Ndeipi mhepo yakakura yemvura yakawira pasi?

Astrophysicists vanobva kuCanada vanoti huwandu hwemeteorite rwizi runoputira bhutaneti redu rurefu-refu rwakapfuura tani 21 pagore. Asi mune dzakawanda zviitiko izvi zvinoramba zvisingaonekwi, sezvo munhu anogona kuona uye kuwana meteorites chete munzvimbo yekugara.

Chikamu chevhu pano pasi pepasi ndeche 29% chete, nyika yose inobatwa neWorld Ocean. Asi zvakare kubva kune izvi 29% zvakakosha kubvisa nzvimbo dzisingagari nemunhu kana zvachose kusina kukodzera kugara. Saka, kuwana meteorite ndiko kubudirira kukuru. Zvisinei, pane imwe nyaya apo meteorite pachayo yakawana munhu.

Kuputika kwemeteorite nemunhu

Mune nhoroondo yekuwa kwezvitumbi zvekumatenga, imwe chete yenyaya yakanyorwa zvakananga yekubatana zvakakwana kwemeteorite nemunhu inozivikanwa pasi.

Zvakaitika muU.SA musi waNovember 30, 1954. Aine kilogiramu yememeteorite, achiputsa nepenga reimba, akakuvadza gumbo remuiti. Nokudaro, njodzi iyo musoro wemunhu inogona kuwira uye muenzi wakakomba kubva panzvimbo, achiripo. Ndinoshamisika kuti chii chiri meteorite huru yakawira pasi redu?

Meteorite yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: dombo, iron uye iron. Uye mune chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi kune ma giants.

Dombo guru pane meteorite

Munguva pfupi yapfuura, musi waMarch 8, 1976, nzvimbo yakaisa vanhu vechiChinese nechipo nenzira yemvura yekudonha. Mabwe akawira pasi pepasi kwemaminitsi makumi matatu nemaviri. Chimwe chezvikwereti zvakawa zvakange zvine uremu hwema 1.77 matani. Yaiva ndiyo meteorite yakakura yakawira pasi, ine chivakwa chebwe. Chiitiko chacho chakaitika pedyo nedunhu reChinese reJilin. Zita iro rakapiwa muenzi wenguva.

Kusvikira ikozvino, Jilin meteorite inoramba iine meteorite yakakura mumatombo akawanikwa panyika.

Ndiyo yakawanda yakawanda yematombo-meteorite

Mumiririri mukuru wesangano resimbi-iron meteorite akayera 1.5 tani. Akaiwana muna 1805 muGermany.

Mushandi weGerman meteorite, akawanikwa muAustralia, akayera makirogiramu zana pasi peGermany.

Asi vose zvavo vaipfuura nemuenzi wesimbi kubva munzvimbo, uyo uremu hwaive hukuru pane gumi pane dzose dzaiwanzowana meteorites.

Iyo yakawanda iron yakawanda meteorite

Muna 1920, dhoni yemvura yakakura nemamita maviri nemamita uye yakaenzana nematani 66 yakawanikwa kumaodzanyemba kumadokero kweNamibia! Zvakawanda kupfuura zvidhori izvi zviri panyika yedu zvisati zvawanikwa. Yaiva meteorite yakakura yakawira pasi. Zita racho rakapiwa kwaari mukukudza purazi Goba West, uyo ane muridzi wayo akagumburwa naye panguva yekurimwa kwemunda. Nhamba yakatarwa yesimbi yekivha ndiyo makore makumi mapfumbamwe nemakumi mashanu.

Kusvika iye zvino, meteorite Goba ndiyo yakakura yakasimba yesimbi yakasikwa.

Muna 1955, meteorite yakakura yakawira pasi, Goba, yakanzi ichitubu chenyika uye yakatorwa pasi pekuchengetedzwa kwehurumende. Ichi chaive chiyero chakamanikidzwa, kubvira kwemakore makumi matatu nemashanu, nepo meteorite yakanga iri mukana wakazaruka, yakarasikirwa nehuwandu hwematani 6. Chikamu chekurema chakanga chakarasika semugumisiro wemagadzirirwo emasikirwo - kuora. Asi mite inokosha mukugadzirisa "kurasikirwa" yakaitwa nevatashanyi vakawanda. Iye zvino unogona kusvika kune muviri wekudenga uri pasi pekutarisa uye nekubhadhara.

