Chinangwa uye basa renhoroondo

Kudzidza kwemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yevanhu kunobatsira basa rinokosha munyika maonero uye dzidzo yakawanda yevanyori vemazuva ano, uyewo mukuvandudza kwepfungwa nekusika kwevanhu. Nhoroondo yezvesayenzi ndeimwe yezvinonyanya kukosha mune zvemagariro evanhu.

Nhoroondo ndeye sayenzi pamusoro pekare uye iripo yevanhu, nezvemaitiro ekufambiswa kwemaitiro ehutano hwehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu munguva dzemazuva uye kuchinja kwepakati. Nhoroondo yezvakaitika inoshumira sehupenyu hwezvakaitika kare, zvichizarura pachavo mune zviitiko uye zviitiko, izvo ruzivo mune zvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa uye zviyeuchidzo zvakachengetedzwa. Izvi zvinoparadzaniswa uye zvinotarisa mabasa evanhu vakakurumbira, hukama hwepasi pose, hupenyu hwemukati uye hwekunze hwehurumende, hupfumi hwavo huri kubudirira.

Saizvozvowo, nhoroondo isayenzi inoumbwa namatavi akawanda ezivo yezvakaitika kare - yakadai seyakaitika chechitendero, nyika uye mutemo; Masoja, vehurumende, zvemagariro, ezvematongerwe enyika uye nezvehupfumi. Archaeology zvakare ndeyezvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, izvo zvinodzidza zvakaitika kare kuburikidza nezvinhu zvekare-zvishongo - zvishongo, midziyo yemumba, zvishandiso zvebasa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange zvivako zvakakwana-pfuma, nzvimbo dzekuviga, dzimba; Uye tsika, iyo inodzidza tsika netsika yehupenyu hwevanhu.

Nhoroondo inoparadzaniswa maererano nehupamhi hwekudzidza kwezvinhu: nhoroondo yevanhu pachavo uye nyika (somuenzaniso, nhoroondo yeRussia), makondinendi (nhoroondo yeAfrica neAsia), nyika yose yakazara (pasi rose kana nhoroondo yenyika).

Kunewo zvinyorwa zvepamusoro zvekubatsira izvo zvine zvinyorwa zviduku zvekudzidza, zvichizvidzidza zvakaparadzana uye zvichidaro zvakakonzera kunzwisiswa kwakadzama kwehutano hwemamiriro ezvinhu sehuwandu uye basa rehupenyu. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvidzidzo zvezvizvarwa, kudzidza nhoroondo yenharaunda, nzvimbo, nzvimbo; Toponymy, iyo inodzidza mavambo emazita emaguta; Genealogy - nyaya yacho ndiyo yakabva mazita emhuri nemaguta. Kuzobatsira mazano ezvakaitika kare kunosanganisira epigraphy (kuverenga zvakanyorwa pamusoro pesimbi, ivhu, ibwe); Sphragistics (kudzidza zvisimbiso uye maonero). Musoro wekudzidza heraldry ndiyo mahembe ehondo dzemhuri imwe neimwe, maguta uye nyika, veksillology - mapuranga, metrology - maitiro ezvinyorwa, numismatics uye bonistics - mari, zviratidzo, dhigirii - zvinyorwa zvekare uye zvinyorwa zvepamutemo, paleographies - mabhuku ekare nemanyoro ezvinyorwa, nguva dzezvakaitika - mazuva ezvakaitika kare.

Nyaya inonyanya kukosha yezvinyorwa zvekubatsira ndeyekutsvakurudza kwezvinyorwa, izvo zvinotsvaga zvinyorwa zvezvakaitika kare, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwezvinyorwa zvenhoroondo, kudzidza zvinyorwa mukugadzirwa kwenhoroondo, kuongorora nekutsanangurwa kwemanzwi, maonero uye maonero evanyori vezvakaitika kare anoratidza mabasa ehuzivi hwezvakaitika kare.

Nhoroondo haisi imwe chete yesayenzi dzakawanda dziripo dzinoshumira vanhu vemazuva ano, asiwo imwe yeiyo yakare kare. Mabasa ezvakaitika nguva dzose anowirirana nedzimwe sciences, zvakadai sokutsoropodza, nyanzvi, mathematical statistics, mathematics, nyanzvi yezvemari, soro rezvemitemo, uzivi, hutano, zvepfungwa, etc. Asi, kusiyana navo, inofanirwa kukura kwevanhu sevanhu vose, inoongororwa Kuzara kwechiitiko chehupenyu hwemagariro evanhu, imwe neimwe yemativi ayo (hupenyu, tsika, zvematongerwo enyika, ezvehupfumi) nekubatana kwavo nekubatana. Panguva imwecheteyo, svesa yose iripo (teknolojia, hupfumi, hutano) yakagadzirwa panguva imwe chete neyakaitika. Uye pane imwe nguva yemazuva ese marudzi ose emagariro uye nesayenzi ane chikamu chinoratidza mabasa ehupfumi: somuenzaniso, "History of Cinema", "History of Music", "History of Physics", nezvimwewo. Pakati pezviitiko zvezvakaitika kare nedzimwe svesa, shanduro dzedzidziso dzakasiyana-siyana dzinooneka - sechiitiko, nhoroondo Geology kana kuti geography geography. Muzvinhu izvi zvose, mabasa ehupfumi akabatanidzwa.