Nikolay 2. Historical portrait yaNicholas 2

Unhu hwaNicholas 2 hunoratidzika sehusemu. Vamwe vanomupomera mhosva yekuputsika kwenyika, vamwe vanoruramisa. Kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 reRussia kwakaratidzwa nezvakaitika zvinouraya zviitiko, zvichiri kuchinja upenyu hwedu. Asi ndiani akanga ari wokupedzisira wekuRussia mambo? Chii chaiva Nicholas 2? Nhoroondo yemifananidzo inofanira, pane imwe nzvimbo, kupindura mubvunzo uyu.

Dzidzo yaNicholas 2

Nicholas 2 akagamuchira dzidziso yechitendero chechitendero. Purogiramu yezvidzidzo zvake yaisanganisira nhau dzehondo uye, pachinzvimbo chababa vake, mambo wamangwana akashanda muRochea yeChristian makore maviri ari muchengeti wevakuru vakuru, iye zvino mumabhiza ehurumende yehurumende uye mune zvombo. Panguva imwecheteyo, akazopinda mumisangano yeVaKatende veVatariri neHurumende yeHurumende.

Uyewo Nicholas pamwe nababa vake, Emperor Alexander III, vakaenda kumatunhu eRussia. Uye gare gare akafamba motokari kuenda kuFar East, nokuti akakwanisa kushanyira Ijipiti, Greece, China, India, Japan. Uye akadzoka kumusha mukuru neminda kubva kuSiberia.

Nokudaro, chiitiko chezvakaitika kare chaNicholas 2 chinotaura nezvemaonero ake, ruzivo rwemitauro yakawanda yeEurope, ruzivo rwakanaka mumunda wezvinyorwa uye mabhuku. Kune ruzivo urwu, rudo rweRussia uye kunzwisisa kwemhosva nokuda kwekuguma kwacho kwakawedzerwa.

Muenzaniso we Tsar waNicholas 2 waiva Alexei Mikhailovich (1629-1676), uyo akachengeteka mumweya, uyo akatenda kuti chinhu chikuru ndechokuchengetedza tsika dzekare uye zvekutonga. Izvo zvinangwa zvakaswedera pedyo nemambo wamangwana.

Gumiguru 20, 1894 Nicholas 2 yakaziviswa kuti mambo, kutonga kwake kwakaratidzwa nekukwira nokukurumidza kweRussia kubudirira, izvo zvakaguma nedambudziko rakaipisisa.

Unhu hweNicholas 2

Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanotaura pamusoro peunhu hunoshamisa hwaNicholas 2. 2. Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare, zvisinei, inoratidza kuti mambo, nhamo, haana kupiwa zvipo zvematongerwo enyika.

Akanga ari murume akachenjera, murume akachenjera, uyo aifarira kuisa mapikicha mumifananidzo, achipfura pamakororo, akaona huni uye achitamba zvidhi. Zvinhu zvehurumende uye kuonekwa kwevanhu zvaive mutoro unorema kwaari. Uye akabata pamusana pekuda kwekutenda kutsvene mumugumo wepamusoro wemambo uye pfungwa yekunzwisisa yebasa.

Nicholas 2 akanga asina kuoma zvokuti akaita seasina simba. Akaora mwoyo uye akabviswa, akanga achifadza, asi akadzivisa mhinduro dzakasimba uye nharo munzira dzose. Izvi zvakamugadzirira mune zvematongerwe enyika mukurumbira semunhu asingatendi uye anovhiringidzika naye. Uyezve, akanga asina kunyatsobudiswa kune simba remukadzi wake, waaida zvikuru.

Kutonga kwaMambo kwakabvundisa kutenda kwevanhu mumambo wakarurama uye akachenjera. Nhoroondo yekuitika yaNicholas 2 inogona kutsanangurwa muchidimbu semutoro unorema we Tsar iye uye nevanhu vake.

Mari yegoridhe yaNicholas 2

Nicholas 2, achiva mambo, akadzorera tsika yekugadzira pamari yose mari yakafananidzwa nemambo. Panguva yekutonga kwake, jubheri uye mari yekuyeuchidza zvaiwanzobudiswa. Vakawanda vavo vakapinda munhoroondo ye numismatics uye zvino vanokoshesa zvikuru.

Asi humwe rufaro hunokonzerwa nemari yegoridhe yaNicholas 2. Mambo akashandura mari, panguva iyo kuyerwa kwemari kwakaderedzwa. Uyezve, Nicholas 2 aiva nechinangwa chekureva zvakare mari yenyika kubva "rubles" kusvika "Rus". Kunyange masero mashanu akaitwa, aiva nemari yesimbi yezita rokuti 5, 10 uye 15 Russ. Asi mambo haana kumbobvumirana nemutemo uyu.

