawanda.

Panzvimbo yeguta racho guta rakanaka rakavakwa, umo vaivaki nevashandi vomuti wacho vakagara. Nekukurudzirwa kwayo, kugadzirisa zvakare kwakawedzera, iyo yakapiwa nzvimbo yeguta muna 1956. MuChikvsk kwakange kune zvikoro zvakanakisisa, chechiergergens, polyclinics, ma cinemas uye kunyange mabhii maviri.

Kudonha mumarima uye maruva, nechinangwa chekugadzirisa-guta iri rakarangarirwa nevagari varo, vakasiya iro. Mamiriro eBuston iye zvino, zita iri rakagamuchirwa munguva yedu, rinosiya zvakawanda zvingadiwa. Kana imwe nguva mabhizimisi ane simba asingashande, dzimba hadzina mvura nguva dzose, dzinowanzobvisa magetsi, izvo zvinoita kuti vakasara vagari vasiye nzvimbo yavo yekugara.

Dunhu reLeninabad nzvimbo

Nzvimbo yenzvimbo yeLeninabad, iyo Syr Darya neZarafshan nzizi , gungwa reKarakum rakagadzira mamiriro akanaka ekurima. Munharaunda yose yenharaunda mune minda neminda, iyo iyo miriwo miriwo inokura. Kunyange muSoviet nguva dzinoshandiswa kugadzira michero nemichero zvakagadzirwa pano. Kune zvikamu 14 zvezvirimwa munharaunda. Pasi pane urongwa hwezvikamu uye nhamba yevagari (zviuru zvevanhu):

• Aininsky - 76.9;
• Asht - 151.6;
• Bobo-Gafurovsky - 347.4;
• Devastich - 154.3;
• Gorno-Matchinsky-22.8;
• Jabbar-Rasulovsky - 125.0;
• Zafarabad - 67.4;
• Istaravshan - 185.6;
• Isfara - 204,5;
• Kanibadamsky - 146.3;
• Matchinsky - 113.4;
• Penjikent - 231.2;
• Spitamensky - 128.7;
• Shahristansky - 38,5.

Nzvimbo inotungamira mukugadziriswa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvipfuwo muRipublic yakagarwa naLeninabad Oblast, iyo nzvimbo dzaive dzakabatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemukaka, nyama - ichi ndicho chinangwa chikuru chezvipfuwo. Munzvimbo dzomumakomo, vanodziridza mbudzi nemakondohwe. Kunyanya kubhadhara kunobhadharwa kukura kwekotoni.

Khojent district

Renaming haina kupfuura uye iyo yakakura, ruwa rweKojent. Nenyika yeLeninabad yakava nzvimbo yakanakisa, guta reLeninabad rinonzi Khujand, reKhojent rakanzi Bobo-Gafurovsky. Nzvimbo yayo yekutungamira ndiyo Gafurov kugadzirisa.

Nharaunda iri muFirgana Valley uye ndiyo yakagadzirwa uye yakakura mune zvekurima muLeninabad (Sughd region). Kumusoro, muganhu wayo unopfuura neTashkent, kumaodzanyemba - neKyrgyzstan. Panharaunda iyi pane muti mukuru weginning uye mabhizimisi maduku.

Nharaunda iyi inobatanidza nzvimbo yepamunharaunda, saka inotarirwa kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa. Inopa vagari venyika yeKhujand nemiriwo nemichero, iyo yakawanda munharaunda, pamwe chete nemukaka nenyama.