Chii gametophyte (mifananidzo, unhu, unhu)

Ose muviri mhenyu anoenda kuburikidza imwe upenyu kutenderera: kubva pamuviri (Bookmarks) rufu (rufu), uye chirimwa hakusi kurwadziwa. Dzavo runoratidza ndiye kubereka muitiro iri rakatumbuka sporophyte uye gametophyte.

Uye ndizvo zvakataurwa gametophyte - ongorora muudzame munyaya ino. Zvinofanira akati kuti kazhinji gametophyte ari kungogara, uye ipapo, pamwe chete sporophytes kana zvakananga kunoenderana payo.

Chii gametophyte?

Shoko rokuti "gametophyte" rinobva pashoko rechiGiriki rokuti "gamete", kureva. E. Reproductive sero uye phyton (chirimwa) uye anoshandura sezvo kurara chizvarwa kana mumwe nzendo chirimwa kukura. In zvipenyu, zviri haploid utachiona chizvarwa ane tsamba rokuti - «N».

mhando

Kuti tinzwisise kuti gametophyte zvinokosha kunzwisisa sei kuumbwa uye kuti ndiyo. Gametophyte chinhu nevamwe chepfungwa zvinoratidza miti vari mukirasi yakakwirira spore. Zvichienderana Kusiyanisa iri gametophyte zvingamuka gametangia (rokubereka nhengo pabonde kubereka) pakubhadhara maviri: munhurume nomunhukadzi.

rutoto Features

Yose muitiro zvepabonde kubereka mune miti iri muchimiro conjugation (semuna. E. Two akazvimirira protoplast Fusion vegetative masero). Kazhinji mumwe chete munhu anogona panguva kuva zvose gametes kana spores. Asi pane zviitiko kana nharo dziri kukura chete mhando imwe, uye gametes kungobva mumwe. Individual, iyo anova spores, akadana sporophyte, uye imwe iri iyo gametes vari kuumbwa - gametophyte.

Gametophyte mune miti

Gametophyte iri zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi uye ngochani. In sporophyte diploid nuclei vane chromosome yakatarwa, asi havana haploid gametophyte. Ruzhinji rwakapindura zvikuru algae uye zvinenge zvose yepamusoro zvinomera vane muenzaniso vakasiyana muna cyclical kukura uye alternation zvizvarwa, izvo kuburitswa asexually uye unzenza.

Schematically, kuti maberekero muitiro unogona kumiririrwa sezvinotevera: gametophyte → → kugadzirwa gamete Fusion pamusoro gametes zygote inotungamirwa → → → kukura ane diploid sporophyte uye zvichingodaro.

Gametophyte mamiriro rakanyatsojeka siyana, uye izvi zvinoenderana norudzi generational kuchinja avo kana dzimwe mhando zvinomera. Somuenzaniso, algae iri dzakaona monotonous alternation zvizvarwa (isomorphic), saka gametophyte ivo yaimirira yakazvimirira Unit, iri yoga uye asingauyi kwakasiyana chete sporophyte.

Uye pano panguva laminaria algae, vane nevamwe (heteromorphic) kukura kunoita kuti gametophyte zvakasiyana zvachose, rakasiyana sporophyte, chivakwa muchimiro pasi kunyatsobudirira uye mapazi filamentous thalli. Zvinenge zvose vamiririri sporophytes, kusanganisira panguva Fern, iyo gametophyte anoita underdeveloped uye pane pfupi chaizvo nguva.

Nokuti kuti mukufamba shanduka mune miti vaikudzwa vevaGiriki paiva rutapudzo anotsvedzerera gametophyte, ivo vakarasikirwa dzepabonde kuzivikanwa kwavo. Somuenzaniso, mbeu zvirimwa zvachose chizvarwa vakadzi, uye zvose zvorwendo kukura zvaitika pamusoro sporophyte.

Female gametophyte gymnosperms aimiririra zvipuka zvine masero akawanda haploid endosperm kana kupfuura archegonia sezvo nemipaini kana zvimwe gymnosperms azvaitwa. In ravnosporovyh Vamiririri prothallia Fern zvirimwa vari aroorane.

Male gametophyte mbeu miti ane chimiro mukume uye zvinobva microspores iyo inowanikwa gametes mu hunovambira mukume chubhu. Asi prothallia ravnosporovyh Fern - zvepabonde nevarume uyewo nevakadzi.

Nokudaro, gametophyte hakutsamiri nguva zvinomera kana chirimwa upenyu, uye chete zvayo mhando uye shanduka zvinhu.

mhedziso

Nokudaro, gametophyte, ari pabonde Zera iri chirimwa kukura uye zvinoratidza yakananga uye sequential alternation zvizvarwa zvayo mhando, ane zvakawanda zvinhu. Chokutanga, zviri aumba kubva nharo ane haploid yakatarwa okutodza uye gametes nguva dzose nezvimiro pasinei iri kushandiswa pabonde nhengo kana masero vegetative.

Zvino munoziva kuti gametophyte uye chii zvimwe zvayo.