Space ubanguranyika: kare, matambudziko uye kubudirira

Munguva ichangopfuura, vanhu wakapinda muchiuru chemakore chechitatu. Chii chakamirira nesu ramangwana? Zvirokwazvo pane matambudziko akawanda kuti zvinoda kubatanidzwa sarudzo. Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa masayendisiti, muna 2050 vepasi kuchasvika mabhiriyoni 11 nhamba. Man. Uye 94% kuwedzera zvichava kusimukira, uye 6 chete% munyika dzakabudirira. Uyezve, masayendisiti akadzidza kunetesa vasachembera, izvo yekudyidzana inowedzera lifespan.

Izvi zvinotisvitsa dambudziko itsva - pokushomeka kwezvokudya. Panguva iyoyo, inenge hafu bhiriyoni vanhu vari kufa nenzara. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, vanofa gore negore vanenge mamiriyoni 50. Kudyisa mabhiriyoni 11 vanofanira kuva 10-nedanga kuwedzera zvokudya. Uyezve, simba zvinodiwa upenyu vose ava vanhu. Izvi zvinotungamirira kuwedzera mafuta uye pakugadzira zvinhu dzokubudisa. Ko nyika varipo mutoro yakadaro?

Uye usakanganwa pamusoro kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuwedzera mwero kugadzirwa haina chete kwezvinoshandiswa zvinhu, asi kuchinja nyika okunze. Cars, simba zvinomera, mafekitari emit ane chitsama carbon dioxide inobvisa kuti inokudza kwepasi haasi kure. With kuwedzera tembiricha Panyika kuchatanga kubvunda mazitombo echando uye nokusimuka mvura mumatunhu ari mumakungwa. izvi zvose zviri zvikuru rwakashata kukanganisa evanhu. Zvingaita kutungamirira kunjodzi.

matambudziko aya achabatsira kugadzirisa nzvimbo kudziongorora. Funga nezvazvo. Pane anogona kufamba mbesa kuongorora Mars, ari Moon, unganidza zvinhu uye simba. Uye zvose achafanana muna mafirimu uye mapeji renyaya.

Energy kubva Space

Pari 90% yose yenyika simba yaunganidzwa nokupisa mafuta kumba yamavira, motokari injini uye boilers simba zvinomera. Pamakore 20, simba rakawanda kaviri. How zvikuru Zvakakwana zviwanikwa zvidikanwi zvedu?

Somuenzaniso, mafuta chete? Maererano Zvaifungidzirwa masayendisiti, ichagumisa pashure pemakore akawanda kudaro, zvakadini ane nhoroondo nzvimbo ubanguranyika, kuti ndiyo 50. Coal kuchapedza kwemakore 100, uye gasi munenge 40. Pakazosvika nzira, simba renyukireya riri ukama exhaustible zvinyorwa.

Tichingotarisa, nzira dambudziko tsvakurudzo simba wakaiswa muna 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore, kana yakagadzirwa maitiro yenyukireya Fusion. Sezvineiwo, zvichiri chin'a. Asi kunyange kana tikadzidza kudzora uye vawane simba iri guru kwazvo, izvozvo zvichaita kuti overheating yepasi uye kusingarapiki mamiriro ekunze. Pane imwe nzira kubva pakadai?

Three-dimensional indasitiri

Chokwadi, ichi nzvimbo kudziongorora. Unofanira kubuda, "mbiri-dimensional" iri indasitiri, "-dimensional matatu". Kuti, zvose simba-ndichibvunza kugadzira vaifanira kubva panyika muchadenga. Asi panguva kuti zvemari chine musoro. Mari simba ichi chichava 200 nguva kupfuura magetsi zvinoberekwa nokupisa Panyika. Plus chihombe mari aizomupa zvinoda kuvakwa guru nzvimbo zvechitima. Kazhinji, unofanira kumirira kusvikira vanhu vachange vanotora matanho nzvimbo ubanguranyika apo midziyo zvichabviswa hwakavandudzika uye kuderedza mari zvokuvakisa.

zuva nenzvimbo

Munhoroondo yose yepasi kuti vanhu akanakidzwa pamushana. Zvisinei, kukosha hakusi chete masikati. aifanira usiku yakareba: okuvimba zvivako, migwagwa, minda panguva zvokurima basa (pakudyara, kukohwa), etc. Uye kure kuchamhembe zuva asimo pamusoro jengachenga kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Zvinoita here kuwedzera masikati maawa? How musoro ndiko kusikwa rakagadzirwa nevanhu zuva? Yanhasi mberi muchadenga ubanguranyika inoita basa iri zvikuru shandika. Zvakakwana muna muchadenga nyika yakakodzera chishandiso kuratidzwa chiedza Panyika. Panyaya iyi, kunyatsoita zvinogona kuchinjwa.

Ndiani akazogadzira reflector?

