Vakati yagadzirwa eyeglasses? History of pfungwa

90% mashoko kwezvakatipoteredza tinoona kuburikidza nemaziso. Kunyange muRoma yekare, vasayendisiti nevafungi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti munhu bofu anenge kuzvibatsira uye maturo. Vakati yagadzirwa eyeglasses? Clear mafungiro pamusoro nyaya iri hakuwaniki, asi pane zvakawanda zvekungofungira uye hwokuti angaziva zvakawanda nezvenhoroondo mudziyo uyu.

History of pfungwa

Vanochera matongo zvakawanikwa muguva Egyptian Farao Tutankhamun Sunglasses, uye Mambo Nero akatambura kupiswa nezuva uye vakanakidzwa neemaradhi, kare rakapinzwa pamatanda. Zvino kuvamba ichi anoshandisa chetatu vemo panyika.

Panguva matongo Zvakafukunurwa yakawanikwa rimwe kumbonyanya yokuwanda lenses muGreece, Egypt, Italy neMesopotamiya (the anowana ndeyemunguva pamusoro dating - makore 2500 asati RH). Uye ungwandangwanda Knossos Crete (Greece) akawanikwa izvo duku yakagadzirwa padombo sekristaro, kwakakonzerwa 1600 BC Tanga gogorosi kunoguma Sagoni, yomusi V-IV emakore B.

Zvisinei, izvi zvimwe zvakawanikwa zhinji uye kupa chikonzero chokudavira kuti lenses vakanga ipapo kushandiswa Manyiminya chiridzwa. Kunyange zvakanyorwa dzawanikwa optics dzisina mashoko kuti lenses akashandiswa kugadzirisa chiratidzo kuremara.

Nokugadzirwa kwakaitwa zvaiitwa

Mubvunzo ndewokuti - pavakanga yagadzirwa eyeglasses? Yokutanga magirazi Manyiminya, vane zvimwe zvakafanana nemashoko ano, akazviratidza Italy vakakomba XIII remakore. Nenzira, rokuItari tenzi girazi-mhosva, nokuikuya uye makorari vaionekwa chakanakisisa munyika. Kuti chete munhu zvakakodzera mukurumbira Venetian negirazi?!

Kwenguva refu rokuItari glassmakers vakashanda kusimba zvinhu, uye zvechokwadi vaiziva zvivako uye unhu regirazi, kusanganisira Manyiminya. Asi chete pfungwa kuti nokubatanidza lenses maviri nomukombero ndezvaiye Salvino Armati pakutanga kubva Florence. Ndiye akatanga zvinechinangwa kubudisa magirazi kuti chiratidzo kururamiswa, izvo zvaizoitawo pakutanga rakagadzirirwa vanhu chirwere presbyopia.

Muridzi pfungwa pakusika pfungwa?

Uyu ine ruzivo pamusoro apo vakanga yagadzirwa eyeglasses chete. Sezvo wava pachena, mhinduro inonzwisisika hapana, asi nevatsvakurudzi vakawanda kuti vanodavira kuti nokugadzirwa musi chikawira panguva XIII remakore.

Asi pane imwe, inonzwisisika mubvunzo ndiani akazogadzira eyeglasses? Pfungwa kugadzira mapango okuvaka ari lenses maviri ndezvaiye Salvino Armati, asi hazvibviri haana kuziva basa Oxford University muzvinafundo akakushandirai kudzidza mufananidzo refraction mu lenses. Zvakare XIII remakore - Roger Bacon aishanda 1214-1292, ukuwo.

Special nzeve anopiwa Kumashure nyaya basa Italian emhizha Alexander. Akanga ari XIII remakore vakatanga kubereka lenses kuti chiratidzo kururamiswa vozvitengesa kuruzhinji muna Pisa rakapoteredza. Asi XVI remakore kwakapfuura yakanakisisa nguva yokuti Manyiminya zvigadzirwa kwete - kurambidza kwokupfeka magirazi, sezvo vakawanda vanongoita havanzwisisi sei vanoshanda uye vasingagoni kuyera nzvimbo dzavo.

Kana uye sei vaiva vokutanga pfungwa?

By ani, sei uye vakati yagadzirwa eyeglasses? mubvunzo uyu wava zvose zvikuru pachena. Tinogona chete kuenda zvakadzama nhoroondo ichi chinokosha chishongedzo vanhu vazhinji. Kana kutanga pfungwa kokutanga akazviratidza XIII remakore, diffuser lenses vakaona chiedza chete XVI remakore - chokwadi ichi zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti magirazi vanhu vanotambura myopia, akazviratidza saka nokunonoka.