Meteorite inokurukurwa pamusoro, zvechokwadi, ndiyo yakakura pane yeboka rayo kubva pane zvose zvakambowanikwa. Asi mubvunzo wekuti chii chikuru chemvura chakawira pasi, uye chakaramba chakazaruka.

Meteorite yakauraya dinosaurs

Munhu wose anoziva nyaya inosuruvarisa nekuparara kwei dinosaurs. Chikonzero chekufa kwavo ichiri kukwikwidzana nemasayendisiti, asi iyo shanduro iyo meteorite ndiyo yakakonzera dambudziko iri rinoramba riri guru.

Maererano nevasayendisiti, makore emamiriyoni makumi matanhatu apfuura, Pasi rakange rakatarisana nemhepo yakakura yemvura, iyo yakakonzera njodzi yenyika. Meteorite yakawira munharaunda yava kunzi kuMexico - Yucatan Peninsula, pedyo nomusha weChikxulub. Uchapupu hwekuwa uku kwakawanikwa muna 1970, iyo inokonzera kugadzirisa. Asi sezvo chikafu chakanga chakafukidzwa nemadombo emvura, meteorite haina kunyatsoongororwa. Uye makore makumi maviri chete gare gare, masayendisiti akadzoka kune chidzidzo chacho.

Somugumisiro webasa rakaitwa, zvakazoitika kuti mheto yakasara neyemeteorite ine 180 km muhupamhi. Iyo yakareba yemeteorite pachayo yaiva anenge 10 km. Izvo zvinokonzera simba pakuwa kwaive 100 000 Gt muNATT yakaenzana (izvi zvakaenzana nekuputika kumwechete kwe 2,000,000 kukuru kwefreekliya nyaya).

Inofungidzirwa kuti semugumisiro wemeteorite inokonzera, tsunami yakaumbwa, apo urefu hwehuyu hwakanga hwakasiyana kubva pamamita makumi mashanu kusvika ku100. Zvisikwa zveguruva zvakasimudzwa panguva yemigumisiro kwemakore anoverengeka zvakavhara pasi kubva kune Sun, izvo zvakaita kuti kuve nekushanduka kukuru mumamiriro ekunze. Mvura yechirungu uye moto unoramba uchiita huwandu hwemoto yakawedzera mamiriro acho ezvinhu. Panyika yakauya yakafanana nenyuchi yenyu yechando. Somugumisiro wenjodzi, 75% yemhando yemhuka nemiti yakafa kunze.

Kunyange zvakadaro, zvakajeka, chi Chicxulub meteorite ndiyo meteorite yakakura yakawira pasi pemamiriyoni 65 emakore akapfuura. Akaita zvekuparadza upenyu hwose panyika. Asi munhoroondo yekuwa kwemeteorites kuNyika muhukuru, inotora nzvimbo yechitatu chete.

Ikutanga pakati pei giants

Zvichida makore 2 bhiriyoni apfuura, meteorite yakawira pasi, iyo yakasiya tsanangudzo pamusoro payo neyeta yemakiromita 300. Iyo meteorite pachayo inogona kunge yakave nemakiromita anopfuura 15 km.

Chikamu chakasara mushure mekuwa kuri kuSouth Africa, muruwa rweFree State, uye inonzi Vredefort. Ichi ndicho chikuru chakakonzera chikamu, uye chakasiya iyo meteorite yakawanda yakawira kuNyika munhoroondo yenyika yedu. Muna 2005, chando cheVredefort chakanyorwa seNESESCO World Heritage Site. Mhedheni yakakura zvikuru yakawira pasi, haina kusiya mufananidzo wega, asi kuora kukuru mufananidzo wekanyoro pamusoro pepasi redu hakuzobvumiri kukanganwa.

Iko kunonzwika kuti kuwa kwemeteorite, iyo yakaenzana nayo yakaenzana makumi masere emamita, inowanikwa nehuwandu hwemazana emakore. Uye meteorite yehukuru hukuru hunowira kazhinji.