Tinogona kutaura kuti nhoroondo nzvimbo ubanguranyika rakatanga muGermany nepfungwa rakasikwa extraterrestrial reflectors, dzataurwa nokuda injiniya wokuGermany Hermann Oberth muna 1929. pakuzadzisa Its kunogona kurondwa kusvikira basa musayendisiti Eric Kraft of US. Zvino vokuAmerica vari pedyo kupfuura kuti Implementation basa iri.

Zvayakaita, kuti reflector iri furemu pamusoro chakatasanurwa polymeric metallized firimu, tichiratidza nemwaranzi kubva zuva. PeDare luminous nekubudisa chichaitwa kudivi murayiro kubva Earth, kana zvaitika, maererano pre-yamunenge chirongwa.

Implementation nechirongwa

US kuti chakakomba mberi ubanguranyika nzvimbo uye vari pedyo zvikuru basa iri. Zvino, nyanzvi American ari kudzidza mukana achiisa muchadenga kuti satellites kuva. Vachange zvakananga pamusoro North America. 16 Wakaisa-reflector nezvionioni achatambanudza kwaedza maawa 2 maawa. reflectors vaviri vari kuronga kutumira Alaska, apo kuchawedzera kwaedza maawa sezvo zvikuru sezvo 3 maawa. Kana ukashandisa Satellite-reflectors kuti kuwedzera zuva mumaguta makuru, zvichaita dzinovapa yepamusoro uye shadowless chiedza kuti migwagwa, mikuru, zvivako, izvo zvechokwadi kunobatsira kubva zvoupfumi pfungwa maonero.

Reflectors muRussia

Somuenzaniso, kana kavha nzvimbo maguta mashanu zvakaenzana kukura muMoscow, nemhaka mutengo magetsi mari vacharipa munenge 4-5 makore. Uyezve, maitiro-reflector satellites pasina okuwedzera mari anogona chinja mumwe boka maguta. How kuchenesa mhepo, kana simba achauya kwete kubva smoky simba, asi kubva muchadenga! The chete chipingamupinyi kuzadziswa chirongwa ichi munyika yedu - ndiko kushaya mari. Naizvozvo, kuvandudzwa Russian nzvimbo anouya kwete kutsanya sezvataizoda.

extraterrestrial zvirimwa

Patova nemakore anopfuura 300 kubva kuwanikwa E. Torricelli Vacuum. It akabatanidzwa guru basa kukura kwemichina. Pashure pezvose, pasina kunzwisisa wefizikisi ari Vacuum hwaizodai kusika chero zvemagetsi kana womukati combustion injini. Asi izvi zvose ndowenyika indasitiri munyika. Zvakaoma kufungidzira mikana chii zvichaitawo Vacuum Pakadaro, sezvo nzvimbo kudziongorora. Wadii kuuya renyeredzi kushumira vanhu, kuvaka mafekitari ikoko? Vachange vari yakasiyana zvachose mamiriro, ari Vacuum, yakaderera-tembiricha, mukuru-simba manyuko zuva mwaranzi, uye weightlessness.

Zvino zvakaoma kuziva zvakanakira izvi nezvimwewo, asi tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti wakarurama ane tarenda tarisiro uye nyaya "Development kuburikidza kuvaka nzvimbo mutorwa miti" iri kuramba ichiva akakodzera kupfuura kare. Kana zuva mwaranzi pfungwa ne parabolic girazi, kuti inogona welded zvikamu zvakaitwa titanium alloys, Stainless simbi uye nevamwe. Kana kubvunda simbi pasi pano ezvinhu voparadzwa tsvina. A chidobi kuwedzera zvakakodzera ultrapure zvinhu. Sei kwavari? Unogona 'yokuturika "chicherwa ari remagineti. Kana zvayo gobvu ndiro duku, ipapo munda uyu achahuchengetera. The simbi anogona achanyauswa nokuisa therethrough refu Frequency kuitika.

In microgravity zvinhu zvinogona uchanyauka chero uremu uye kukura. Hatidi hapana chimiro kana crucibles rekukuputsirai. Panewo pasina chikonzero unozotevera nokugeda uye pakuonekwa. A utsotso zvinhu zvichava kana kwakajairika kana kwezuva yamavira. The Vacuum anogona kuitwa "chando nomoto": Zvakanaka nguo uye wakabatanidzwa pamwe simbi hukawanika kuumba kugadzikana chaizvo yeimwe.

In pano ezvinhu hazvigoni kuitwa pasina hombe semiconductor crystals zvikanganiso kuti kuderedza chatingatevedzera machipisi kubva kwavari uye namano. Nokuda weightlessness uye Vacuum unogona kuwana crystals pamwe unodikanwa ehupfumi.

