Ecological Pyramid - nayo .. Vanotonga zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza chepiramidhi. mienzaniso

Kazhinji kudzidza zvipenyu mapiramidhi kunokonzera zvinetso zvikuru vadzidzi. Kutaura zvazviri, kunyange chinyakare uye lightweight zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza Pyramid kutanga kudzidza zvakawanda kuenda kukireshi uye chikoro vana muchikoro chepuraimari. Ecology ari nesayenzi mumakore achangodarika makatanga kubhadhara yakawanda kuteerera, nokuti sayenzi iyi inoita basa rinokosha ano. Ecological Pyramid - zviri chikamu ikoroji sechinhu sainzi. Kuti tinzwisise chii, unofanira kuverenga nyaya ino.

Ndeipi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza piramidhi?

Ecological Pyramid - ndiwo magadzirirwo inowanzotaurwa anoratidzwa mu chimiro netriangle kwakajeka. mhando idzi dzinomiririra trophic maumbirwo biocenosis. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kwezvakatipoteredza Pyramid dzinomirira nhamba yevanhu, avo biomass kana chitsama simba kuti zviri mairi. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anogona kuratidza munhu chakarurama. Saka, izvi zvinoreva kuti zvakatipoteredza mapiramidhi rinogona pakubhadhara anoverengeka: chepiramidhi, izvo zvinoratidza kuti nhamba yevanhu, chepiramidhi, izvo zvinoreva nhamba yevanhu kunomiririrwa biomass uye ichangobva kwezvakatipoteredza piramidhi, iyo inoratidza uwandu simba iri specimens izvi.

Chii chepiramidhi nhamba?

Pyramid nhamba (kana nhamba) inoratidza nhamba zvipenyu imwe neimwe trophic chechetere. muenzaniso uyu zvakatipoteredza hwakajeka inogona kushandiswa mune zvesayenzi, asi zviri apo neapo. Links ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza piramidhi zhinji zvinogona kumiririrwa zvachose kuti kusaverengeka, kureva, zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza munharaunda mamiriro mune chepiramidhi rokuratidzira zvakaoma. Mukuwedzera, pane mumwe trophic pamwero pane vanhu vazhinji, nokuti dzimwe nguva zvinenge zvisingaiti kuratidza mamiriro hwakasimba biocenosis imwe azere akamboona.

MUENZANISO rokuvaka chepiramidhi nhamba

Kuti tinzwisise piramidhi nenhamba yayo kuvakwa, zvinokosha kuti tizive chii rudzi uye worudzii nekuita pakati pavo unosanganisira ichi zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza chepiramidhi. Mienzaniso ichataura zvino zvizere.

Regai mujinga chifananidzo vachava matani 1,000 reuswa. miriwo ichi, vanoti kuti 1 gore vachakwanisa pachavo Kufudza zvakasikwa ezvinhu kupukunyuka sezvakarayirwa mamiriyoni 26 mhando mhashu nezvimwe zvipembenene. Mhashu iyi zvichaparadzwa riri pamusoro zvinomera uye kunyora yechipiri trophic chechetere. Wechitatu trophic pamwero chichava 90 zviuru matatya kuti gore ukapisa zvokudya pazasi zvipembenene. About 300 Rainbow vachakwanisa kushandisa matatya aya nokuda kwegore, ukuwo, vachange iri rechitatu trophic pamwero ari chepiramidhi. Munhu mukuru achange iri kare panguva kumusoro zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza chepiramidhi, ichava wechishanu uye chokupedzisira link chain, kuti ndicho trophic chechetere. Izvi nokuti gore vanhu vachakwanisa uchapedza zvokudya kumativi 300 Rainbow. Zvadaro, murume ndiye soro link ngetani zvokudya, ukuwo, nechekare kuchiipedza iyo zvokudya hapana anogona. Sezvinoratidzwa nomuenzaniso chisipo Links vari munharaunda nhamba piramidhi hazviiti.

remazera biomass

Inogona kuva zvakasiyana zvivako zvichienderana mararamiro. Somuenzaniso, mashoko chepiramidhi pano zvinhu zvipenyu vangatarira zvikuru kufanana simba piramidhi. Izvi zvinoreva kuti biomass piramidhi inovakwa kuita kuti uwandu biomass kuchaita kuderera nomumwe anotevedzana trophic siyana.

Kazhinji, ari remazera biomass akadzidza kunyanya vadzidzi, nokuti zvinodiwa kunzwisisa zvimwe ruzivo muminda zvipenyu, ikoroji uye zvidzidzo zvemhuka. Izvi chepiramidhi kwezvakatipoteredza - ari mufananidzo hwakajeka inomiririra ukama pakati protsudentami (i.e. Organic zvinhu kubva inorganic vagadziri) uye vatengi (vanoshandisa izvi Organic zvinhu).

Ndezvipi vatengi uye protsudenty?

Kuti zvirokwazvo kunzwisisa musimboti rokuvaka chepiramidhi pamusoro biomass, zvakafanira kunzwisisa kuti vatengi uye protsudenty.

Protsudentami muri Organic zvinhu kubva inorganic vagadziri. Ndivo zvinomera. Somuenzaniso, mashizha zvinomera vanoshandisa carbon dioxide inobvisa (imwe inorganic fuma), uye zvibereko somugumisiro photosynthesis makemikari nyaya.

