Zvikonzero zvekuuya kweUnited States kuIraq. Nyaya yehurumende yekuUnited States, kurasikirwa muIraq

Hondo muIraq yava imwe yezvakakosha zvakapesana zvehondo yezana remakore rechikutanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, zvinotarisirwa uye kusagadzikana kwehondo iyi zvisati zvave zvakavanzika. Ngatiedzei kusunungura tangle yezviitiko izvi. Saka, ngationei kuti chii chakanga chiri chikonzero chekuuya kweUnited States kuIraq uye kuti basa rehondo raive richienderera sei.

Prehistory

Kutanga, ngatitangei zvishoma mumucheto wekukonana uku.

Saddam Hussein akava mutevedzeri weIraq muna 1979, kunyange zvazvo chaizvoizvo akaisa mumaoko ake matambo ekutonga nyika nguva refu zvisati zvaitika. Masimba ake akanga akaenzana nekudzvinyirira. Hapana nyaya inokosha munyika ino inogona kugadziriswa pasina kubvumirana nemutungamiri wenyika. Mukurwisana nekupikiswa uye nguva dzakasimuka Kurds, Hussain akashandura kudzvinyirirwa uye kutambudzwa, izvo iye akatopupura pachena. Mukuwedzera, humwe hunyengeri hweHussein hwakatanga kukura muIraq.

Iko kare muna 1980, uto reIraq rakatanga kupindira kweruwa reIrish rweKuzestan, saka kusunungura hondo yeIran-Iraq. Zvinoshamisa kuti muhondo iyi zvose maU.S. uye USSR yakatsigira Hussein. Asi pakupedzisira, hondo yakaguma muna 1988 isina chinhu, nokuti, maererano nemitemo yorugare, nyika mbiri dzakachengeta chimiro chei.

Chiitiko chitsva Saddam Hussein akatanga muna 1990, paakatora Kuwaiti uye akaiendesa kuIraq semapurovhinzi. Panguva ino, zvose zveU.S. uye USSR yakapomera zviito zve mutungamiri weIraqi. Uyezve, United States, ichitsigirwa neUnited Nations, yakaumba hurumende yepasi rose yakashora Hussein. Nokudaro ndiko kwakatanga hondo yekutanga muIraq, kana, sezvainonzi mune imwe nzira, hondo muPersian Gulf. Kubatana kubva pamazuva okutanga ekurwisana kwakabatsira zvikuru, nekuda kwekuti yakashandisa mazuva ano.

Icho chakanga chiri chibvumirano chakanaka chinoshandiswa neUnited States. Kurasikirwa muIraq kwemauto ekubatana kwevanhu vaiva pasi pevanhu 500, asi nhamba yevakafa mumauto eIraq yakauya makumi ezviuru zvezviuru. Somugumisiro, Hussein akakundwa, akamanikidzwa kusunungura Kuwaiti, zvakanyanya kuderedza hondo. Mukuwedzera, dzimwe nhanho dzakawanda dzakaiswa munyika, izvo zvaifanira kutadzisa mauto eIraq.

Zvinenge zvose makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemazana makumi maviri ezana remakumi maviri nemazana emakumi mashanu ekupikisa kwepakati peIraq neU.SA yakawedzera. VaAmerica vaigara vachitsoropodza Hussein yekushandisa kudzvinyirira kupikisana nevashori, pamwe chete nekuwanikwa kwezvombo zvisiri pamutemo. Kunyanya mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera mushure mokunge Hussein akadzinga UN mucherechedzo muna 1998, izvo zvaifanira kutarisa kuti Iraq yakanga isina zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru. Nyika yakanga iri pedyo nehondo itsva.

Zvinotarisirwa uye zvinokonzera hondo

Iye zvino ngatimboongororei zvakajeka kuti chii chaiva chikonzero chekuuya kweUnited States kuIraq.

Chikonzero chikuru chekupindira kwevaAmerica muIraq chaiva chido cheAmerica kuti vawane hukuru hwavo munharaunda. Zvisinei, zvinenge zvichiitika kuti mitezo yekutonga yaitya kuti Hussein zvechokwadi aive nekugadzira zvombo zvekuparadza kwakawanda, izvo zvingatongotungamirirwa neUnited States, kunyange zvazvo vakanga vasina uchapupu chaihwo hweizvi. Zvisinei, dzimwe nyanzvi dziri muzvinyorwa zvezvikonzero zvinoita kuti kutanga kweUnited States kurwisana neIraq zvakare kunodana ruvengo rwomunhu weMuAmerica George W. Bush kuna Saddam Hussein.

