"Nhamo kubva zvaiti": nhoroondo Comedy

The yakakurumbira yemudzimu A. S. Griboedova ndiye akakurumbira mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti". History kwezvisikwa kutamba ichi chaizvo kuoma. Munyori wemitambo akanyora izvozvo kwemakore akawanda. About sei izvi zvikaitika, ichakurukurwa munyaya ino.

A zvishoma pamusoro munyori

Long zvakakwana kunyora kutamba "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Nhoroondo mutambo zvakazoonekwa ndatenda refu saizvozvo chaizvo basa A. S. Griboedova. Chokwadi, mabhuku basa rakanga kure ake chikuru basa. Alexander aiva muenzaniso chaizvo chipo munhu. Nechekare mumakore gumi nerimwe akanga mudzidzi ari Moscow University. Mumakore 13, Griboyedov aiva anoda kubhabhatidzwa philology, asi haana kusiyiwa zvidzidzo ake uye kudzidza madhipatimendi maviri nomukurumbira: tsika-enyika uye mumuviri-akarongeka. Griboyedov zvakakwana Inoziva mitauro gumi. Akanyora mumhanzi ndikazviita amene zvakakwana pamusoro piyano. Alexander aiva nebasa Wenyika, akava Russian mumiriri Iran wokutanga akafa pakudzivirira zvinodiwa Yababa.

A asingakanganisi pachisikigo, Griboyedov honed mabasa ake chaiko pakukwana. Akangwarira restyling kwave kuchiita uye "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Nhoroondo zvakasikwa zvinopa uchapupu ichi. Nhoroondo yakanyorwa bhuku achapiwa kusimuka pazasi. isu First nokutarisa Pfupiso yebhuku yakakurumbira kutamba.

Zano Mabasa

Chokwadi chero Russian munhu anoziva kuti kuvapo mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti". History of nezverangano mabasa vanozivikanwa kure zvishoma dzedu vomunyika. Saka chii anoti mutambo wake Griboyedov? Murume wechidiki weimba mavambo (Chatsky) pashure penguva refu asvika muMoscow kusangana mudiwa wake - Sofia. Zvisinei, iye vanoribvisa chando chaizvo. Iye ari rudo nemumwe murume - Munyori Molchalin. Chatsky anoedza kukanganisika chikonzero vasingakendengi Sofia. Uchitsvaka mhinduro yake mubvunzo kakawanda akashanyira musha anodiwa kwababa vake - munhu mukuru mukuru Famusov. Pano, iye akatarisana pamwe vamiririri Moscow revatongi muvanhu, zvakawanda vanoomerera kuchinja maonero. Vapererwa pasava noushamwari Sofia Chatsky inotanga kureva kumupomera kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura. It anoenda chaizvoizvo vechikamu vese Comedy. Several kunyomba Phrasen vaiswe Molchalin kugadzirisa Sofia kurwadziwa zvokuti vakaparadzira nerunyerekupe kuti Chatsky kupenga. nhau iyi anova ruzhinji. Panoperera iri mutambo Sofia anodzidza pamusoro utsinye Molchalin uye Chatsky - a kusavimbika wake anoda. Famusov rinovhura chokwadi chose pamusoro mwanasikana wake achifambidzana munyori. Iye rikawira hanya makuhwa anogona kupinda muguta. Sofia anomhanya kuti Molchalin. Chatsky wakaora kusiya Moscow. Ndiwo zvarongwa yakakurumbira kutamba.

patani

History kwezvisikwa "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" yakatanga kusvika 1816. Yakanga, maererano S. N. Begicheva, Griboyedov kwakasimbiswa munhu ine zano Comedy. Ndadzoka rwendo kunze, Alexander akaenda rokunyika bato uye akashamiswa kuti uta vose vatorwa kuna Russia. Iye pakarepo akapa romoto diatribe pane chakakonzerwa namaneja ari kunyumwira kuti kupenga. Kuti vatsive pedyo revatongi vanhu, ndakasarudza kunyora Comedy Griboyedov. Akanga Kazhinji panguva evanhu zviitiko, balls uye soirees, apo akaunganidza zvinhu nokuda basa rake.

rokutanga reShanduro

Basa chinyorwa mutambo zvimwe kwakatanga 1820s. Pandaishanyira muna Tiflis, Griboyedov akanyora zvidimbu zviviri vanoita "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Nhoroondo pakusikwa basa raramba muna 1823, muMoscow. Munyori rakanga pazororo, kupinda evanhu zviitiko uye vowana matsva nefemero. Izvi zvakaita kuti akwanise kuva zvimwe zvikamu zviri mutambo, kwangopera ataurwa Georgia. Rakanga panguva ino akasikwa romoto kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura Chatsky "Vatongi ndivanaani?". Muzhizha 1823, musi yavatezvara S. Begichev apera wechina uye wechitatu anoita chigadzirwa. Zvisinei, munyori haana kufunga mutambo wake wakakwana.

kuenderera

Pakupera 1823 uye kutanga 1824 kwave kuchiita chikuru kuchinja mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Nhoroondo pakusikwa basa rakaramba. Griboyedov unochinja, kwete chete rwezuva. Vakashandura zita huru hunhu: kubva Chad, akava Chatsky. A mutambo, ainzi "nhamo pfungwa", vakagamuchira rokupedzisira zita rayo. Muzhizha 1824 muSt Petersburg, Griboyedov akaita akaita chinhu chinoshamisa restyling wokutanga shanduro basa. Zvinonzi pamwe kushanduka Chiito yokutanga (Chatsky kupa vamwe mukana wokutaura, nhaurirano uye Lisa Sofia muchiroto protagonist), uye akaisa mukati chokupedzisira mutambo chiitiko pakati Molchalin tsanangudzo uye Sofia. yokupedzisira shanduro kutamba "nhamo kubva zvaiti" zvakanyorwa mumatsutso 1824. Nhoroondo pakusikwa basa iri raifanira magumo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuitika.

