West Berlin. Miganhu West Berlin

Chinonyanya inotarisirwa zvakanaka uye munguva yose, nyika iri Europe runoonekwa sechinhu Germany. Berlin ndiro guta guru, runoonekwa guta zvakawanda chaizvo uye kunzwisisa nhoroondo. Uye mumwe kwayo chinokosha yakareba ndiyo nguva nguva, munguva iyo guru yakakamurwa muzvikamu zviviri. Kureva East uye West Berlin.

nhoroondo

Mushure Second World War yakapera, achitora kumadokero chikamu vakuru veguta vakatanga kuita nechivimbo nenzira Berlin rakatsemuka kuva mativi maviri. Kuti aite izvi, zvizhinji zvakaitwa. Somuenzaniso, yeFrance, British uye American sectors vakakweverwa kupinda enyika uye zvoupfumi gadziriro kumadokero kwenyika yacho. Kwenguva refu West Berlin airidza basa rinokosha tichitarisa zvokurwa, iro vakandorwa GDR, uyewo dzimwe dzakawanda nyika yacho mugovanisi hwechiKomonisiti. Kwete nhengo NATO wakatsamwisa West Berlin muhondo, uye akapa kure. Kuti tive kunyatsoenderana - izvi zvose zvakaita kuti ukama hune zvinetso pakati maviri nyika yose dzakawanda mamiriro ezvinhu. Somugumisiro, muna 1961, gore, muzhizha mushakabvu, hurumende GDR, kwakasarudzwa kusimbisa kuzvidzora uye kudzivirirwa pamusoro mudunhu iri. Somugumisiro, pamuganhu West Berlin akasungirirwa, uye wakatangwa pamuganhu hwechiKomonisiti.

East Berlin

nyaya iyi hazvigoni vadarika kuteerera. Nokuti panguva iyoyo paiva East uye West Berlin. Chii chinofanira pamusoro ekupedzisira? Kusangana kuEast Berlin muna GDR, Mikoko nguva 1948-1952 gg. Akanga ari pamwe zvoupfumi pamwe navamwe kunyika basa wongoramba. Asi vakabva vakanga vakabatana German Democratic Republic uye East Berlin akava mumwe nayo Union, une saka, kodzero vasanangurwa wevatariri kuna House Yenyika, uyewo vanhu House. Mitemo akatora Paramende, akapinda simba chete mushure Assembly Municipal akafarirwa pavo. Kutaura zvazviri, akaisa hurumende iri East Berlin, muparamende, iyo General Muchuchisi Hofisi uye Supreme Court. Chii kunakidza ndechokuti mubumbiro kuEast Berlin kutorwa chete muna 1990, musi April 23rd. Kusvikira nguva ino reDare zvokungoitawo Bumbiro Greater Berlin.

zviitiko

Muna 1953, paiva Anti-hurumende guru chiito, chii chakaitika muna East Berlin. Asi nokukurumidza woutsinye nemauto eSoviet, sezvo izvi waitoda GDR utungamiri. Nepo West Berlin akava chaizvoizvo "hwindo chitoro", muzinda reruwa. Rakanga zvechokwadi guta chakanaka pamwero panguva upenyu, pamwe democratic rusununguko uye kuchengetedzwa munzanga. Panguva iyoyo "guta duku" muGermany akagadza guta Bonn. Kana isu kutaura pamusoro GDR, izvozvo akaisa rayo guru muEast County, ukuwo. Pavanotaurirana kwakawedzera, uye muna 1961 kuvakwa Wall Berlin akatanga. Initiative gwaro akaisa Socialist GDR. Vagari kurutivi rumwe kusvikira kuno rumwe anogona skip chete kuburikidza zvikuru kuvakwa kuti chinhu ichi. Vanhu kwakanga kuzvidzora, pashure yavakanga kana kubvumirwa kuyambuka muganhu kana kwete.

