Simbi alloys

Metal alloys vari emura uye zvakasimba hurongwa. Vari inoumbwa alloying maviri kana kupfuura zvinhu. Batanidza simbi wo zvakasiyana. Pakutanga wainyatsotaura izwi raireva chete zvokuvakisa rine esimbi ehupfumi. Zvisinei, pamwe kukurumidza kukura kwezvinhu zvemazuva ano uye tsanangudzo wefizikisi akawedzera zvikuru uye vakapararira.

Nesimbi uye simbi alloys anoshandiswa nevakawanda mune zvaAtemisi midziyo kuvakwa, michina, maturusi nezvimwe zvinhu. Pasinei kumbonyanya yakakwirira hwakapararira kugadzirwa unoitisa rakagadzirwa nevanhu, zvibereko pamusoro zvinhu kazhinji zvinoumba hwaro design, uye nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti mune foreseeable ramangwana, achachengeta nzvimbo dzavo.

pasi uye alkaline alkali simbi (K, Na, Ca, Li) mune Free State zvinoshandiswa yenyukireya reactors somunhu mvura simbi. Yavaibvisa rinoshandiswa sezvo anowedzera iri zvaAtemisi rabha, lithium - doping akasimba, lightweight aruminiyamu yeimwe. Ivo zvinoshandiswa ndege.

Simbi (garo simbi) anowanikwa sezvingatarisirwa ari munyu, oxides uye ores. Kazhinji, yakachena muchimiro zvakasikwa zvinhu zviri mishonga kugadzikana (Au, Pt, cu, AG). Pakati akazaruka zvinhu zviri Periodic Mendeleyev System makumi manomwe nezvitanhatu anoreva nesimbi, Si, Se, Ge, Te , Kana - kune zvenguva nhengo pakati nesimbi uye nonmetals, dzimwe nguva inonzi, uye semimetals.

Metallic zvokuvakisa dzinoiswa mapoka makuru maviri. Chokutanga simbi uye alloys ayo (simbi uye simbi), kune wechipiri - nonferrous nesimbi uye nonferrous simbi alloys. The yokupedzisira, akavapindurawo, akakamurwa:

- chiedza (arambe achirema anosvika 5 magiramu / cm3);

- rinorema (arambe achirema kupfuura 10 magiramu / cm3);

- fusible (pamwe Inzvimbo pfungwa kubva 232 kusvika 410 madhigirii);

- refractory (kubvunda tembiricha hukuru kupfuura simbi);

- Noble (kuva mukuru ngura kuramba).

Metals vane ehupfumi zvakasiyana. Saka, Somuenzaniso, nemekiyuri yaita chando achifuridzirwa tembiricha kubvisa 38,8 madhigirii, tungsten, anokwanisa withstanding iri uchishandisa tembiricha anosvika 2000 madhigirii, yavaibvisa, lithium, potassium vakareruka kupfuura mvura, uye osmium uye iridium zvairema kupfuura lithium ari-mana kaviri. Munenge zvose simbi alloys vane hunhu ayo se marongerwo uye Zvinoumba remubatanidzwa maererano kutonhora uye solidification ezvinhu, zvemaziso uye chafariz kurapwa. Kutonhora kana kudziyisa kukonzera kuchinja mune maumbirwo simbi yeimwe. Izviwo, ane simba pamusoro mumuviri, zvemaziso uye makemikari zvivako, unhu acho panguva kubudiswa uye kushandiswa.

Nyanzvi ziva zvinotevera mukuru zvivako chainge chakagadzirwa nesimbi uye alloys:

1. High chafariz conductivity.
2. Inosimudzira ductility.
3. High magetsi conductivity.
4. Positive tembiricha parameter electric nemishonga. reshiyo unomiririra kurwisa kuwedzera pamwe kuwedzera tembiricha, uye dzimwe tembiricha pedyo kumhedziso razero - superconductivity zhinji esimbi zvinhu.
5. High reflectivity. Metallic zvinhu hazvisi yakajeka uye vane maitiro esimbi kubwinya.
6. Thermionic achine - kukwanisa emit maerekitironi kana neshungu.
7. In yakasimba wehurumende sekristaro mamiriro.

Kuziva uye kupupurira zvivako zvine simbi alloys, vanachiremba kushandisa dzakasiyana-siyana kudzora nzira, kusanganisira dzinoparadza. Saka, esimbi zvinhu akaedzwa kuti plasticity, simba, kupisa nemishonga, uye kuramba ngura. Panguva iyoyo vari kushandisa non-kunoparadza kuzvidzora nzira. Izvi zvinosanganisira nokuyerwa rinobva, Manyiminya, zvemagetsi ehupfumi, noukukutu indekisi kutsunga.