Chikonzero chairo chekupinda kwacho kwaiva munyori wehurumende yeUnited States State Colin Powell muna February 2003 wehupupuriro paUnited Security Council kuti Iraq yakagadzira zvombo zvekuparadza kukuru. Sezvazvakazoitika gare gare, humwe humwe uchapupu hwakapiwa hwakanga husina maturo.

Chiratidziro chekubatana

IUnited States haina kubudirira mukuwana mvumo kubva kune Security Council kushandisa simba muIraq. Kunyange zvakadaro, kutonga kweAmerica kunokanganisa izvi uye kwakatanga kugadzirira kuitika.

Vakakumbirawo rubatsiro kubva kune vashandi vavo veNATO. Asi France neGermany vakaramba kutsigira kuUnited States kuAraq pasina zvirango zveUN. Asi Britain, Poland neAustralia vakaratidza kuti vakagadzirira kutsigira US nemauto ehondo.

Mushure mekuparadzwa kwehurumende yeHussein, dzimwe nyika dzakabatana neCalliance: Italy, Netherlands, Ukraine, Spain, Georgia. Kusiyana, Turkey yakabatanidzwa mukurwisana muna 2007-2008.

Nhamba yose yevarwi vezvakawanda zvekubatanidza kwenyika dzakawanda yaiva vanhu vanenge 309 zviuru, 250 000 vavo vaiva US servicemen.

Kutanga kwekupinda

Hondo yekuUnited States muIraq yakatanga musi waMarch 20, 2003. Kusiyana ne "Denga Dutu", panguva ino sangano rakaronga basa guru. Kunyange kuramba kweTurkey kugovera nharaunda yaro yezvakaipa hazvina kudzivirira izvi. United States yakapinda muIraq kubva kuKwaiti. Sangano reAmerica riripo kare munaEpril, risina kurwisana, rakagara muBaghdad. Muchiitiko ichi, Iraq yekutengesa ndege yakanga isina kunyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa muvengi kunorwa. Chikamu chinoshingaira chekuvadza chakapedzwa mushure mokutorwa kweguta reTikrit pakati pemwedzi iwoyo.

Nokudaro, nzvimbo huru dzekugadzirisa muIraq pakuguma kwemabasa ekutsvaira dzaitungamirirwa nehurumende yakatungamirirwa neUnited States. Kurasikirwa muIraq kwemauto eAllied panguva iyi kwakasvika 172 masoja akaurawa uye 1 621 akakuvadzwa. Mauto eIraq ane mauto akarasika anenge anenge 10 000 vanhu vakaurayiwa panguva yekushandura kwekubatana kwevanhu. Zvishoma zvishoma zviduku zvaiva pakati pevanhu vasiri vanhu.

Pachikamu chekutanga chehondo, mauto eUnited States muIraq akakunda kukunda kunogutsa. Zvisinei, zvaisafanira kwete kungobata nharaunda yacho, asiwo kukwanisa kuitora kusvikira hurumende yakavimbika kune veAmerica yakaumbwa muIraq, iyo inogona kuchengetedza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika iri pasi pekutonga.

Iyo imwezve nzira yemhirizhonga

Mushure mokukundwa kwemauto ehurumende munyika yacho akatanga kuronga sangano revarume. Yakabatanidza kwete chete mauto, akavimbika kuna Hussein, asiwo vamiririri vemapoka akasiyana-siyana evaIslam, kusanganisira avo vari pedyo neAl-Qaeda. Mitsara yevadzidzisi vainyanya kuiswa mune izvo zvinonzi "Sunni triangle", iyo yakanga iri kuchamhembe-kumaodzanyemba kweguta guru reIraqi.

Dzimba dzevaparidzi dzakaparadza zvivako zvekugadzirisa, zvakagadzirirwa kutambudzwa kwegandanga, dzakarova mavhinga pamakamuri akasiyana ehutano hwakatungamirirwa neUnited States. Kurasikirwa kweshamwari dzakabatana muIraq kwakawedzerwa munguva iyi. Vakawanda vevakafa uye vakakuvadzwa vaiva varwi vakanga vafuridzirwa nemashandisirwo akashandurwa asina kunaka.

Munguva iyi, pakupera kwa2003, Saddam Hussein akatorwa mumusha weIraq. Dare rakabatwa pamusoro pake, pamutongo wekuti mutongi wekare aive akaurayiwa pachena muna 2006.

