Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich, Prince of Kiev: chimiro uye maitiro

Nhamba yeChris Svyatoslav Vsevolovich - chimwe chezvinhu zvakajeka uye zvinonakidza pakati pemachinda eRussia XII yezana remakore. Panguva dzakasiyana-siyana aitonga Turov, Vladimir-Volynsky, Novgorod-Seversky, Chernigov uye Kiev. Muchikwata chemauto Svyatoslav yakapararira vose veRussia, vakashanyira kumaodzanyemba ekumaodzanyemba uye vakava mungozi yevakasununguka vePolvvsians.

Makore okutanga

Ramangwana guru Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich akazvarwa munenge muna 1123 mumhuri yeVsevolod Olgovich, uyo akatonga muChernigov, uyezve muKiev. Pfungwa yacho ndeyokuti muhafu yekutanga yezana remakore rechi12 iyo yaimbova yekare yeRussia nyika yakanga yakaparadzana kusvika kune gumi nemaviri emasimba. Mumwe nomumwe wavo aitungamirirwa nebazi rimwe reRurik.

Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich yaive yeOlgovichi - zita rairo rinotonga muChernigov saka rakawanda. Munguva yake, Kiev yakange ichiri kuonekwa seguta guru reRussia, uye mhuri dzose dzinotyisa dzikaedza kudzigadzirisa. Baba Svyatoslav Vsevolod vakazviita muna 1139. Akatuma mwanakomana wake segavhuna wekutanga kuna Turov, uye ipapo kuna Vladimir-Volynsky. Saka mukomana akawana ruzivo rwekutanga rwemambo.

Kubatanidzwa mumagariro ehurumende

Vsevolod Olgovich akafa muna 1139. Mushure mekufa kwake, kurwisana kwezvombo zvakagadzirirwa kweKiokrone kwakatanga. Iyo yaimbova yakarongeka, apo mwanakomana wekutanga akabudirira baba vake, yakaparadzwa, uye zvino machinda mazhinji akati ndiro guru rekuRussia princedom. Mutsivi weVsevolod aiva mukoma wake Igor Olgovich. Zvisinei, Izyaslav Mstislavovich, uyo baba vake zvakare akambotonga Kiev, akanga asina kugutsikana neizvi.

Ndiani Igor Kievan mukuru Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich? Akanga ari baba vake, naizvozvo muzukuru akasimudzira hama yake. Zvisinei, mwedzi mishomanana mushure mokunge asunungurwa pachigaro choushe, Igor akaiswa kuna Izyaslav, uyo akamutumira kuimba yemamongi. Mushure mechinguva, monki akaurayiwa munguva yechisimba chakakurumbira muKiev.

Kutanga kutonga muguta iro Izyaslav Mstislavovich akazivisa hondo Yuri Dolgoruky kubva ku Rostov-Suzdal kunyanya. Akange asina kupesana nekugadza kutonga pamusoro peKiev. Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich mumakakatanwa iwayo akatsigira Izyaslav, uyo akanga ari munun'una vake nemudzimai wechizvarwa, uye akamupa maguta akawanda eVynyn kuti ave mugove wake.

In Chernihiv

Mumakore 1157-1164. Svyatoslav akatonga Novgorod-Seversky, uye mushure mekufa kwababamunini vake Svyatoslav Olgovich vakagamuchira Chernigov - chiitiko chikuru chemhando yake. Mutungamiri nguva dzose aionekwa nechinangwa chekuzvimirira. Muna 1169, haana kutsigira Andrei Bogolyubsky (kubva kuVladimir) mukurwa kwake neKiev. Mugumisiro wemushandirapamwe iwoyo wakanga usina kumbopambwa kweguta rekare uye rakapfuma.

Kupikisa Kiev (uko Mstislav Izyaslavovich aitonga), sangano rose revatongi rakabatana. Iro yaisanganisira hama dzepedyo dzeSvyatoslav - vanun'una vaIgor naOleg Seversky, uye mumwe chete Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich akaramba kubatanidzwa mumakakatano ehurumende.

Mushure mokuparadzwa kwekuparadzwa, Kiev haina zvakare kutungamira muRussia (yakapfuura kumaguta eRostov naVladimir), asi yakaramba iri apuro yekusawirirana kune vazhinji vekuchamhembe machinda. Muna 1173, guta racho rakatanga kutora Jaroslav Iziaslavovich. Svyatoslav haana kumubatsira, uye akatora guta racho kwechinguva. Mukupindura kweizvi, munun'una waOleg, uyo akakomba nhare yeSododub, akaenda kundorwa naye.

Svyatoslav zvakare haana kugara pasi uye akabata Novgorod-Seversky. Pasi penguva yekupedzisira hondo yacho haina kuchinja muhondo yakawanda ye internecine. Prince Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich akabva kuKiev, achiri kurasikirwa naye Yaroslav Izyaslavovich, akadzokera kuChernigov uye akayananirana nemukoma wake.