Kunyange zvakadaro, izvi ndizvo chinokosha budiriro mumunda okugadzirisa optics. Bvumiranai, kuvamba uyu crystals kana zvidimbu regirazi, kuburikidza icho vanhu vekare vakanga vachirwa vasingadzoreki nani zvikuru. A zvishoma anopfuura 700 makore asi pfungwa havana kurasa kushanda kwayo. Pamwe zvakagadzirwa zvakadai Laser kuvhiyiwa kana kuonana lenses, kugadzirwa magirazi kachiri chaizvo.

Interesting uye mafaro chokwadi pamusoro magirazi

Kutarisa nhoroondo nokugadzirwa kuitira nyaya dzakanga yagadzirwa eyeglasses uye ndiani muridzi pfungwa iyi, tinogona kuronda dzidziso iyi inokosha chishongedzo. Somuenzaniso, muna XIII remakore, zvakanga bedzi izvo, wakaiswa kwakajairika akaiendesa nzira inonyanya yakananga. XIV zera - imwe nguva monocle, inova izvo richengetwe kusvikira mubato pakureba kwezvokufuka kana cheni. Over nguva girazi kuti zvaiitwa, lenses uye mapuranga kuri yakagozha. Saka, nenguva isipi akaona chiedza lorgnettes uye Pince-nez, izvo kunyange akava mhando chiratidzo enguva.

Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti magirazi uye mamwe Manyiminya namano vakanga nani, kwete chete pane hwokugadzira divi - hweuprofita kuchinja uye chigadzirwa design, uyewo unhu kwayo uye zvinhu. Hazvishamisi kuti nokukurumidza zvakakwana pfungwa aigona kukuudza pamusoro mamiriro muridzi uye ndezvake yake imwe nhangemutange. Somuenzaniso, mashoko Spanish nemakurukota makafuka magirazi ake lenses huru kwazvo, izvo akasimbisa kwavo kuva vakuru vakuru.

magirazi Evolution nokuti zvawakaratidzwa kururamiswa

Panotaura riemukaari pakureba - the hama utsva yakauya kutsiva kuchitubu pfungwa, iyo kwazvo makachengeteka vasiyana mhino. Masters uye nyanzvi mumunda yavo haina akaponesa rakaisvonaka hafu vanhu - nokuti vakadzi yagadzirwa zano rinokosha unokubvumira pagomo pfungwa nyore pamusoro chivharo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti utsanzi ichi zvachakapararira ari XV-XVIII emakore, uye kwete chete pakati pavasikana: mukuru vakuru havana kufunga zvakakodzera kubvisa ngowani, saka mudziyo uyu zvaikosha kwavari.

Chokwadi, magirazi akanga asina kuwanikwa vose - ichi imhaka kwemitengo okuwana yavo. Kuti awane here yakajeka uye segirazi rinoonekera, zvinoda mari yakawanda, saka ivo nezvaaigona vanhu vakapfuma chete.

Uye zvakare musi panowanikwa pfungwa

Vakati yagadzirwa eyeglasses - kunonzwisisika. Asi kuti unogona kupindurwa pamusoro Sunglasses? Kana nokugadzirwa iri kutanga pamberi voruzhinji?

Oddly zvakakwana, kugadzirwa magirazi neziso vadzivirirwe zvakananga chezuva ndowenyika Eskimos. Kunyange zvazvo, kana iwe tarisa, vatorwa ichi zvose chinhu. The polar zuva riri kupenya zvakajeka zvikuru, uye kana imi kuwedzera ichi anodzimaidza yakachenesesa kwemaziso rakakura penzvimbo chando, uye chando kukwanisa kuratidza chezuva, zvinoita sokuti vagari Kure North kudiwa kuvamba uyu dzakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura pakati zvemo evamwe nharaunda. Sunglasses First aimiririra mapfupa ndiro chete mukudzokera akawanda kuti kuderedza kugara chiedza chezuva.

Useful ehupfumi ekuverengesa

Munhu wose anoziva kuti maziso - zviri kunokosha nhengo kuti pave mashoko akawandisa kubva kunze kwenyika. Ndokusaka utano hwavo inofanira kupiwa napo kutarisirwa uye nguva dzose kuti iongororwe anokwanisa nyanzvi.

Chero zvazvingava hazvina zvakakodzera kuita yakazvimirira vakasarudzwa magirazi kuti chiratidzo kururamiswa. Zvinangwa izvi, ipapo ophthalmologists. Zvakakosha kuedza kudzivirira maziso avo kubva zvikuru basa, nguva dzose achiita kwoushamwari-kumusoro, uye kuti vapiwewo imwe nguva kuzorora.

Chiizve unogona kuwedzera? Modern ruzivo kupa nemamwe nzira chiratidzo kururamiswa - ndiwo Laser oparesheni uye kuonana lenses. Zvisinei, izvozvo rinoti havana kudaro pedyo nevanhu ziso, izvo zvinoreva kuti havasi kudaro ngozi uye zvinorwadza. Uyezve, magirazi munyika ano - iri zvinoshamisa chishongedzo kuti zvikurumidze kuchinja chitarisiko.