Civil War

Zvichakadaro, muna 2005 sarudzo dzakaitwa muIraq. Mushure mokubata kwavo, vaShiites vakauya kuzotonga. Izvi zvakakonzera kuwedzera kwekupemberera pakati pevanhu veSunni venyika, izvo zvakakurumidza kuva chiitiko chinogona kunzi hondo yehurumende.

Mukuwedzera, mafuta akawedzerwa pamoto nezvitadzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaitwa nemunhu oga weuto reUnited States kana kunyange nemakamuri ese eUnited States Army. Kurasikirwa muIraq, zvose pakati pevarwi uye pakati pevanhu vasiri vanhu, vave vachiwedzera nguva yose, uye hondo yevagari vemo yakasvibiswa nemasimba matsva.

Izvi zvakakonzera kusagutsikana kwete muIraq chete, asiwo mukati mevanhu veAmerica. Vakawanda vemuUnited States vakatanga kuenzanisa kushanda kwenguva refu kweIraqi neHondo yeVietnam. Kurasikirwa kuri kuwedzera kweUnited States Army muIraq kwakatungamirira kukuti VaRepublican vakakundikana muChishanu chisarudzo, vakarasikirwa nevakawanda mumhuri mbiri idzi.

Kusimbisa masangano echiIslam

Munguva iyi, kana pakutanga kupikisa muIraq kune simba rekuita basa rekubatana kwaive kwakanyanya kana kusatsigira kwechitendero chevanhu, muna 2008, masangano akasiyana-siyana eIslam, kazhinji ehupenyu hwegandanga, akazova mutungamiriri weboka rehurumende.

Nenguva mushure mekuuya kweUnited States kuIraq, mabasa ehurumende yemagandanga "Monotheism neJihad" pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaAl-Zarqawi vakatumirwa kunharaunda yenyika ino. Mushure mekunge imwe nguva, yakapoteredza iri sero, vazhinji veimwe machechi eIslam ehurumende muIraq akabatana. Muna 2004, mutungamiri weMonotheism uye Jihad akapikira kuvimbika kuna Usama bin Laden, uye sangano rakanzizve "Al-Qaeda muIraq."

Muna 2006, al-Zarqawi akaurayiwa semugumisiro webhomba reAmerica ndege. Asi asati afa, iye akanyanya kubatanidza mapoka eIslamist eIraq. Pamusoro pekutonga kwaAz-Zarqawi, Mutungamiri weMujahideen muIraq wakasikwa, kunze kwe "Monotheism neJihad", iyo yakaisanganisira mamwe masangano akawanda. Imwe mushure mekufa kweAl-Zarqawi, mugore rimwechete ra 2006, rakarongedzwa zvakare muIslamic State of Iraq (IGI). Uye izvi zvakaitwa pasina kubvumirana nehutungamiri hweAl-Qaeda. Ndiyo sangano iri mune ramangwana, mushure mokuparadzira simba rayo kune chikamu cheSiriya, chakazvarwa patsva muGIL, uye zvakare muIslamic State.

Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, munguva yeAmerica pabasa iri muIraq, vaIslam vakawana simba guru muna 2008. Vaitonga guta rechipiri guru reIraq - Mosul, uye guru ravo raiva Baquba.

Kuzadzikiswa kwebasa reUnited States muIraq

Kurasikirwa kwakawanda kweU.SA muIraq kwemakore gumi, panguva iyo hondo yakaramba ichienderera mberi, pamwe nekusimudzika kwezvakaitika munyika iyi kwakaita kuti tifunge nezvekwanisi yekubvisa chibvumirano chepasi rose kubva munharaunda yehurumende.

Muna 2010, mutungamiri mutsva weUnited States, Barack Obama, akasaina chirevo pamusoro pekudzoka kwemauto makuru eUnited States kubva munharaunda yeIraq. Nokudaro, gore iro vanhu mazana maviri vakadzingwa. Vaya vakasara makumi mashanu nemazana emakumi mapfumbamwe vaifanirwa kubatsira mauto ehurumende itsva yeIraqi kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu munyika. Asi ivo vakagarawo zvishoma muIraq. MunaDecember 2011, vakasara makumi mashanu nemazana emasoja vakabviswa kubva munharaunda yenyika. MuIraq, maiva nevarangi veuto 200 chete vaimiririra United States.

Nokudaro, musi waDecember 15, 2011, hondo muIraq kune veAmerica yakaguma nemauto.

Kurasikirwa kweUnited States Army

Iye zvino ngationei kuti mauto eAmerica akarasa sei simba ravo uye zvombo zvehondo munguva yekushanda muIraq, iyo yakatora anenge makore gumi.

