The yepamusorosoro uye kuderedza kudiwa. Chii munzanga basa ita rezasi dzevanhu zvinodiwa?

Kudiwa mamiriro muviri zvinodiwa, izvo kunooneka pacharo mune munhu zvichienderana chinangwa ezvinhu chokuvapo uye kubudirira.

kupatsanura zvinodiwa

The sainzi wepfungwa Vanzveri kuti kutaridzwa rezasi uye yakakwirira hurongwa zvinodiwa. Panyaya iyi, hunhu zvinodiwa nevanhu zvokuti nechitarisiko muchikwata wechipiri, sezvo mutemo, haagoni kutanga yapera.

Saka, Somuenzaniso, BF Chinyorwa akaitira mapoka maviri zvinodiwa:

• zvinokosha,
• Dérivés.

Boka rokutanga nezvezvandaifanira zvinhu ezvinhu uye mari zvinokosha, uyewo cognition, kukurukurirana, uye zvinokuvaraidza. Dérivés zvinodiwa vanowira ruzivo, tsika, aesthetic nezvimwe.

Uyewo, VG Aseev, differentiating yakakwirira-kuitira zvinodiwa pane marudzi anotevera:

• basa,
• utsanzi
• kutaurirana (kusanganisira kudiwa chavanopinda)
• aesthetic,
• tsika,
• zvishande.

Pfungwa chido Maslow

The kupfuura kuzivikanwa muna mupfungwa sayenzi anoonekwa kuva akanyatsorongwa pakati zvinodiwa American kwepfungwa Abraham Maslow (kureva. N. Maslow kuti akanyatsorongwa, 1954). Munyori rinozivisa huru muzvikamu shanu - dzakanga uye ezasi zvinodiwa:

• vasiri (kudya, kurara, etc.),
• kudikanwa kuchengeteka,
• kudiwa rudo uye ndezvake,
• kudiwa kuzivikanwa uye kuremekedza,
• kudiwa yokuzviratidza.

Uyewo, zvimwe zvinyorwa, akanyatsorongwa ichi rinomiririrwa mu uwane muchimiro: pakati 4th uye 5th matanho vamire panze kunyange zvishande uye aesthetic zvinodiwa.

Primary, nechepazasi dzevanhu zvinodiwa, muri kutoita pachena pavaizvarwa. Higher kuumbwa zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvo waguta chikuru, panguva kukura wacho unhu. Maslow aidavira kuti marongerwo nokutongwa pamusoro inotungamirwa zvinodiwa Hazvirevi tsika ezvinhu okukura.

Basa repasi zvinodiwa munyika

Kana netsika, maererano Maslow, regai kukanganisa murayiro inotungamirwa zvinodiwa nevanhu, chinhu pamusoro chaizvo ari paumbwe pachavo saka hatigoni kutaura zvinodiwa. Haisi pamusoro dzakakwirira zvinodiwa, asi ezasi zvakare. Chii evanhu rinoitwa kutakura akaderera zvinodiwa?

Unmet chinodiwa kunomutsa nezvebasa wacho, kumumanikidza kuti mikana kwayo kugutsikana. Saka, kana munhu ane nzara, achaita chiito kuwana zvokudya (vasiri zvinodiwa). Somuenzaniso, enda ndibhadhare mari muchitoro kana kuenda Datenroku, resitorendi uye zvichingodaro. D. sei ichi sei kukura kwenzanga? Nokusarudza zvimwe zvokudya, munhu nokudaro vachiwedzera kudiwa navo pachena pamusika. Kana isu nekuwanza basa iri kuwanda vanhu munyika vari zvinogona vatengi zvokudya, tinowana zvizere nenhanho kudiwa.

Saka, pakupindura mubvunzo pamusoro chii basa evanhu akaderera kudiwa, tinoona kutanga socio-upfumi ushande. Inogona rakatangwa muna yechinangwa zvimwe zvinodiwa nevanhu zvinokosha - kureva, kuchengeteka. Somuenzaniso, apo kubhadhara kunorapwa kana apo achiisa inishuwarenzi.

Ukuwo, rinotungamirirwa kudiwa akachengeteka, munhu anogona kusarudza vachida imwe kukwikwidza musarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Somuenzaniso, kana munhu aikwikwidza anopikira zvimwe zvinobatsira kuti vamwe Mapato vemunyika, kana urongwa govera mamwe mari pakurwisa kwemhosva uye zvichingodaro .. In iyi, kukurukura mubvunzo chii munzanga basa ita rezasi kudiwa, tinogona kutaura mumagariro uye enyika mabasa uye t. d.

The "tsika" Kushandurwa zvinodiwa

Uyewo ANODZIDZA British B. Malinowski formulates pfungwa yakatanga nzanga pave "tsika" mhinduro zvipenyu zvinodiwa wacho. Chii munzanga basa ita rezasi kudiwa, maererano nepfungwa iyi? Sezvo mukuru Rinokurudzira mabasa evanhu, ivo panguva kuva manyuko mumagariro kukura.

Malinowski chinosiyanisa t. N. batsira chaizvo tsika kutangwa (imperatives), izvo rinorondedzerwa ( "tsika") mabasa: kudzidzisa, mutemo, budiriro, rudo, etc. Vari zvose unenge wava tsime vasinganyatsooni zvoutachiona zvinodiwa munyika .. A rinokosha pakuita izvi nyaya rakapiwa evanhu masangano - zvakadai semhuri, dzidzo, magariro kuzvidzora, dzezvoupfumi, kutenda hurongwa, uye vamwe.

American ANODZIDZA anovandudza pfungwa yokuti mumwe munhu angada kutora nzvimbo muvanhu kuburikidza chaiyo tsika kushanduka. Kunobva mugadziriro iyi tsika.

Saka, tsika, maererano Malinowski pfungwa anoita somunhu chaiye uye zvokunamata gadziriro kuitira kuvapo kwayo uye munhu anogona kukonzera kugutsa kwake chaivo zvaidiwa. Ukuwo, tsika pachayo migumisiro matambudziko izvi zvinodiwa pamusoro hwomunhu kukura. Saka, kureva kudyidzana chaivo zvinodiwa uye tsika nemagariro, isu vanopemberera maviri ane mativi hunhu kwacho.