Rehydrogen cyanide: A fomura Muvuti kirasi

Rehydrogen cyanide kana hydrocyanic inonzi hydrocyanic acid. Hazvina Hauoneki, kugadzikana chaizvo uye pafoni, zvikuru zvinobata moto, ane pachena nokunhuhwira maarumondi. Hazvina zvikuru muchetura.

ehupfumi

Rehydrogen cyanide (HCN payakavakirwa) rinowanikwa zvakasikwa, izvozvo rinoungana zvimwe zvirimwa rave mugove yawo fodya utsi, chemubhotoro, kuparadzana ari kuchengetwa panguva chafariz manyowa kuti polyurethane uye zvinhu zvenaironi. fuma Uyu dzinongoitika zvipembenene uye anodzivirira mbeu uye mbeu dzakawanda kubva kurwisa zvipukanana. Somuenzaniso, zvinonzi huri nuclei pamusoro apricots, plums, Cherry, maarumondi.

Zvinonzi nyore hwakakanyiwa chero reshiyo pamwe ethyl doro, panyaya iyi uye mvura, pamwe uyewo zvaanoita uye aldehyde. Rehydrogen cyanide anova hwakasimba pa -13,3 Celsius, ari internet maumbirwo chando. Zvachinja kupinda gasi pa 25.7 inegumi. Gas iri vakareruka kupfuura mhepo.

zvinhu zvakasiyana tora hydrocyanic asidhi nyore. Izvi Somuenzaniso, rabha, micheka, kongiri, zvidhina, uye chero zvokudya. Rehydrogen cyanide yakavhenganiswa mhepo marudzi ane zvinobata moto, panhamo, kuti bhomba simba rinopfuura kuti TNT.

kushandiswa

Hydrocyanic asidhi rinoshandiswa kugadzirwa acrylonitrile, acrylates, vakazochinja vari kuti zvaAtemisi mapurasitiki. zvakakodzerawo kugadzira cyanogen chloride, acrylonitrile, amino acids uye fumigants kushandiswa mune zvokurima kuti chipembenene kudzora. Munyaya kwetunhu nitrile rabha uye chakaita zvokugadzirwa fibers, lactic asidhi uye plexiglass. Zvinobudirira kushandiswa rodent kuzvidzora, disinfection uye kuparadzwa tupukanana miti yemichero.

Transportation uye chengetedzo

Nokuti senga rehydrogen cyanide rinoshandiswa senzira kwekanguva chekuchengeta matangi mumidziyo, njanji mota. For zvachose okuchengetera kushandiswa pano kutwasuka cylindrical dura vhoriyamu kubva mashanu zviuru zvishanu cubic meters (zvinodiwa chinoita kuti 0.9-0.95). Atmospheric kumanikidzwa, tembiricha iri sepombi hauna ipfupi. Kufadza zvinobvumidzwa Huwandu okuchengetera - matani maviri.

muchetura

Headache, kugumbuka, kunzwa kurwadziwa mumuromo, kutya - zvose izvo zvinogona kukonzera rehydrogen cyanide. Human vachiona rinotanga pashure tikunde chikumbaridzo 0.3 MG / m ³ (cubed) - iri vakaomerwa bvumidzwa wevasungwa mumhepo nokushanda nzvimbo. Atmospheric mhepo nemisha havafaniri ane zvinopfuura 0.01 MG / m ^3.

Murume anotanga kunzwa mamirire omuarumondi kwakanaka pane wevasungwa pamusoro 2-5 MG / m ^3. With kuwedzera Kuwanda 5-20 MG / m ³ vanoonekwa zviratidzo wokutanga kurwadziwa mumusoro uye dzungu, nokushatiriswa pamusoro mucous membranes uye maziso, muromo vanonzwa shungu, rinowanikawo kusina kumukodzera pfungwa kutya. Mazhinji kuona wevasungwa pamusoro 50-60 MG / m ³ kunokonzera kuda kurutsa uye kurutsa, palpitations, mydriasis, pfari uye kurasikirwa chavanoziva. For dzinouraya zvakakwana fema kuti vapor pane wevasungwa 130 MG / m ³ paawa, uye pane imwe Kuwanda 220 MG / ^m3 nguva ipfupi kuti maminitsi mashanu. Zvinouraya wevasungwa uri 1500 MG / ^m3.

vasiri migumisiro

Prussic asidhi - imwe pfuma chinogona kukonzera tishu anoxia. Kana muchetura mumuviri womunhu kune kuwedzera okisijeni iri arterial uye venous ropa, nokudaro achidzikisa arterial-venous musiyano, somugumisiro, zvinyama okisijeni vapera iri zvikuru ipfupi. Rehydrogen cyanide aro munyu zvichinyungudutswa muropa, inowira Mucheka uye vakaitei nemashoko cytochrome oxidase. Pashure cyanide remubatanidzwa muchimiro trivalent simbi vachanetseka kushanda Erekitironi kuchinjirwa kune okisijeni mamorekuru. Nokuti kuti kwokupedzisira oxidation Unit zvinopera, yose muitiro kufema akashatirwa, kutambura kubva zvinyama hypoxia, nekuti kunyange okisijeni uye rikataurwa zvakanaka kwazvo, haisi kunyura uye akatumwa munzvimbo venous ropa iri kuchinja chimiro.

Panguva activation kuti glycolysis kunoitika munguva prussic iine acid chepfu: Exchange kuchinja kubva Kurovedza kusvikira anaerobic.

kubviswa tsaona

Rehydrogen cyanide (njodzi kirasi - 2) kunogona kuurayisa vanhu. Munguva Pashure tsaona, ayo chokuita nokusunungurwa kana spillage kuti NCH, nengozi riri mamita 400 kure. Zvakakodzera patsanura uye kubvisa vanhu, bvisa chero manyuko womoto, uye asiri kusvuta. Ko kuva kudivi leeward.

Apo mukati nharaunda ngozi kunodiwa kushandisa unodzivirira midziyo (insulating masiki kana kufema midziyo, uyewo ganda kudzivirira zvinoreva A-1, 5 yemisipiresi uye emisipiresi 4). Kunze chetyrehsotmetrovoy mapazi havagoni kushandisa ganda kudzivirirwa uye kushandisa maindasitiri uye vehurumende gasi nezvifukidziro vazvidzivirire kubva rurege muchetura.

Gas Masiki nezvimwe unodzivirira midziyo

Aibatanidza maoko Sefa Masiki dzinobudirira kana wevasungwa rehydrogen cyanide mudenga idukusa 2500 MG / ^m3. Industrial Sefa Masiki anechekuita panguva vaifanira bvumidzwa Kuwanda 6000 MG / ^m3. Zvisinei, kana mhute chikamu hydrocyanic asidhi mudenga ndiwo 7000-12000 MG / m ³ (7-12 g), kunyange akapfeka gasi chifukidzo, munhu mumaminitsi mashoma kunzwa zviratidzo nomuchetura nokuda kupinda kubudikidza ganda. Ndokusaka pane mukuru kuwanda kana pashure kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba ari mapazi kunodiwa kushandisa zvizere unodzivirira michina.