Mipiro yeNicholas II nguva

Mishonga yaNicholas 2 yakave yakakurumbira zvikuru. Nicholas 2 yakanga yakakurumbira nokuda kwekugadzirwa kwemahombekiti akawanda nokuda kwekusiyanisa muhurumende yehurumende kana kushanda kwehurumende.

Medals inogona kupfekedzwa pamutsipa, pachipfuva kana ribhoni. Mupi wepamusoro-soro waiva medari yegoridhe yekuvhara chivharo pamucheto weSt. Andrew's.

The Last Romanovs

Nicholas 2 aida mhuri yake uye akamupa nguva yakawanda. Mambo akaroorwa nerudo. Hessian Princess Alice weHesse-Darmstadt (kana Alexandra Feodorovna mushure mekubhabhatidzwa) akataura zvakanyanya muRussia. Nicholas 2 pachake akadzidzisa mutauro wake, zvishoma nezvishoma achitaura kumitambo yechitendero ye pre-Petrine Russia.

Mhuri yeumambo, paiva nevana vashanu: mwanakomana - Alexei, mugari wenhaka pachigaro, uye vasikana vana. Vanasikana veNicholas 2 (Olga, Tatiana, Anastasia naMaria) vakagamuchira dzidzo yakanaka yose. Asi hazvisi zvose zvakanga zvakanaka nemwanakomana weTsar chete. Mukomana akawana chirwere chinotora kubva kuna amai vake - hemophilia.

"Svondo Inokuvadza" uye zviitiko zvakatevera

Musi waJanuary 9, 1905 wakaburukira munhoroondo se "Svondo Inokuvadza". Pazuva rino, kuratidzwa kwe rugare kune vashandi, avo vaida kutsvaga zvakananga kuna tsar, vakadururwa. Nicholas 2, panzvimbo pokuenda kune vanhu, kugamuchira chikumbiro nekuzviti iye semudziviriri wevanhu, vakasiyira Tsarskoe Selo, vachisiya hurumende yePerersburg kuti vatarise zvinenge zvichiitika. Chigumisiro chacho chaiva ropa. Ichi chiitiko chakapedzisira chakaparadza rutendo rwevanhu veRussia mune simba revarongi.

Kubvira panguva ino, nyika yakashungurudzika nekutenderera manzwiro. Nhoroondo yekuitika yaNicholas II inotaura nezvake semurume akashaiwa mukana wekuziva kurota kwake uye kuva mambo, mumwe nevanhu. Mushure mezviitiko zveJanuary, zvakava zvisingabviri kudzorera vanhu kuvimba.

Mugumisiro wezviitiko izvi wakagamuchirwa musi waOctober 17 wegore rimwechete reManifesto, iro rakapa huwandu hune kodzero dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvematongerwo enyika, uye akapa Duma, iyo yakaziviswa zvishomanana, chirongwa chepamutemo. Iyi nyanzvi yakachengetedza mhuri yeumambo kubva pakuiswa, kunyange zvazvo Nicholas II akazozvidemba kuti akabvuma.

Mushure mekubvumidzwa kweManifesto, mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma munyika yacho akanga apera, kupesana kwakapesana, vazhinji vakafunga kuti ndiyo kutanga kwekuchinja kukuru. Asi Nicholas 2 akanga asina kugutsikana nemukuru kwazvo, mumaonero ake, masimba eDuma.

Zviitiko zveHondo Yenyika Yokutanga

Funga nezvenhoroondo yeNicholas 2 muchidimbu munguva yehondo.

Zviitiko zveHondo Yenyika Yekutanga zvakaratidza kukanganisa kukuru kwe tsarist system uye chido chekugadzirisa kukuru. Chokutanga pane zvose, chaiva nechokuita nezvematongerwe enyika.

Nhau dzehondo dzaive nani nani. Pakazhizha yegore ra1915 magetsi ainge agadzirwa, uye mamiriro acho mberi akanga ava kunyanya kujeka uye anonzwisisika. Uye muna 1916, Russia yakatora nzvimbo dzakawanda pakuenzanisa nemasangano ayo. Izvi kukunda uto reRussia rinobhadhara zvikuru kuna Brusilov.