Consuments - Customer Data Organic zvinhu. In pano zvinhu zvipenyu vane mhuka uye vanhu, uye zvinogara mumvura zvinhu zvipenyu - mhuka zvomumvura siyana uye hove.

Inverted remazera biomass

Inverted remazera biomass ndiyo kuvakwa ane inverted netriangle pasi, kureva chawo ari akamanikana kupfuura pamusoro. Izvi zvinonzi chepiramidhi kunoshandurwa kana inverted. Environmental Pyramid ane rokuvaka mune iyi biomass protsudentov (Vanoburitsa Organic zvinhu) dererei kupfuura biomass yevatengi (vanoshandisa Organic zvinhu).

simba piramidhi

Sezvo tichiziva kuti zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza piramidhi - muenzaniso ane mararamiro kwakajeka. Mumwe inokosha zvipenyu mienzaniso iri graphical kuvakwa simba dziriko. The chepiramidhi, iyo inoratidza nokukurumidza uye nguva ndima zvokudya achishandisa cheni chikafu, anonzi chepiramidhi simba. Rave akagadzira kuti musayendisiti akakurumbira American, uyo aiva zvakatikomberedza uye wemhuka - Raymond Lindeman. Raymond akagadzira mutemo (kazhinji kwezvakatipoteredza Pyramid), uyo aiti kuti kuchinja kubva rezasi trophic pamwero anomirirwa haizopereri cheni zvokudya rinopfuura anenge 10% (more zvichidzika) simba kuti munhumbi yapfuura dhigiri zvakatipoteredza piramidhi. A mugove vasara simba yemanyorero kuitwa musi inokosha kwacho pachake izvi. Somugumisiro exchange kwacho kunenge zvipenyu vanorasikirwa vanenge 90% vayo simba.

Yomufananidzo simba chepiramidhi

Kutaura zvazviri, mutemo ndechokuti kuburikidza rokumusoro trophic mumatunhu anoenda duku zvikuru (kakawanda) simba kupfuura rezasi. Chikonzero ichi kuti mhuka huru nyama iduku zvikuru pane Somuenzaniso, matatya nezvipembenene.

Somuenzaniso, imwe mhuka yakadai, yakafanana nebere. Zvinogona kuva pamusoro, kureva panguva yokupedzisira chaizvo trophic sandara, nekuti zvakaoma kuwana mhuka kuti zvokudya kwavari. Kana dai kwakanga vazhinji mhuka kwaizoratidzwa kuparadzwa zvokudya mabheya, vangadai vakafa nokuti vaisagona kufura pachavo, sezvo nemabheya mashoma. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti simba piramidhi.

Pyramid rwokuzvarwa equilibria

vadzidzi vake vanotanga kudzidza muna 1-waya kana 2-graders, nokuti zvikuru nyore kunzwisisa, asi panguva imwe chete inokosha chaizvo somunhu chezvinonhuwira kwezvakatipoteredza nesayenzi. rwokuzvarwa nepakati Pyramid unoshanda zvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana, vose vari pano zvakasikwa, uye vari kushanda mungarava yepasi pegungwa. Kazhinji rinoshandiswa vazive vadzidzi kukosha ose chisikwa panyika. Kuti tinzwisise piramidhi dzinongoitika zvakanyatsoenzana, zvakakodzera funga mienzaniso.

Mienzaniso rokuvaka chepiramidhi dzinongoitika equilibria

Pyramid rwokuzvarwa equilibria anogona kuratidza kudyidzana pakati nzizi uye masango. Somuenzaniso, mumwe mufananidzo hwakajeka aratidze zvinotevera kudyidzana pakati zviwanikwa: masango akakura pamahombekombe erwizi, iyo vakaenda kure zvakadzama. The rwizi raiva nevanhu vakapfuma kwazvo, uye napamusoro dzarwo akakura maruva, howa, makwenzi. mvura yaro vaiva yakawanda hove. In muenzaniso uyu, ari zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mwero iri kuchengetwa. The rwizi rinopa acho mwando miti, miti zvinopawo mumvuri, usarega mvura kuti ipfungaire kubva kurwizi. Funga pakatarisana muenzaniso dzinongoitika zvakanyatsoenzana. Kana musango chinhu chinoitika, miti achapiswa kana akatema, rwizi aizoomesa pasina kuwana dziviriro. Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso kuparadzwa pakati zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nomwero.

Zvimwechete chingaitika nemhuka uye zvinomera. Funga namazizi, huni makonzo uye acorns. Acorns ndidzo nheyo chepiramidhi iri nezvakatipoteredza pachiyero zvakasikwa, nekuti havadyi chinhu, asi panguva imwe chete zvokudya nemakonzo. Rokuti wechipiri inotevera trophic pamwero chichava dondo mbeva. Vakaguta acorns. Pamusoro chepiramidhi ndivo namazizi, nokuti zvokudya pamusoro mbeva. Kana vakarasika acorns kuti kukura pamuti, makonzo richava chokudya uye vangatoziva kufa. Asi zvino hapana achafanira yemhou shiri, uye vose zvavo maonero richaparara. Ndicho yepanyama nepakati piramidhi.

Kuburikidza mapiramidhi izvi zvipenyu anogona kuongorora mamiriro zvakasikwa, mhuka uye vafunga zvakakodzera.