The chikuru okunze munyika dzine zvenyika rokuti, namatafura uye mepu. Chii okunze munyika dzine dziripo muRussia?

Weather munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana pasi redu nguva dzose pakutsvaga okunze mapazi. Kwakadaro zvishoma, asi chimwe nechimwe hemisphere mumwe kana imwe nharaunda dzinongoitika ine maitiro ayo. Zvino isu kutarira chikuru okunze munyika dzine edu nyika uye kuchinja, cherechedza chavainyanya zvinhu uye chinzvimbo.

A mukuru mashoko mashoma

Redu, sezvo tichiziva, chinosanganisira panyika uye mvura. Uyezve, izvi zvinoumba mbiri dzakasiyana yakarongeka (panyika anogona kuva makomo, pamapani, zvikomo kana renje, penyanza zvinogona kubuda kutonhora kana kudziya). Imhaka matambudziko ane Sun paNyika pamwe chete zvikuru, zvakasiyana akaratidza munzvimbo dzakasiyana. kudyidzana Izvi zvakakonzera chokwadi chokuti nyika akaumba huru okunze munyika dzine uye kuchinja kuti vari pakati. Aimbova vane nzvimbo huru, dzinoratidzwa mamiriro yakagadzikana ekunze. Ekupedzisira yakamanikana mitsetse riwedzere akaererana neequator, uye tembiricha munzvimbo dzavo dzakasiyana kunogona siyana chaizvo.

Root zvakasikwa zvikamu

Kokutanga, geographers kuziva chikuru okunze munyika dzine zviri nyika pakati remakore rechi19, uye ivo dzaiwanzova rairatidza. Kubvira ipapo, uye kusvikira nhasi paiva zvina: polar, unozvidzora, dzinopisa uye ichinaya. Uyezve, zvinokosha zvinosimbisa kuti zvino masayendisiti zvavakagoverwa polar okunze ari maviri akasiyana munzvimbo - kweArctic uye Antarctic. Chokwadi kuti matanda paNyika hadzisi zvakafanana, ichibata, nekuti okunze neimwe nzvimbo idzi akasiyana. Kuchamhembe, oddly zvakakwana, okunze ari munhu munyoro, mune polar kunzvimbo, kunyange ichiita zvinomera, sezvo chirimo rinouya kubvisa chando. In rwezasi, kwakadaro mananara haagoni kuwanikwa, uye pamwaka zvakasiyana tembiricha imomo kuburikidza padenga 60 inegumi. Pasi pamepu okunze munyika dzine zvenyika, akatarira raunogona kukurumidza kufamba kuti nzvimbo yavo.

Equatorial Climate pamusoro penyika

The nzvimbo iyi rwokuzvarwa nzvimbo - nechekuchamhembe South America; Central Africa uye Congo Basin, uyewo Lake Victoria uye misoro Nile; akawanda Indonesian yezvitsuwa. Pose nzvimbo idzi dzinogona kurondwa nyorovera chaizvo okunze. Wegore kunonaya pano akaenzana 3000 mm uye zvakawanda. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, nzvimbo zhinji mukati nzvimbo yacho ine madutu, akafukidza anezvimiti. Achifananidza zvose zvimwe okunze munyika dzine uye nzvimbo yedu nyika kubva neequator, rinogona kudonongodzwa rusina chokwadi kuti ichi ndicho nzvimbo nyoro. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti mvura yezhizha pano dzinoitika kakawanda kupfuura chando. Voparadzwa muchimiro pfupi nekutambudzika mvura, zvakaipira iyo nokuomesa mumaminitsi, uye zuva rematsutso nyika zvakare. Pamwaka tembiricha nokufamba haasi pano - gore zvose kumativi lämpömittari wakachengetwa mukati 28-35 pamusoro razero.

Marine Equatorial Climate

Wonamatidza, izvo runosvika pamwe neequator penyanza, nzvimbo inonzi vakagwinya mashoma. The nevezera pano ndiyo chete pasi, sezvo nyika, kuti chinokurwadzai guru yakawanda kunonaya - anopfuura 3500 mm pagore. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, saka nyorovera okunze munyika dzine uye nzvimbo pamusoro pemvura dzinoratidzwa ramakore bvungapfunga. Pano akaumba munhu gobvu chaizvo mhepo makore nokuti kuti unyoro uye vakazadzwa mhepo, uye, chaizvoizvo, mvura pamusoro. Yerera kwese kudziya, saka mvura runopwa nokukurumidza, uye ayo dzinongoitika dzinongoitika turnover inoitika nguva dzose. The tembiricha hurumende wakachengetwa mukati 24 - 28 madhigirii pasina pre-mwaka nokufamba.

