Mutungamiri wevarimi vehurumende mauto Gerasim Kurin: biography, zvidimbu uye zviitiko zvinonakidza

Nhoroondo yeHondo yePatriotic ya1812 inozivikanwa kune vakawanda veRussia chete mumashoko akawanda. Uyezve, mazita evarume varo vane masimba, kunyanya vanhu kubva kuvanhu, havana kukanganwa uye havazivikanwi kune vanyori. Kunyange Gerasim Kurin haasi mumwe wevasingazivikanwi vanofarira avo vakarwira rusununguko rweMotherland, uye zita rake rinowanikwa mumabhuku ekuchikoro, tsanangudzo yakajeka yezvinyorwa zvinodavirwa zvechokwadi ichave inofadza kune wese wese asina hanya nenhoroondo yenyika yake.

Kubva

Kurin Gerasim Matveyevich akaberekerwa mumusha wePavvovo, Vokhon Volost, pedyo neMoscow, muna 1777. Baba vake namai, uye naizvozvo iye pachake akanga asiri serfs. Ichokwadi ndechokuti Pavlovo kunyange pasi peIvan the Terrible yakava iyo yeUtatu-Sergius Monastery, uye mushure mokunge nyika yekereke, yakatungamirirwa naCatherine II, yakava nyika. Nokudaro, Gerasim Kurin ndiye ainzi anonzi varombo mune zvehupfumi. Vanhu vane chimiro ichi havawanzobatanidzwa mune zvekurima, sezvo nyika yaive inowanikwa nevaridzi venyika. Basa ravo raiva mishonga yekugadzira mishonga, kushambadzira uye mhizha.

Biography yaKurin Gerasim Matveyevich (muchidimbu) kusvikira 1812

Icho hachina kuva nehumwe ruzivo pamusoro peiyo hero yavarume yakanga iri kuita pamberi peNapoleon mhirizhonga kuRussia. Vatsvakurudzi vanoratidza kuti akashanda muchitoro chababa vake, avo, pamwe, vaiva nemari yakawanda, uye mhuri yake yairemekedzwa nevamwe vanhu vomunharaunda.

Gerasim Matveyevich akanga aroorwa naAna Savina, avo vakabva kumutengesi vemhuri. Mumhuri yavo vaiva nevana vaviri: Terenty naAnton. Vakomana vacho vaiva nemakore gumi nemaviri nemakore ekutanga kwehondo, maererano.

Mamiriro ezvinhu munzvimbo dzakapiwa

Kuvhota kwevarwi vaNapoleon kuMoscow mumatamberero e1812 hakuna kutungamirira kukundwa kweRussia, sezvo mambo weFrance aitarisira. Kusiyana neizvi, masangano ezvomudzimai aiparidzirwa nenzira dzose munzvimbo dzose dzakapiwa, sezvo hondo yavo yakatanga kunzwa kunzwa kushaikwa kwezvokudya. Izvi zvakamanikidza murairo weFrance kuti uwane mauto ekugadzirira kumativi ose kubva kumusoro. Sezvo vaigara vachirwiswa, Napoleon akapa Marshal Ney 4,000 mauto ehondo nemauto nevatasvi vemabhiza, uyewo mabheti akawanda emagetsi. Mutungamiri mukuru weFrance akashanda muzinda wake muBorovsk, kwaakarayira zviito zvemaoko uye kudzivirira zvikwata. Rimwe remapoka aya e "vavhimi vezvokudya" rakazosvika mumusha wePavlovo, uko Gerasim Kurin aigara nemhuri yake.

Sangano rechechi

Achiziva kuti zvikepe zveFrance pakusvika kumusha, akaronga boka revarimi mazana maviri uye akatanga kurwisana. Nenguva isipi vagari vomunharaunda yakapoteredza vakatanga kushamwaridzana navo, uye nhamba yevatsigiri vakawana vanhu 5 800, kusanganisira vatasvi 500. Chikonzero chikuru chekumanikidzira vanhu kutora zvombo chaive chiito chakashata cheFrance, avo, vachigumburwa nechokuita kwenguva refu nehondo nekushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kazhinji vanobatwa mukupamba nekupamba. Mukuwedzera, Gerasim Kurin aiva nechipo chokunyengetedza uye yaiva simba kune vamwe vanhu vomunharaunda.

Operations

Kubvira paSeptember 23 kusvika paOctober 2, 1812, Kurin Gerasim, pamwe chete neuto rake, vakapinda kanomwe mumakwikwi nemauto eFrance. Mune imwe yehondo, varume vake vakakwanisa kudzosera mhirizhonga nezvombo, vachitora mazana makumi maviri emipfuti nemabhasiti, uye mazana mana emakachengetti emagetsi. Izvi zvakaita kuti mapurisa azvipe zvibvumirano kwenguva yakareba uye awedzere kuwedzera maziso emisasa yevavengi.

Marshal Ney akanga akatsamwa ne "kusina tsika" maitiro evarimi veRussia uye akatumira mazana maviri emadhora ekurwa nehondo yaKurin. Sezviri pachena, vaFrench vakanga vasina ruzivo pamusoro pehuwandu hwevadzidzisi, sezvo zvisiri izvo zvaisazova zvishoma kumusasa muduku akadaro.

Mutungamiriri weuto racho akasarudza kuedza kugadzirisa nyaya yacho nerunyararo uye "akazvideredza" kusvika pakuti akaendesa kune "savages" muparamende - yekare mutungamiri. Akatanga kutendesa vatsigiri kuti vasapindira nevane simba kuti vaite mabasa avo, sezviri pachena, zvinoreva kupamba kwevarimi pasi peizvi.

