Gagarin anotizira munzvimbo: zvisingazivikanwi nezvechiitiko chinokosha chezana remakore rechi20

Nenzira inofadza yeGagarin muchivako ichiri kukonzera mibvunzo yakawanda, mhinduro dzacho dzisingasaruri.

Kutanga kwekutanga kwemunhu mumatenga kwaizoitika kare

Makore mashomanana akapfuura, vatsvakurudzi vakakwanisa kuziva kuti Yuri Alekseevich anofanira kunge akapinda muvhu kwenguva yekutanga kwete kubwinya kwaEpril zuva, uye mwedzi mishomanana isati ya-munaDecember. Izvi zvakataurwa muSarudzo yeCentral Committee yeCPSU uye Council of Ministers yaOctober 11, 1960. Kutanga kwe "East" munguva yechando kwakadzivirirwa nengozi yakaipisisa: musi waOctober 24, mauto emasoja ane mafuta aiputirwa kuBaikonur, asati atanga. Somugumisiro, vanhu 268 vakafa, kusanganisira Marshal Nedelin. Vanhu vazhinji chaizvo vakapisa vapenyu. Pamusana pekuti iyo Komisheni yeHurumende yakasiya zvose zvinoedza kuongorora chiitiko ichi, Gagarin kutizira kune imwe nzvimbo yakasarudzwa.

Iyo midziyo yakanga yakatendeka chete ne50%

Zvinonzwisisika, mumaSoviet nguva iyi ruzivo rwakanyatsovanzwa. Zvisinei, nhamba dzinozvitaurira pachedu: kubva pamatambudziko matanhatu anotanga ayo akatangira kutangwa kwemunhu munzvimbo, zvitatu zvaive nemigumisiro yakaipisisa. Musi waMay 15, 1960, pasi pegore Gagarin asati apinda munzvimbo, ngarava yakatangwa nekuda kwekushaya simba kwehutano hwemamiriro ehurumende haina kuburukira pasi, uye inoramba ichibhururuka kusvikira mazuva edu. Svondo 23 wegore rimwe chete, pakutanga pakutanga, dombo rakaputika, paive imbwa Krasavka uye Damka. Musi waDecember 1, mutambo wacho wakanga wakabudirira zvikuru: imbwa Bee naMushka vakachengetedza kutanga, asi nekuda kwekuti nzira yekuderera pamagumo ekubhururuka yakanga yakareba, chikepe chacho chaipiswa pamwechete nemhuka dzaiva mairi.

Uye izvi hazvirevi chokwadi chokuti njodzi dzaitika kwete kwete muvhu chete asiwo paNyika: panguva imwe yezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, V. Bondarenko, mubvunzo wechidiki mudiki wekodmonaut, akaurayiwa muimba yega yega.

Nzvimbo yekutanga yekusimudza inogona kutora Titov

America haigoni kuramba iri kure uye nesimba rose rayo rakaedza kuita kuti munhu wekutanga atange kupinda mukati. Miedzo yakanga ichizara, kunyange zvakadaro, kumadokero pane imbwa, vatasvi vemabhiza vaiva mbongoro. IUnited States yakanga yakamirira nomwoyo wose musi waMay 2, 1961 - yakanga iri zuva ranhasi iyo yakakosha kutanga kutanga yakatanga kuziviswa. Zvisinei, Sergey Korolev haana kubvumira muAmerica kuti ave munhu wokutanga kupinda munzvimbo. Pasinei nehuwandu hwe50/50, iyo haina kupa chero chivimbo chokuti Yuri aizodzoka ari mupenyu, kutanga kweSoviet spacecraft yakagadzwa masvondo mashomanana yapfuura. Mumazuva iwayo, pfungwa yekutsvaga Gagarin, uyo aiva nevanasikana vaviri vaduku, neHerman Titov asina mwana, akafungidzirwa zvakanyanya . Zvisinei, Korolev akasimudzira pakusarudzwa kwaAri Yuri Alekseevich uye, mumashoko ake pachake, kwehupenyu hwake hwose aizvikudza kuti akanga asina kukanganisa mukusarudza kwake.

