Damped oscillation

Oscillatory pezvakaitwa vakombe munhu kwese. Fani iyi imhaka chokuti, chokutanga, zvakasikwa, pane mamiriro ezvinhu akawanda (mumuviri, kemikari, makemikari, etc.), umo vibrations kuitika, kusanganisira damped oscillations. Chechipiri, pane chokwadi yakatipota pane zvakasiyana siyana oscillating gadziriro vane kuvapo kwazvo ane chokuita oscillatory pezvakaitwa hombe. azvaiitwa zvose zvakatipoteredza, ivo munguva chekubuda kuitika mune tambo, chiedza mananara, chinozunguzirwa kupararira, uye zvakawanda. Pakupedzisira, munhu pachake, kana panzvimbo womunhu, chinhu oscillating Hurongwa, ane upenyu inopiwa marudzi akasiyana nokufamba - kurova kwehana, kufema, kufamba kweropa, richiripo kufamba.

Saka, vari kudzidza sayenzi siyana, kusanganisira interdisciplinary. Nyore uye yepakutanga muchidzidzo ichi vari vakasununguka vibrations. Ivo vanoonekwa ne kuneta pamusoro vibrational simba pamusoro kupomba, saka pakupedzisira akamira uye nekuti nokufamba vakadaro takatsunga ne pfungwa damped oscillations.

Muna oscillatory hurongwa chinangwa kunoitika simba kurasikirwa kwacho (mu zvemaziso gadziriro - nokuda kukweshera mu yemagetsi - nokuda pamberi yemagetsi nemishonga). Ndokusaka damped oscillations kwakadaro hazvigoni semhosva harmonic. Akapiwa ichi kwokutanga mashoko, tinogona mathematically hwokurara Somuenzaniso, hurongwa ari damped oscillations payakavakirwa akaratidza sezvo: F = - Rv = -r yori / DT. In yemaitiro ichi, R nemishonga coefficient, kugara ukoshi. Maererano yemaitiro, tinogona kugumisa kuti kukosha velocity (V) nokuti hurongwa maererano nemishonga ukoshi. Asi kuvapo chiratidzo "-" zvinoreva kuti uto Vector (F) uye speed siyana hunhu.

Kushandisa mukana wokuti vanhu vanga wechipiri Newton Law, uye kufungisisa simba kurwisa mauto, mukana wokuti vanhu vanga ndozvavava damped oscillation kufamba kwacho anotora zvinotevera chimiro: mu pamberi kurwisa simba ane chimiro: D ^ 2x / dt2 + 2β DT / DT + ω2 x = 0. In fomura ichi β - damping coefficient, izvo zvinoratidza mwero danho iri oscillatory kwacho.

Zvikuru mukana wokuti vanhu vanga zvakafanana kunogona kuwanikwa ive remudunhu yemagetsi, kufungisisa damping uye akawedzera kurutivi voltage donhwe mhiri resistor muUri rworuboshwe. Chete iyi, iyo differential mukana wokuti vanhu vanga hauna kunyorwa panguva zvaizopedza (T), uye kuti undoraira capacitor Q (T); kukweshera coefficient R kuchatsiviwa yemagetsi wedunhu kuramba R; 2 sezvamakaropafadzwa β = R / L, apo K - redunhu nemishonga, L - Kureba cheni.

Kana pachishandiswa Masvomhu izvi kuti vavake unoenderana calculators, unogona kuona kuti girafu pakati damped oscillations akafanana chaizvo Graphics harmonic oscillations, asi amplitude pakati oscillations zvishoma nezvishoma shoma exponentially.

Akapiwa chokwadi kuti oscillations inogona anoitwa siyana oscillatory gadziriro uye kuitika nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana runyararo, zvakakodzera anoratidza kuti, kworudzii ezvinhu isu funga neimwe nyaya. Kubva ichi kuvimba kwete chete pane chinokosha zviri oscillatory urongwa, asi kune vanetsane - hunhu oscillations iri pakutsvaga hurongwa pachayo uye nzvimbo yaro kupatsanura. Hatina, muchiitiko ichi, vaiona mumwe apo ehupfumi wegadziriro kuramba kuchinja tichidzidza oscillatory rikurumidze. Somuenzaniso, taifunga kuti kwacho hazvichinji elasticity remvura, simba regiravhiti kuita pamusoro mutoro, uye nemagetsi hurongwa kuramba chete zvichienderana nemishonga yacho nokukurumidza kana kumhanyisa kuti oscillating tsika. Kwakadaro hurongwa oscillatory dzinonzi Linear.