Maererano nevasayendisiti 'forecasts, muna 2029 Nyika inoshanyira mushanyi mutsva.

Mamiriro okunze anonzi Apophis

Meteorite inotyisidzira pasi redu yainzi Apophis (iyo yaiva zita renyoka, iyo yaiva antipode yemwari wezuva Ra Ra muEgypt Ancient). Ichawa pasi kana kuti ichiripo uye ichapfuura pedyo nepasi, hazvizivikanwi kutendeka. Asi chii chinoitika kana kupesana kuchiitika?

Muenzaniso wekupesana kweApop neNyika

Saka, inozivikanwa kuti kubwinya kweApop isiri mamita 320 chete. Kana ikawira pasi pano, pachava nekuputika kwakaenzana musimba rayo kusvika mabhiriyoni 15 000 akadonhera paHiroshima.

Kana Apophi inosvika kumhenderekedzo yegungwa, pachava nechitinha chinotyisa, ine hupamhi mamita mazana mana kusvika kuzana uye hupamhi hwemakiromita mashanu. Izvo zvinotyisa zvinotyisa zvinoparadza zvivako zvepamusoro pane imwe nzvimbo yemakiromita makumi mashanu kubva pane epicenter. Dzimba dzisina simba reimba yezvidhina dzichaparadzwa pane imwe nzvimbo ye100-150 km. Nzvimbo yeguruva ichakwira kusvika pakureba makiromita akawanda ndokuzofukidza nyika yose.

Nhau dzinoparidzirwa nevhidhiyo pamusoro pechando chenyukireya uye kuguma kwepasi zvakanyanyisa. Mamiriro ekukwirira kwemeteorite emigumisiro yakadai haisi duku. Zvinokwanisika kuderedza kutonhora nemadigirii maviri, asi kunyange mushure memwedzi mitanhatu ichadzoka kune yakarongeka. Ichocho, njodzi inofanotaurwa, kana ikaitika, haizove pasi rose.

Kana Apophis inowira mumhenderekedzo yegungwa, zvichida, pachava ne tsunami iyo ichafukidza nzvimbo dzegungwa. Kureba kwemafunguro kunotarisana nechepakati pakati pegungwa uye nzvimbo iyo meteorite inowira. Mhepo yepakutanga inogona kuva yakakwirira kusvika mamita 500, asi kana kuwa kweApophi kuchiitika pakati pegungwa, ipapo kuwedzerwa kusvika kumhenderekedzo hakungapfuuri mamita 10-20. Kunyangwe izvi zvakare zvakanyanya. Dutu racho richagara kwemaawa akawanda. Zvose izvi zviitiko zvinofanirwa kuongororwa chete sezvinobvira pamwe nepamwe. Saka, kana kwete Apophis inopesana nenyika yedu here?

Mikana yeApophis inowira pasi

Apophis inofanidza kutyisidzira pasi redu kaviri. Nguva yokutanga yaiva muna 2029, uye zvakare muna 2036. Mushure mokutora maonero nekubatsirwa kwekuisa radar, boka reasayendisiti rakabviswa zvachose kubva mukana wemeteorite inotarisana nenyika. Kana iri gore ra2036, nhasi mikana yekukanganiswa kwemeteorite nePasi ndeye1: 250 000. Uye negore rimwe nerimwe sokururama kwekuverenga kunowedzera mikana yekupesana inoderedza.

Asi kunyange zvakadaro, zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zveApophis zvinodzvinyirirwa kumanikidziro kubva pachikoro zvinoonekwa. Nokudaro, Apophis chinhu chinowanzova chechido kune chinotyisa.

Mukupedzisa, ndinoda kuona kuti meteorites inoparadzwa zvakasimba paanopinda mumhepo yepasi. Paunoswedera Pasi pano, kukurumidza kwekuuya kwevaenzi kubva munzvimbo ndeye 10-70 km / sec, uye pavanosangana nemhepo inokonzerwa negasi ine huwandu hwepamusoro, kutonhora kwemeteorite kunowedzera kusvika kune chinotambudza uye zvinongopisa kana kuparara zvikuru. Nokudaro, mhepo yepasi redu ndiyo mutsigiri wakanakisisa kubva kune vasati vashamirwa.