Nhoroondo yekuitika yaNicholas II maererano nezviitiko izvi inosarura. Mambo haana kubudirira kuita mabasa ehurumende. Izvi zvakaita kuti chokwadi chekuti masangano ehurumende aisava nesimba, zvirokwazvo, pamusoro pavo kwakanga kusina munhu anotora simba.

The Revolution ye1917

Zvakaitika kuna Nicholas II zvakasimbiswa. Kunyangwe mushure mekutambudzika kwe 1905 kusvika muna 1907, nyika yakatanga kukura nokukurumidza, kusununguka kubatana uye vavengi. Asi nzvimbo yekugadzirisa matambudziko yakava itsva.

Zvishoma nezvishoma, mharaunda yekumaruwa yakatanga kuparadzana, pakupedzisira inoparadzaniswa zvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana: chikamu chiduku chemasters akanaka uye vamwe varombo varombo. Avo vakanga vasingachagoni kuzvidyisa ivo pachavo, vaifanira kuenda kunoshanda mune zvinyorwa umo maitiro ekushanda akanga asina kuomeswa.

Kuparadzaniswa kwevanhu kwakange kuchikura. Kushungurudzika kwepakatika kwevanhu kwakakonzerwa nekusiyana kukuru pakati peboka duku revarume vachirarama muhuwandu, uye vanhu vakawanda vasingagoni kupona. Vafudzi vaivenga avo varidzi venyika, vashandi-vezvemabhizimisi. Mukurwisana nemamiriro ezvinhu aya, an intelligentsia akanga akagadzirira kutsigira chero sangano rezvematongerwo enyika rinopikisa, kana kungoshandura shanduko yezvematongerwe enyika muEuropean model.

Iko kare muna 1912, apo vashandi vakadururwa paLena goldfields, kusabvumirwa kwekuchinja kwacho kwakagadzikana. Zvadaro, manheru ekupemberera kwekupedzisira kweimba yaRomanovs (1913), kurwisana kwevashandi kwakaparadza nyika. Mugore rakatevera nhamba yevaroki yakangowedzera. Kubatanidzwa muHondo Yenyika Yekutanga kwakawedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu.

Haikwanisi kurarama nemamiriro acho ezvinhu Nicholas 2. Nhoroondo yemufananidzo inomutora murume aida kunonoka kubvumidzwa kwekukosha kwezvisarudzo - ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero nei Russia yakabatanidzwa muhondo. Mutongi aitarisira kukunda, mushure mezvo vanhu zvakare vanotenda maari. Asi kukundwa kwekutanga kwakakonzera kubuda kutsva kwekusagutsikana.

Musi waFebruary 23, mambo wacho akaenda kumukuru-mukuru mukuru kuMogilev, apo mhirizhonga yakapfuura nepetrograd, uye masangano ehurumende akaoma mitezo. Kuguma kweHurumende yeRussia yakatanga. Kuedza kumira maitiro kuburikidza nekumanikidza hakuna kutungamirira kune chero chinhu.

Musi waMarch 2, 1917, Nicholas II akaramba achifarira hama yake Mikhail. Ihupenyu humwe hwemhuri yeumambo hwaiitwa mumba musungwa.

Kuurawa kwemhuri yeumambo

Mhuri yake yaikoshesa zvikuru Nicholas 2. Nhoroondo yemufananidzo inoratidza rudo rwake kumudzimai nevana. Akanga akatendeka kwavari uye akatengeswa kusvika kunekupedzisira.

Mushure mekuedza kusina kubudirira kutonga Nicholas 2 Romanov mhuri kubva kuTsarskoe Selo vakatakurwa kuenda kuTobolsk, uyezve kuEkaterinburg. Yakanga iri pano muimba yePatiev usiku kubva munaJuly 16 kusvika paJuly 17, 1918, mhuri yeumambo yakapfurwa.

Mhedziso

Paiva nemafungiro mazhinji pakati pevanhu vepanguva uye vanyori vezvakaitika kare pamusoro pezvakanga zvakaita, mambo wekupedzisira weMambo weRussia, Nicholas 2. Nhoroondo yezvakaitika kare pamusoro penheyo yenguva ino inonyanya kushamisika. Vamwe vakataura nezvake semurume akangwara, vamwe pane zvinopesana, vakatsanangura kuti mambo akanga asina uchenjeri mupfungwa dzake. Vakataura pamusoro pekujekesa kwekutonga kwake, asi akabva awedzera kuti Emperori haaoni zvachose tarisiro. Chinhu chimwe ndechechokwadi, Nicholas 2, zvinosuruvarisa, haana kupiwa tarenda yehurumende uye mutongi akanaka.