Chinonyanya ductile simbi - goridhe

Gold - ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa simbi munhau, mutsika, mune zvoupfumi. Nokuti nhaka akateura nzizi ropa, yakapenya kukakavara mhuri uye kunyange hondo dzairwiwa. kukosha kwayo nokuti yose yevanhu budiriro inobva ayo akasiyana zvemakemikari uye mumuviri zvivako, pamusoro peculiarities ari womukati mamiriro.

Gold - ndicho ductile simbi. Unhu uhwu zvinoita nevakawanda kwese kubva zvishongo nyaya microelectronics.

Chinonyanya "simbi" simbi

Ndarama pfungwa zvose zvikuru pachena zvinhu masayendisiti vanodana simbi. Nokuti magetsi conductivity, zviri wechipiri chete sirivha, mhangura uye akachena palladium. Thermal conductivity - zvakafanana sirivha, mhangura uye cobalt. By kwaniso yekubata kupisa simba wechipiri chete nendarama zvekumwe bismuth, nemekiyuri uye sirivha mberi. Nokuti mamwe "simbi" zvivako - malleability uye chiedza yokufungisisa - ndiko shasha. Gold - ndicho ductile simbi munyika, uye ayo anopenya - pfungwa yacho kunozivikanwa.

The samolecular maumbirwo nendarama kwazvo "simbi". Chinhu geometrically dzose yekamuri zvakanaka ions ari nodes uye guru gore kufungisisa "e" mamwe gasi therebetween. Ichi chikamu atomu kunobvumirwa vakasununguka maerekitironi, dzinongoda pamusoro rokunze simba revarombo. Ivo kusika anokwezva simba pakati yekamuri nodes kuti anopa kukwanisa deform chicherwa pasina kukanganisa zvinonyatsorehwa kuvimbika. Ndizvo nzira inonyanya ductile simbi.

Kutsunga plasticity

Kubva Greek Πλαστική ( "sculpting", "Kuumbwa") anouya shoko "mapurasitiki", akapa mudzi vamwe chokuita nokuchinja muchimiro yakasimba. Plasticity - Solid State pfuma kushandura chimiro uye kukura uye kuramba residual deformation pashure kugumiswa nechitarisiko ehondo pasina kuchinja vhoriyamu uye Break.

For nesimbi, ndiwo mumwe anokosha unhu unobvumira kuzvishandisa uchidzidzira. Pasina kukwanisa Kochekera workpieces dzakagadzirwa nesimbi zvandinenge chimiro izvozvo zvaisazomboitika kunyange nyore zvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Gold - zvikuru ductile simbi, uye nyaya dzacho - muenzaniso chii chimiro unogona kuita ateerere zvinhu yakakwana nokuchengetedza, kumanikidzwa rinopfungaira, tatamuka, kudhirowa, etc. kuderedza pfungwa enzvimbo acho pfava ...

ductility bvunzo

Zvinoitwa nesimbi ductility kazhinji kunotsanangurwa pasi kunofambira mberi nemiedzo. Chinonyanya kukosha ndiyo tensile bvunzo. Kuti uzive inova ductile simbi, anofanira pasi rinokosha wakaenzana saizi ivhu pasi tembiricha ezvinhu akafanana. deformation uwandu iro rinogona kutsungirira simbi chiratidzazvizhinji pamberi atsamwira, - ane vavariro mwero ductility.

Kusanganiswa mashoko ari tensile bvunzo mugumisiro uri mbiri chikuru. Elongation - the chikamu chichiwedzera urefu dzokuenzanisira pashure pakakoromoka anokonzerwa deformation kusvika chepakutanga. Chinonyanya ductile simbi - goridhe - ane mwero - 65%. Enzanisa: simbi - 40-50 kubva aruminiyamu - 30-40.

The chokukomborerwa chechipiri plasticity - hama aienda kwomuchinjikwa-sectional mharidzo. Gold ane chikamu kwokutanga dzokuenzanisira 90% kupfuura nezvaanazvo pamberi yokuzorora. In aruminiyamu, nhamba iyi - 80% hwemhangura - 75%.

Soft, ductile uye hunogara

Maererano Mohs kutambudzwa pokuoma panguva goridhe unodiwa - 2.5-3.7. In zvayo yakachena chimiro simbi iyi zvikuru manyoro akawanda zvakafanana zvinhu uye ndikamumara nebanga kana nzara. Saka, kudzivisa nokukurumidza nyaya vapfeke goridhe, nokuti avo kugadzira simbi akawedzera ligature inokosha muedzo okunze, yemanyorero sirivha kana mhangura. Pane vane goridhe uye kunokuvadza netsvina. Zvikuru ductile simbi iri periodic table pamberi mutobvu, Platinum, cadmium kana nesafuri anova haungatani kuputsika.

The softness chaiwo hunhu ndarama, zviri nechimwe chacho kusimba uye ductility. Nyore Kuumbwa uye kubudiswa mashoko kuzadzikiswa mukuru wevakuru simba tensile - 3300 makirogiramu / masendimita ^2. Ichi yakasiyana zvaainazvo mumuviri zvemaziso zvivako nendarama rinoshandiswa kwenguva refu. Muenzaniso - goridhe shizha.

Domes muna Russia Croutes yakaisvonaka ...

Pasinei kare ndarama, simbi iyi yagara vaiva isingawanzowanikwi uye anokosha. Ndicho zvikuru ductile simbi. Uku kunoita kushandisa goridhe foil nokuda decoration mukati okunze, kana kunyange vabhadhare inobudirira domes chechi. Very shoma simbi inokosha inodiwa yokunamisa hombe nharaunda 1 giremu nendiro kunogona semucheka kwakajeka zvinoonekwa nharaunda 1 mamita ^2.

Kunyange nzira Chinyorwa kubereka machira ndarama yakanamirwa pamifananidzo runoita kuti vabudirire Ukobvu rimwe kuzviuru ane millimeter. ukobvu Izvi zvinoita maplatelet nendarama kuramba panyika nokuda samolecular kukwezvana. Mabikirwo hwokubereka tinsel yekudyidzana hwakavandudzika. Zvino flattening machira goridhe akashandisa robotic mutsetse, asi kuburikidza muitiro - mukuru ductility kutanga zvinhu.

ndarama shinda

Kugona yegoridhe kukurira rimwe tensile simba pasina nokuputsa kuvazivisa kubva pakutanga kwayo ezvokutengeserana kushandiswa. Kuita waya kuti zvishongo yakatangwa Kare - vanatenzi vekare vaiziva kuti simbi ndiyo epurasitiki. In pakati XX remakore ikabereka microwire pamwe panozogadzirika goridhe, izvo kunyange mapurasitiki kuputira yakanga ka7 wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose kupfuura bvudzi kwevanhu. Kubva 1 giremu ndarama simbi ndokukweverwazve kuramba filament anenge 3,5? Km refu.

Yanhasi zvemichina vakauya nendarama waya Ukobvu kusvika microns wandei, pakuzadzisa kwesayenzi zvakanakira simbi mberi.