Apo kukurukurirana kwaienderera mberi, Kurin akanga achigadzirira kurwisa. Chokutanga pane zvose, akatumira boka revarwi vemabhiza vari kuBarorodsk, rakarayirwa naVolost Yegor Stulov. Ipapo Kurin akashandisa maitiro ehondo, achisiya vazhinji ve "mauto" ake vachivandira uye vachirwisana neFrance nevanokwana gumi nemaviri guerrillas. Apo hondo yacho yaive yakazara, yakapa murairo wekudzoka, ichikwevera madonononi shure kwavo, inodhakwa nekukunda nyore nyore muRussia muzhik. Zvisingatarisirwi ivo pachavo, vashandi veFrance vaifamba vakapoteredzwa, sezvo vatasvi vemabhiza veStulov vakasvika. Somugumisiro wehondo, mauto maviri eFrench akakundwa, uye mamwe madononi akabatwa.

Recent operation

Akatsamwa, Ney akatumira mauto anowanzopikisana nevasikana. Kudzidza pamusoro pekunyadzisa kwemaFurundi, Kourin akasarudza kuvapa kurwisana mumusha wake. Akaronga kuti mhuri dzevarombo dzive zhinji dzehondo yake, iyo yaaitungamirira pachake. Panguva imwecheteyo, Gerasim Matveyevich akatumira mabhiza eSlolov kuti avandire pedyo nemusha weMelenki, uri pedyo nemugwagwa wePavvovo-Borovsk, uye nzvimbo yacho yaiva pedyo nehova muJudinsky ravine, achiraira mutungamiriri weIvan Pushkin.

Apo vaFrance vakapinda Pavlovo, pakange pasina munhu aifanira kuonekwa. Zvisinei, mushure mechinguva chirevo chakauya kwavari, chakanga chiine simba-sevarimi. Vakapinda mukukurukurirana nemauto, avo panguva ino vakabvunza varimi kuti vatengese zvokudya zvavo, mushure mekuvabvumira kuti vaongorore imba yekuchengetedza. Vafudzi vakabvumirana kuti vatungamirire vashandi vasingatombozivi kuti mutauriri wekutaurirana uye anomiririra ndewe Kurin pachake.

Akakodzera kunyanya kutaurwa

Mhirizhonga yakawanda yakabudirira yakaita kuti vatsigiri vawedzere kuvimba mune mano avo, uye vakasarudza kurwisa Bogorodsk yakatora. Zvisinei, panguva iyo, Ney akanga atowana mutemo wekudzokera kuMoscow. Kurin Gerasim nebasa rake rakasara zvitunha zvake kwemaawa mashomanana uye akaenderera mberi kudzivirira musha wake wepasi uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza kubva kuvapambi vechiFrench.

Rewarding

Izvo zvinotungamirirwa nemukuru mukuru wevadzidzisi pamwe nevatsigiri vake havana kuenda vasingazivikanwi nemurairo weRussia. Vakuru vakuru vehondo vakawanda vakashamiswa kuti varimi vasina mhedziso vasina mazano nemitemo yehondo vakaita saizvozvo kubudirira zvokuti akatiza ndokuparadza mauto ehurumende yeFrance nguva dzose, apo varwi vake vakatakura kurasika kwakanyanya.

Muna 1813, Kurin Gerasim Matveyevich (1777-1850) akapiwa mucheche weSt. George wekirasi yekutanga. Iri kurongeka rakagadzirirwa zvakananga kumativi akadzikira uye vanhu vemazuva ose, uye raifanira kunge rakapfeka ribhoni dema uye reruvara. Kunyange zvazvo inowanzotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvekuti Gerasim Kurin akapiwawo zita rekuremekedza vagari venyika, ruzivo urwu harukwanisi kutaridzika rwakavimbika, sezvo ruremekedzo rwekuzvarwa kwevanhu rwakanga husina kukodzera kune vamiririri veboka revarimi. Uyezve, yakatangwa muna 1832 chete. Nokudaro, nekuda kwekubva kwake, Gerasim Matveyevich aisagona kuva nekodzero yakadaro, pasinei nokuti iye akakodzera chaizvo.

Panguva yorugare

Apo Hondo yePatriotic ya1812 yakaguma, Gerasim Kurin akadzokera kumararamiro ake chaiwo. Zvisinei, vamwe vagari vomunharaunda uye vagari vomumisha yakapoteredza havana kukanganwa pamusoro pemabasa ake, uye akanga ari ivo vane simba risingadikanwi pane zvakawanda.

Zvinonyatsozivikanwawo kuti muna 1844 akabatanidzwa semuenzi anokudzwa muvhura raPavlovsky Posad - guta rakaumbwa nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwaPavlov nemisha ina yakapoteredza.

Iyo hero yakafa muna 1850 pazera remakore makumi manomwe. Akavigwa paParlovsky Makoronike.

Iye zvino unoziva kuti Gerasim Matveyevich Kurin mutori wenyika uyo akaronga sangano rake muna 1812 uye akabudirira nekudzivirira musha wake wepanyika uye zvakapoteredza kubva kuFrance. Zita rake rinomirira pamwe chete nemazita evanhu vakadaro masimba seVasilisa Kozhina, Semyon Shubin, Yermolai Chetvertakov, uyo akaratidza kuti munguva yekuedzwa kwenyika yavo yekuzvarwa, vanhu veRussia vanogona kuungana uye kurongedza pachavo, vachipa mukukunda kukunda muvengi.