Simba rekubatana kwenyika dzakawanda rakarasikirwa nehuwandu hwevanhu 4804 vakaurawa, avo varwi 4 423 vaimiririra US Army. Mukuwedzera, 31 942 vokuAmerica vakakuvara nekusiyana kwakasiyana. Izvi zvinyorwa zvinotarisa zvose zvose kurwisana uye kwete-kurwisana kukasarudzwa.

Kuenzanisa: panguva yehondo hondo ye Saddam Hussein yakarasika makumi ezviuru zvevarwi akaurawa. Kuverenga kwekurasikirwa kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, magandanga nemamwe masangano akarwa nehubatanidzwa haagoni kuitika zvachose.

Iye zvino tinoverenga kurasikirwa kwekombiyuta yeUnited States muIraq. Munguva yehondo, vaAmerica vakarasikirwa matangi 80 emuenzaniso weAbrams. Kurasikirwa kweUnited States mafirimu muIraq kwaivewo kwakakosha. Ndege gumi dzemuAmerica dzakadururwa pasi. Vane motokari F-16 uye F / A-18 vakatambura zvikuru. Mukuwedzera, 86 maAmerican helicopter akadururwa pasi.

Mamiriro acho mushure mokubviswa kwemauto eUnited States

Mushure mokubviswa kwemauto eUnited States muIraq, mamiriro ezvinhu akawedzera zvakanyanya. Vakawanda vanopisa simba uye masangano emagandanga amuka. Izvo zvakakosha pane izvi ndezveGIG boka, iro rakazoshandura zita rayo ku "Islamic state", richireva kukudzwa munyika yose yeMuslim. Yakaisa pasi pekutonga kwayo nzvimbo dzinokosha muIraq, uye mushure mokunge kuitika kwehondo yehurumende muSiria, yakawedzera simba rayo kune iyi nyika.

Basa reGIL rakakonzera kushushikana kwezvinhu zvakawanda zvenyika. Sangano idzva rinotungamirirwa neUnited States rakagadzirirwa kurwisana nesangano. Russia yakabatana pakurwisana nemagandanga, ayo, zvichiitika, anoita zvimiririra. Ihwo hunoshamisa hwekushanda uku ndeyokuti Allies anongoronga mhirizhonga yemhepo muSiria neIraq, asi usashandise kugadzirisa pasi. Kutenda nezviito zvevashandi pamwe chete, nharaunda inotungamirirwa neIslamic state mauto yakaderera zvikuru, asi sangano iri rinoramba richiita dambudziko rakaipa kunyika.

Zvisinei, pane mamwe akawanda akawanda anopikisa, kupesana pakati pekudzivirira rugare muIraq: Sunnis, Shiites, Kurds, etc. Saka, mauto eAmerica haana kukwanisa kuve nerunyararo runyararo munharaunda. Vakasiya vasina kuzadzisa rimwe remabasa makuru.

Zvinoreva uye mhinduro yekuuya kweUnited States kweIraq

Kana iri kururamiswa kwekupinda kwemauto emubatanidzwa muIraq, pane maonero akawanda anopesana. Asi nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinobvumirana kuti kubvira pakatanga hondo muIraq, nzvimbo yacho yakava isina kunyatsogadzikana, uye hapana chimwe chinodiwa kuti chigadzirise mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Uyezve, vezvematongerwe enyika vazhinji vakakurumbira vakapinda muchisarudzo chokupinda muIraq vakatotaura kare kuti hondo neHussein yaiva kukanganisa. Kunyanya, mutungamiri wehurumende yekuzvidzivirira purogiramu, uyo aimbova mutevedzeri wemutungamiri wehurumende yeGreat Britain John Chilcot akati nezvazvo.

Zvechokwadi, Saddam Hussein akanga ari mutongi wechihedheni uyo akadzivisa kushorwa uye akashandisa kudzvinyirira. Akaramba achiita zvehondo zvechisimba kune dzimwe nyika. Kunyange zvakadaro, nyanzvi dzakawanda dzakagumisa kuti zvombo zvaHussein pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi21 hazvisambomubvumira kuti aite mabasa makuru ehondo, sekuratidzwa nekukurumidza kukurumidza kweuto revanhu reIraq nehurumende.

Uye nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinoziva hurumende yeHussein seipi yakaipa, pakuenzanisa nemhirizhonga yakatanga kukunda munharaunda mushure mekuparadzwa kwayo, uye nehuwandu hunowedzera huchibva muIslamic.