Kuedza kushandisa pfungwa

Matanho rokutanga Implementation pfungwa idzi kwakaitwa muna 80s, kana nzvimbo ubanguranyika muna USSR rakanga chipatapata. Muna 1985, mainjiniya yakatanga Satellite kupinda muchadenga. Papera vhiki mbiri, kuti iye adzokerezve Earth mimwe zvinhu. chinonyengera kwakadaro kuva chiitiko pagore.

Mugore iroro chirongwa "Technology" akanga ava "Ndikwazisirei" NGO. Vakaronga kuvaka imwe nzvimbo motokari uremu matani 20 uye uremu matani 100. chirimwa. The mudziyo wacho yaipiwa pamwe ballistic capsules, izvo zvinofanira takaitwa kuti anunure zvigadzirwa Panyika. Basa racho kumboziva. Unogona kubvunza: nei? Uyu mwero dambudziko muchadenga ubanguranyika - kushaya mari. Rinoshanda munguva yedu.

nzvimbo misha

Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20 rakasvika tarenda nyaya K. E. Tsiolkovskogo "Beyond Earth". Mairi, iye anorondedzera wokutanga Galactic nemisha. Pari, kana pane kubudirira mune nzvimbo ubanguranyika, zvinokwanisika kuti anonge Implementation iyi naka chirongwa.

Muna 1974, mumwe purofesa wefizikisi pa Princeton University Gerard O'Neill yakazokudziridzwa uye akabudisa chirongwa Colonisation of renyeredzi. Iye zvinganaka muna muchadenga munowanikwa libration pfungwa (nzvimbo simba kukwezvana kwezuva, mwedzi uye Earth ripa mumwe). Maguta aya dzose nguva ichava panzvimbo imwe.

O ^'Neil akati kuti muna 2074 vakawanda vanhu kuchaita muchadenga uye achava mapfumo zvokudya uye simba zvinhu. Pasi richava paki hombe, isina maindasitiri, apo unogona kushandisa zororo renyu.

Model Colony O ^'Neal

Peaceful nzvimbo ubanguranyika Professor proposes kutanga pakuvaka muenzaniso e100m nharaunda. In ichi chivako anobvumawo vanenge 10 zviuru vanhu. The chikuru basa misha - kuvakwa rakatevera womuenzaniso, izvo zvinofanira kuva 10 nguva zvikuru. Dhayamita kuti nyuchi inotevera yakawedzera kusvika 6-7 km kureba ichiwedzerwa kusvika 20.

In vezvesayenzi kumativi chirongwa O ^'Neal achiri zvashata gakava. Munguva mapoka, vanhu arambe achirema chinopiwa kwavari ari pamusoro zvakafanana mumaguta enyika. Uye ichi ndicho zvikuru zvizhinji! Kunyanya kana ukafunga kuti panguva kupera kwevhiki hakuna kugona kubuda muguta. The mumapaki kuvhara vanhu vashoma vanoda kuzorora. Izvi asingarambiki kuenzaniswa ezvinhu oupenyu Panyika. Uye izvi muchisungwazve dzezvimwe zvinhu vakanga mupfungwa kugarisana uye akadzinga kuchinja nzvimbo? Ko vanhu vanoda kurarama ikoko? Asingadi nzvimbo namagariro zvigaro kupararira njodzi pose uye kurwisana? mibvunzo yose iyi vanoramba yakazaruka.

mhedziso

In pakadzika zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri vaumbe asingaverengeki zvinhu uye simba zvedu. Naizvozvo, kukura nzvimbo yevanhu zvino anofanira kuva pokutanga. Pashure pezvose, kana kubudirira, vanhu vakapiwa zvinhu achashumira vanhu.

Nepo nzvimbo ubanguranyika unotora yaro yokutanga matanho mirayiridzo iyi. Tinogona kutaura kuti zvinofambira mwana, asi nokufamba kwenguva anova munhu mukuru. The chikuru dambudziko muchadenga ubanguranyika - hazvisi kushayikwa pfungwa, asi kushayikwa mari. Zvaida rakakura pfuma. Asi kana imi enzanisa navo mari zvombo, uwandu haisi kwazvo. Somuenzaniso, zvinoderedza munyika remauto mari ne50% chichabatsira mashoma makore anotevera kuenda Mars matatu nzendo.

Munguva yedu, vanhu ari azadzwa pfungwa kubatana kwenyika uye kuongorora pokutanga kukura. A nzvimbo richava chiratidzo mushandirapamwe. Zviri nani kuvaka zvinomera pamusoro Mars uye Moon, kuunza zvikomborero izvi kune vanhu, chii anowedzera zvikuru vanokwanisa zvakatoitika futa pose yenyukireya zvose. Kune vanhu vanoti muchadenga ubanguranyika aigona kumirira. Kazhinji masayendisiti kuipindura sezvinotevera: "Chokwadi tinogona, nekuti zvose huchagara nokusingaperi, uye pano tiri zvinosuwisa, kwete."