Kurwisana naRostislavich

Kufanana nemamwe machinda ekumaodzanyemba, Svyatoslav yakanga iri muhondo yehondo nguva dzose nePolvtsi, kuronga kuparadza kunoparadza pamataundi nemiganhu. Muna 1176 sangano revanhu vakasiyana-siyana reRurik rakakundwa nevanhu vemazuva ano, izvo zvakatungamirira kumakororo matsva ekuparadza. Svyatoslav, uyo asina kubatanidzwa mumushandirapamwe iwoyo, akakumbira kuti uyo anotevera Kiev mukuru Roman Rostislavovich abvise munun'una wake Davydov wekupedzisira kwechiitiko chakaipa chekurwisana nevasununguko.

Mutongi weguta rekare akaramba kuranga hama yake yapedyo. Pane kudaro, Roma pachake akamanikidzwa kupa Svyatoslav Kiev. Nenguva isipi Chernigov mukuru akanyatsoenda kumabhandi eDnieper. Zvisinei, munzvimbo itsva, akanga ari mune chinzvimbo chisina kunaka. Kunyange zvazvo Svyatoslav uye vaiva neKiev, iyo yose yeKiev nyika ine nhare dzakawanda nemataundi aiva ehama dzakasiyana siyana Rostislavichi, uyo ane, uyewo, zvakare Smolensk.

Kurasikirwa kwenguva pfupi kweKyiv

Muna 1180, Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich weKiev akatanga hondo neRostislavich. Akarwisa guta raDavid, asi iye pachake kwenguva yakati akarasika Kiev, uko paakanga asipo Rurik akamira (uyewo Rostislavich). Kunyange zvazvo Svyatoslav akatonga mabhanga eDnieper kwemakore anoverengeka, akatungamirirwa zvikuru nechinangwa cheChernigov yake yakaitwa princedom. Ndicho chikonzero kurasikirwa kweKiev kusina kukunda zvakaoma pamatambudziko evanhu.

Kudzokera kuChernigov, muchinda akatanga kugadzirira kuramba kwehondo neRostislavich. Zvisinei, zvisingatarisirwi, akanga ane muvengi mutsva - Vsevolod Big Big, uyo akatonga muVladimir. Uyu muchinda akazivisa hondo yeRyazan mutongi weRoma Glebovich - mubatana uye mukwasha weSvyatoslav.

Ambassadors vakasvika kubva kuChernigov kuenda kuVsevolod, avo vakaedza kugadzirisa dambudziko racho. Pamusoro wekuendeswa kwaiva mwanakomana weSvyatoslav Gleb. Vsevolod akatora musungwa wechinda, iyo chaizvoizvo yaiva chirevo chehondo. Muzviitiko zvinotevera, unhu hweSvyatoslav Vsevolodovich hwakaratidzwa pachena. Akanga asingatyi hondo nehutungamiri hwakasiyana-siyana panguva imwechete, uye akasarudza kutora danho rokutanga.

Kufamba muNorth-Eastern Russia

Vsevolod inogona kungorangwa nekurwisa nyika yake pachayo. Saka Svyatoslav akaita, achitanga muna 1181 rake rakakurumbira Northern Expedition, panguva iyo akatungamira hondo yakakunda nzira ye2000 makilomita. Mushandirapamwe uyu wakapinda nevose vehama, avo vaingova neSvyatoslav Vsevolodovich chete. Prince Trubchevsky, Prince Seversky, Prince Kursky nevamwe vose veOlgovichi vakasimuka pasi pemusana mumwe chete.

Chikamu chemauto akabatana Svyatoslav akasiyira kuChernigov kana akaurayiwa naRurik Rostislavich. Mauto makuru akatamira kuVladimir. Masoja eVsevolod neSvyatoslav akasangana pamabanki akasiyana eVeni. Hondo haina kumboitika. Muchinda weVladimir akazvisimbisa mumakomo, uko kwaisakanganisika zvikuru kumurwisa. Vsevolod pachake haana kutora matanho anoshanda. Semugumisiro, nekuda kwekutangira kwegore reSvyatoslav rakashandurwa kune rimwe divi rinopoteredza, mumugwagwa mushure mokupandukira moto kuguta duku reDmitrov.

Zvakare muKiev

Mushure mekubva kuNorth-East Russia, uto reChernigov rakaenda kuguta reDrutsk, uko Davyd Rostislavich akakombwa. Mutungamiri akakwanisa kupukunyuka, asi mushure mokunge Svyatoslav akapinda muguta pasina chero kurwadza, kwaakazova mutungamiriri uye akatongerwa kusvikira afa. Akapa Chernigov kumunun'una wake Yaroslav.