Chimiro mazita

Muna mutambo pakarepo vaiva nedambudziko racho. Kusenza haana kurasikirwa scandalous basa. History kwezvisikwa "nhamo kubva vaiti", asi kupararira pakati kuverenga paruzhinji, akaramba. Vachitarisira kubudisa zvisikwa zvavo, Griboyedov akakurudzira kwaita shanduro ruoko-akanyorwa. The kupfuura chiremera wavo anonzi zhandrovsky Pamazita (vaiva ne A. Legendre), rakanga Fixed ruoko Alexander Sergeyevich. Paivawo bulgarinsky - nesimba kuti azvigadzirise manyoro kopi kutamba, akasiya munyori muna 1828 VF Bulgarin. The Peji pamazita ndiwo akanyorwa Griboyedov kuti "nhamo dzangu uchitirayiridza Bulgarin ..." Munyori aitarisira kuti simba uye enterprising wenhau vachakwanisa kubatsira zviri Bhuku "Nhamo kubva zvaiti". Nhoroondo mutambo ikagara Pisarsky makopi basa. Dzimwe nguva yashanduka zvichienderana zvaunofarira evoruzhinji.

bhuku rokutanga

Muzhizha 1924 Griboyedov akaedza kudhinda Comedy ake. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvisiri nyore kuwana mvumo kubudisa "nhamo kubva zvaiti". History of pakusikwa kutamba akaramba ari mabasa kusenza dhipatimendi. Muna December 1924, zvikamu zvemashoko yechitatu uye vokutanga zvikamu mutambo asi kuona chiedza. Aidhindwa pamusoro mapeji Anthology rinoti "Russian Talia." Zvisinei, mashoko rave yekudyidzana kunoderedza uye "akachema" pedyo aongororwe. Too ushingi mashoko vatambi vari kutsiviwa "hakukuvadzi" uye kwavakarerekera. Saka, rinozivikanwa wokuti, "Anofanira kunge nevamwe" akanga kugadziriswa kuti "It anofanira kuva vamwe mupfungwa." Vakanga risingabatanidzwi wenyaya anotaura mabasa "hurumende," uye "chiso namambo wacho." Zvisinei, kunyange chimiro ichi mutambo bhuku bombshell. Pushkin akayeuka kuti mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti" Griboyedov pakarepo akaita mumwe vaitungamirira vadetembi nguva yake.

The mberi njodzi chigadzirwa

Mumakore upenyu munyori uye kwete zvakazara shanduro kutamba rakabudiswa. History kwezvisikwa "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" riri pamusoro, asi kusenza wakavarambidza kupararira mutambo pakati vaverengi. muna 1831 chete akasunungurwa zvizere shanduro chigadzirwa. It yakabudiswa German muguta vanotozvifarira. Muna 1833 muMoscow pamwe dzakawanda kusenza mabhiri mutambo yakabudiswa Russian. Chete muna 1862, azere shanduro yemunyori mabasa yakabudiswa Russia. Scientific bhuku mutambo kuitwa inozivikanwa mutsvakurudzi Piksanov NK muna 1913. "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" yakabudiswa bhuku uzere zvedzidzo ndaitora yechipiri inoshanda Aleksandra Sergeevicha Griboedova.

chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo zvesimba

Chaizvo ushingiwo uye kukamura uchishandisa akashandura mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti". Nhoroondo pakusikwa basa kwakaoma, asi kwete zvishoma kunakidza ndiyo zvaitika zvesimba vake yemitambo. Kwenguva refu, kusenza haana kurasikirwa nayo. Muna 1825, imwe kundikana kuedza kuita kutamba muSt Petersburg, padariro Theater School yave ashandiswe. Mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti" akanga kufanorongwa muna Erivan muna 1827. mudzidzi vatambi ayo akaita - vatariri Caucasian Corps. A. S. Griboedov aivapo mutambo. Muna 1831, pamwe kudzokororwa kwemaBhaibheri ekare akawanda uye kusenza mabhiri mutambo wakanga kuridzwa padariro muMoscow uye St. Petersburg. Chete muna 1860 kugadzirwa "Nhamo kubva zvaiti" rwaiitwa pasina kurambidzwa.

mhedziso

Very refu nyaya mutambo "nhamo kubva zvaiti". History chokusika, pfupiso chigadzirwa havagoni kupa mufananidzo wakakwana pakati shasha zvisikwa ichi. Griboyedov akasika zvinopfuura chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo mutambo. Akasika munhu Manifesto chaiyo, umo akaratidza maonero ake kwete evanhu uye zvetsika zvine nyaya evanhu vemazuva ano, asi pamusoro upenzi uye ungwaru nyaya, "normality" uye upengo. Ndiani, kana kwete Aleksandru Sergeevichu, kuziva zvakawanda sei kushungurudzika kunogona kuunza pfungwa ukuru pamusoro vamwe vanhu. Akanyorera mutambo inotiudza kusurukirwa uye kuora mwoyo nani murume, kudzipwa nokushayiwa kunzwisisa vamwe. Mupfungwa iyi, rine tsaona subtext "nhamo kubva zvaiti". History zvisikwa uye mubasa chigadzirwa rinokosha iri ngaiteerere uye kunyatsoongorora.