Chipenyu

The mupenyu biosphere fuma zvinosanganisira sezvamunoita kwayo sezvo Organic (mushonga) kana inorganic (chicherwa) zvinoriumba.

Kupfuura 90%, vakaumba zvikurukuru okisijeni, carbon, hydrogen senitrogen, vanoumba pasi uswa. Maererano nenyanzvi, nyaya mupenyu - mumwe Earth geochemical mauto "simba" vakawanda. Anovandudza vari mharadzano yacho hydrosphere, lithosphere uye mhepo. In yaivhuvhuta ezvinhu, kwemasayendisiti upenyu chiregai kana zvishoma zvokuti hapana kuratidzwa aionekwa upenyu. Saka, kuva mamiriro akarembedzwa kuchangamuka.

nyaya mhenyu ine zvinhu chaizvo zvechiratidzo.

Pakutanga, zvakanga kunoratidzwa akawandisa vakasununguka simba. Munguva yose inorganic fuma kuti mupenyu (simba mari) inogona kuenzaniswa ephemeral dhaka Rwako, asati nguva zvichitonhorera.

Mumwe mukuru zviri ndiko kumhanya nemakemikari. Ndivo panyaya mupenyu, mukusiyana kune vachiri, anowanikwa kakawanda nokukurumidza.

A nevamwe chinhu ndiyo nziyo. nyaya mhenyu zvinosanganisira vakaparadzana yeimwe (makemikari, mapuroteni, etc.). Izvi makemikari kuratidza kugadzikana chete pasi zvakanaka ezvinhu. Kazhinji ichi chinhu zvakare yo zvicherwa zvinoriumba.

nyaya mhenyu kunoita yokuzvidira kufamba. V. I. Vernadsky, muchitenda kuti sangano iri zvikurukuru kuzvidzora ndangariro, akasarudzwa vaviri yayo chaiyo siyana. The pusa chakaumbwa ruminant uye kuri mumashoko zvinomera uye mhuka. Kutungamirirwa kufamba zvipenyu (maitiro zvakawanda mhuka pane zvinomera) pave chinoshingaira fomu kufamba. nyaya mhenyu zvakare zvakasiyana chido kuzadza yose nzvimbo.

A maitiro chinhu ndiyo huru zvemakemikari uye morphological siyana. Kurarama nyaya kusiyana zvakadaro, kurege kuva chete mvura kana gaseous svikiro.

Zvakasikwa pane vakaparadzirwa muviri - nomumwe zvinenge. Vanoumba nyaya mhenyu. Muchiitiko ichi hazvisi panyika mune imwe morphologically akachena chimiro - muchimiro nevanhu vane zvinenge yokumiririra imwe mhando - iri nguva dzose biocenosis.

Chamazuva ose alternation zvizvarwa inopa majini kubatana ano chipenyu nyaya zvaiitika kare mazera. Kana chikamu ichi chinhu shanduka chichingoitwa. Nemamwe mashoko, kubereka rinoitwa kwete maererano mhedziso kopi vekare, uye kuburikidza nemakemikari uye morphological kuchinja.

Pane shanu zvikuru mashandiro anoita nyaya mhenyu.

1. Energy Absorção de Água ari kushanda rezuva simba kuburikidza photosynthesis, uye nomuti manyowa zvinhu - the Absorção de Água kwemakemikari simba.
2. Nokufamba upenyu mamwe kusarudza kuwanda kunoitika. Nyaya iyi inonzi yevasungwa. Zvingava muhombe kuwedzera wevasungwa ari svikiro hurongwa kana kuunganidza yakananga mumwe kana vamwe vanzwe, pasinei svikiro.
3. Payload basa iri abiogenous mineralization kuti makemikari zvinhu zviri manyowa zvisina upenyu inorganic zvigadzirwa munyaya chaivo kutenderera akaumba zvinoriumba.
4. Mararamiro basa iri kusanduka mumuviri uye namakemikari parameters kwezvakatipoteredza.
5. Nokuda kufamba zvokudya mukukurukurirana kuitika guru negurumwandira zvinhu uye zvido zvevanhu mirayiridzo pamusoro negiravhiti. Saka nezvifambiso basa rinoitwa.