Relations pamwe Germany

Muna 1972, akapinda simba rimwe quadripartite chibvumirano pakati USSR, France, Britain neUnited States uye zvibvumirano kanoverengeka dzinoverengeka nyaya chokuita Germany, yokuGermany Democratic Republic uye neDare pacharo, iro rakanga kudzorwa West Berlin. Shure kwaizvozvo nerongo mamiriro ezvinhu, iyo atova ndozvakajairwa nokuda nharaunda muguta avete. chibvumirano ichi zvinobvumira kuramba ukama hwakanaka pakati West Berlin uye West Germany, uyezve, mune gwaro rino, vangadai kunyange yakatanga. Asi pasi rimwe ezvinhu - kana sectors vachange sechinoitika chakaparadzana Federal Republic. Zvinogona nekuidzwa kubvuma ane mhando.

urongwa

Zvakakosha kutaura mashoko mashomanana pamusoro enyika maumbirwo West Berlin. The chepamusorosoro simba ndiye Chamber wevatariri, dare uye nevarikutonga vakashumira, yaiva musoro weDare Mayor. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa zvekare kuti vakamhanya basa zviremera. Kana isu kutaura ezvematongerwo enyika, chinhu chokutanga ndinoda kutaura munzanga-gutsaruzhinji, vakasununguka, uye muKristu. Vakanga vaionekwa se nyika sangano vamwe mapato ose Federal Republic. Hazvibviri tisingatauri Socialist Unity Party, mune mamwe mazwi, achiti - Marxist-Leninist. Munharaunda West Berlin akaita sangano German dzaishandiswa mibatanidzwa nemamwe masangano mazhinji.

Development uye kubudirira

East uye West Berlin (yekare guta mepu rinonyatsoratidza kuti guta guru ano yakakamurwa) vaitova zvakasiyana maruwa, uye mumwe nomumwe wavo akararama upenyu hwavo. It akatanga kuonekwa akawandisa urongwa maererano nokushandiswa wenharaunda West Berlin, uye pfungwa sei kuvandudza kwezvivako. Kuzviita yakatanga chirongwa kuvandudza uye Eastern zvikamu. Takatanga kuoneka pfungwa yose, rakagadzirirwa pakuzadzisa tarisiro. Also reconstructed uye zvinodhura. To ichi chaiva chakakura chaizvo nzira. Somuenzaniso, Ring Road raiwanzobatana kushandisa mikuru kune chinokosha. Paiva kwegadziriro mumiririri migwagwa. A nharaunda inonzi Kurfürstendamm kwainzi rimwe bhizimisi centre. Uye vave kumabvazuva uye kumadokero chikamu kuitika guru Germany kusvikira kuwa Wall Berlin. Zvino zvakaitika munguva ichangopfuura chaizvo - chete muna 1989, gore, zvakare pamusoro chirongwa of German Democratic Republic, nokuti kuti Soviet Union yakaramba kupindira mune dzezvematongerwo enyika of Republic.

nguva yedu

The Wall Berlin akawira tichishandisa yapfuura, sezvo yave akati, uye pamwe chaiva chikonzero ichi kuti Eastern uye Western cheguta yakasiyana mumwe. Zvose rwakasiyana: kubva ruvara mwenje, kuti mapurani. Divi rokumadokero rine unoyevedza zvikuru zvinotyisa muguta Berlin. Photos, iyo inoratidza vamwe vavo zvachose akafuridzira kudzidza nezvenhoroondo guta rino. Somuenzaniso, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kutarisirwa Tiergarten Park uye Victory mbiru. Kana Bellevue Palace, iro riri mu nzvimbo paki nzvimbo. Panguva iyoyo riri kuonekwa kuti purezidhendi wacho dzokugara.

Architecture uye nhaka nemagariro

Architecture of West Berlin haigoni kubatsira asi kubata ziso. Pearl uye guru twa ichaongororwa kuva Charlottenburg Palace. kuvaka Its Mikoko shure muzana remakore rechi17 kuti mukadzi Frederick III, Sophia-Charlotte. Uye, chokwadi, mashoko ikapenya Runako Reichstag. tenzi wake iye akarayira kuvaka Korol Vilgelm, pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19 (kana kuti kunyatsoenderana, muna 1884, gore). Paul Valotta mubasa pakusikwa nepurani, uye somugumisiro chivako rakadzikwa. Zvisinei, muna 1933 zvakanzi nomoto. Asi pashure peHondo Yenyika II yakapera, asi Reichstag akanga reconstructed. East Berlin zvakawanda ano vari mapurani mashoko, asi ndizvo chaizvo chii chiri womumhuri guru. The rinopindirana Tikafunga zvivako akwegura uye zvinokwezva ano - ndicho vanhu chii chinokwezva kubva pasi pose kuti guta rino. Vose zvavo vashanyi uye kare, vanochera matongo uye vamwe vanhu vanodavira ichi nhaka muguta Berlin. Zvisinei, Photos kuti dziripo nhasi havagoni kunyatsonzwisisa kubudisa simba guru, kupa pfungwa nayo - zvachose.