Chiitiko chekupedzisira chehondo ye internecine yaiva hondo pakati peCads of Svyatoslav naRurik. Rostislavich akakunda. Nokudaro, chimiro cheo chakadzorerwa. Rurik akabvuma kuti Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich aiva Muchinda weKiev, asi akachengetedza nyika yose yeKiev, kunze kwemusoro wega pachayo. NeVsevolod Big Nest yakagumiswawo rugare. Muna 1183 uto reSvyatoslav rakabatanidzwa mumushandirapamwe mukuru weVladimir muVolga Bulgaria.

Hondo neVaPolvvese

Pakupedzisira kuva muchinda weKiev, Svyatoslav yakaronga mukurwisana nekutyisa kukuru kune hupenyu hune rugare hweRus - vaPolvtsia. Vadzidzi vepececine vakangowedzera zvakanyanya mamiriro acho ezvinhu - mazita emadzinza akafara kupinda mumakakatanwa semashure kana kuti akarwisa nyika dzisingagoni kudzivirirwa apo Rurikovichs vakanga vachishanda vachijekesa ukama hwavo. Panguva iyoyo maPirvvhvani vakanyanya zvikuru vaiva Kobyak naKonchak. Svyatoslav akazivisa hondo pamusoro pavo. Muna 1184, akatungamirira sangano revatongi vanoverengeka (iro raisanganisira, pakati pevamwe, Rurik Rostislavich) rakakunda nzvimbo yepamusoro pamahombekombe erwizi rwaKorol. Pamusoro pemapoka ePolvvasi aiva Konchak. Akangoita chishamiso chokupukunyuka ndokudzivisa rufu.

Pasina hanya Khan Kobyak. Hondo yake yakakundwawo mumushandirapamwe wakabudirira wevarwi veRussia. Kukunda kwechipiri Svyatoslav vakakunda pamvura Oreli. Kobyak akabatwa uye akazourayiwa muKiev. Mushure mezviitiko zve1185, Polovtsy haina kuzopinda munyika yechinda. Mapoka avo akaonekwa muRussia chete kana vakanyorerwa neRurikovichi avo vakapinda muhondo ye internecine.

Pasinei nokukunda kwaSvyatoslav, nhau dzinosuruvarisa dzakasvika nokukurumidza kuKiev. Akoma wake Igor, uyo akatonga muNovgorod-Seversky, akasarudza kuramba ari pamwe nehama yake uye akazvipira oga pabasa rake rekuzvimiririra mumusasa. Muna 1185, Polovtsy akaputsa boka iri, uye mutungamiri pachake akatorwa musungwa. Nokukurumidza Svyatoslav Vsevolodovich akadzidza nezvekuguma kwehanzvadzi yake. "The Lay of Igor's Regiment" (basa guru rekare reRussia mabhuku) rinotaura pamusoro pezviitiko zvekusava nemushandirapamwe usina kubudirira. Svyatoslav, sechapesana neshamwari isina unlucky, inoratidzwa munhetembo semutongi akachenjera uye mutateguru wevose vekumaodzanyemba.

Makore apfuura

Muna 1187, vaGalician mukuru weJaroslav Osmomysl vakafa . Mushure mekufa kwake, kurwisana kwezvinangwa zveSouth-Western Russia yakava yakaoma. Kurwisana kwacho kwakaoma nechokuti Hungarian King Bel III akavhiringidza nayo. Akatora Galich uye akazvipira kutamisa guta iri rakapfuma kumwanakomana weSvyatoslav Gleb.

Muchinda weKiev akanga ava kuda kubvumirana, asi Rurik Rostislavich haana kufarira izvi. Kuvhiringidzika pakati pake naSvyatoslav kwakakonzera kuti mwanakomana weRaroslav Osmomysl Vladimir, uyo aifunga Vsevolod Big Nest semudziviriri wake, yakagadzirirwa kwekanguva muHalych.

Nguva pfupi asati afa, Svyatoslav akapikisana nemachinda eRyazan, avo vaOl'govichi vaine nharo dzemuganhu. Hondo, zvisinei, hazvina kuitika. Ryazanshchina yakanga iri munharaunda yekutungamirirwa kweVsevolod Big Nest. Akaramba kupa Svyatoslav kubvuma kwake kuonekwa kwevarwi vake pedyo nemiganhu yavo. Somugumisiro, muna 1194 mutungamiri weKijiya akagumisa kuronga kwekuronga uye nokukurumidza akafa. Kufa kweSvyatoslav Vsevolodovich, iyo yaiva chivimbiso chekugadzikana uye kugadzikana kweSouth Russia, kwakatungamirira kune imwe hondo yepececine pakati pe Olgovichi naRostislavichi.