Mumaawa makumi maviri ekutanga ekubhururuka, cosmonaut yaiva pangozi huru

Pakupedzisira, waiva musi waApril 12, 1961 - zuva raGagarin kutizira munzvimbo uye chimwe chezviitiko zvinokosha zvezana remakore rechimakumi maviri. Dambudziko guru raive rakavanza pacharo chaizvoizvo kutangwa kwe rocket. Chirongwa chekutiza ndege chaifunga nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekununura astronaut pamatanho akasiyana-siyana. Kunze kwemashure makumi maviri ekutanga. Muchiitiko chekuputika kwemotokari yekutangira, sachigaro Yuri Yurikseevich ingadai yakave yakagadzirirwa kusvika yakakwana kukwana kuzarura parachute. Izvo zvaiva nokuda kwechinangwa ichi kuti "chirongwa chekuponesa kusinganzwisisiki" chakaumbwa, chakanga chiine varume vana vakuru vainge vakagara pedyo nekutanga mune imwe nzvimbo yekugara uye vakange vane nyota yakawanda yakagadzirwa. Kana njodzi yacho yaitika, vaifanira kusvetuka kubva panzvimbo yekuvanda ndokubata chimoni sezvinoita vabati vemoto vanobata vanhu vachikwira kubva kumusoro kwezvivako zvinopisa.

Vane hurumende vakagadzirira kuteterera vatatu kuvanhu panguva imwe chete

Hapana munhu aive nechivimbo chekuti Gagarin kutiza kune nzvimbo yaizobudirira. Nokudaro, kune TASS, zvikumbiro zvitatu zvakagadzirirwa: kana chiitiko ichi chibudirira, yechipiri - kana chipfeko chacho chisingakwanisi kupinda mumugumisiro, uye chechitatu - nezvekufa kunotyisa kwe cosmonaut.

Kudai pakanga pane dambudziko rinenge riri kunze kwepakati, semugumisiro wekuti motokari dzinokanganisa dzaizoramba, chikepe chacho chaizoramba chichiri munzira yePasi. I "East" yakagadzirwa nenzira yakadai mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro ngarava inogona, "kubatanidza" kumucheto wepamusoro wemhepo, kunonoka pasi kufamba uye kugadzikana pasi kana kuputika pane imwe nzvimbo. Zvisinei, izvi hazvizoitika muawa imwe, asi musi we7-10. Kumugumo uyu, gadziriro yemvura, zvokudya uye mweya zvakasikwa, izvo zvinofanira kunge zvakave kwemazuva gumi.

Nengozi yakavhiringidzawo mukuti, pasinei nekucheka kwemazuva nemazuva ekugadzirira, kwakasara mukana wekuparara kwepfungwa-psychic mune astronaut. Kuzvidzivirira izvi, Gagarin akarayirwa kuti arambe achitaurirana nePasi. Uye akazviita zvose 108 maminitsi ekutiza kwake.

Rocket yaiva chishamiso?

Pasinei nekuvimbiswa kwevatongi veSoviet, kutanga uye ndege yacho pachayo yakanga isiri kufamba maererano neurongwa. Kazhinji paiva nemamiriro ezvinhu akawandisa. Semuenzaniso, pakutanga chaiyo rocket kuvhara senjere haina kushanda. Nemhaka yeizvi, maminitsi mashomanana vasati vatanga vadziki vaifanira kubvisa, uye vobva vadzosa kumashure makumi maviri nemakumi matatu nemapfumbamwe pachivharo chechivharo. Ipapo pakanga pane kukundikana pahurukuro yekukurukurirana. Panzvimbo pechiratidzo "5" kamwe-kamwe wakaenda mufananidzo "3", izvo zvaireva kuti chikepe chacho chaiva nenjodzi. Nzvimbo yakazara yakanga isina kuparadzaniswa kwenguva yakareba, iyo inogona kutungamirira kumoto we rocket, zvombo zvepacesuit zvakanamirwa uye Gagarin haana kugumburwa nechishamiso, paakaburuka chikepe chakatanga kuparara zvishoma ...

Zvisinei, ndege yacho yakaguma kubudirira uye ikava chimwe chezviitiko zvinokosha zvikuru munhau yeCold War pakati peSUSR neUnited States, uye munhoroondo yevanhu vose sevanhu vose.

Zvikanganiso nekutarisa kwe "East" zvakavigwa kwemakumi emakore akawanda mumutsara

Vakuru veSoviet vakati Gagarin akanga asvika munzvimbo yakasarudzwa. Ichokwadi, masayendisiti akadzokorora kanoverengeka uye hapana chimwe chezvigumisiro chave chakarurama. Chaizvoizvo, Yuri Alekseevich akauya, achizvidzivirira kubva muchikepe munzvimbo yeSaratov. Vanhu vokutanga vakaona cosmonaut vaiva Anna Takhtarova, mudzimai wemutungamiriri, uye muzukuru wake Rita. Achiona murume ari sutu isingazivikanwi, mukadzi mutana aitya pakutanga, asi cosmonaut akamuvimbisa, achidanidzira achiti: "Ini, yangu, Soviet!"

Nokudaro Gagarin anoenda kunzvimbo yakapera. Gore negore rechiitiko ichi - Kubvumbi 12, 1961 - pasina mubvunzo, yakaratidza kutanga kwemamiriro matsva munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kwevanhu.