Achitsva mapazi pamusoro penyika

Just cherechedza kuti huru okunze mapazi edu nyika dzakasiyana chaizvo mumwe, uye hakubvi pakuti sei pedyo vanofanira nomumwe vari akaronga. Muenzaniso unoshamisa iyi ndiyo dzinopisa, izvo, chokwadi, kwete saka kure vari kubva neequator. nzvimbo iyi dzinongoitika iri muzvikamu zviviri - nezasi. Muchiitiko chokutanga, zvinotora guru chikamu Eurasia (Arabia, kumaodzanyemba Iran, zvakanyanyisa kutosvika Europe, muGungwa reMediterranean), North Africa, uye Central America (kunyanya Mexico). Chechipiri - ndiwo nharaunda vamwe rinoti South America, kuti Kalahari Desert iri Africa uye nechepakati Australia yakaoma. Pano anobata yakaoma uye inopisa, pamwe nokukurumidza chaizvo kuchinja tembiricha. Annual kunayisa iri 300 neMM, cloudiness, fogs uye mvura hadziwanzowaniki. Summer anogara inopisa zvikuru - pamusoro madhigirii 35, uye muchando tembiricha anodonhedza kusvika 18. Sezvo zvikuru uye tembiricha kunosiyana-siyana mukati rimwe zuva - zuva kunogona zvakawanda 40, asi 20 chete vachava usiku. Kakawanda dzibhururuke pamusoro achitsva monsoon - mhepo yakasimba kuti aparadze mumatombo. Nokuti nzvimbo iyi uye vakaumba mumarenje dzakawanda.

Tropical pamusoro mumakungwa

Zviri okunze munyika dzine zvenyika kunotipa mukana kunzwisisa kuti penyanza dzinopisa vane maitiro siyanei. Pano kunaya asi unotonhorera, kungangoitika mvura uye mhepo akasimba. Uwandu kunayisa pagore - 500 mm. Paavhareji zhizha tembiricha - 25 madhigirii, uye paavhareji chando - +15. A chepfungwa Oceanic inopisa uye vanoonekwa ano. Pamwe yokumadokero America, Africa uye Australia ndiyo mvura inotonhora, nekuti pane nguva dzose unotonhorera uye drier kuvat. Uye mumhenderekedzo kumabvazuva Ndashambidza nokugamuchirwa noushamwari mvura, uye ipapo vakawana mvura, uye mhepo kupisa zvikuru kumusoro.

The guru dzinongoitika nzvimbo: okunze unozvidzora. Kunyanya pamusoro penyika

The chikuru okunze munyika dzine yepasi hazvigoni kufungwa pasina dzinodziya vematunhu, izvo kunodzora zvakawanda Eurasia uye North America. nzvimbo iyi kunoratidzwa changing mwaka - yechando, chitubu, muzhizha, matsutso, pasi izvo zvikurukuru kwazvo muchikwidza nokuderedza inzwi mwando tembiricha. Conventionally, kuti Continental nzvimbo rakakamurwa subtypes maviri:

• Marine okunze. nharaunda iyi, iri Kumadokero Europe uye vokumadokero North America. Summer pano akadzikama - kwete kupfuura 23, uye chando inodziya - kwete asingasviki 7. Kunonaya anogona kusvika 2000 neMM, apo anowira zvakaenzana rose gore. Kazhinji pane fogs.
• Mwero Continental ekunze. Pano kunonaya zvinoderedza zvinoshamisa - vanenge 200-500 mm pagore. Winter unotonhora chaizvo (-30 - 40 kana kupfuura) nesinou zvachose, uye chirimo zvinopisa uye yakaoma - kusvika 40, iyo inoratidza zvakajeka petafura okunze munyika dzine zvenyika. Uyezve, anowedzera pfungwa kunotemwa kubva mugungwa, drier kuvat nayo, uye tembiricha kusiyana ikoko rakapinza.

The polar kumatunhu Nyika

High kumanikidzwa munyika dzine dziri kwazvo kuchamhembe uye hwakanyanya rwezasi nyika. Muchiitiko chokutanga, izvozvo Anodiridza Arctic Ocean uye zvose varipo chitsuwa. Kana Wechipiri Antarctica. Map of okunze munyika dzine zvenyika kazhinji anotiratidza vose munyika dzine kuva akafanana munharaunda yavo ekunze. Kutaura zvazviri, musiyano pakati pavo. Mugore North wepagore nokufamba mu tembiricha iri vanenge 40 inegumi. In yechando, tembiricha iri akatura kuna -50, uye chirimo kujairana +5. In Antarctica, tembiricha musiyano rworwendo sezvinongoitawo 60, yechando inotonhora pano munhu anotyisa chaizvo -70 kana kupfuura, uye muzhizha iri lämpömittari hunopfuura razero. A maitiro Fani kuti matanda maviri - the polar usiku nemasikati. Muzhizha zuva kwemwedzi mishoma asingaiti ndiende pamusoro mujengachenga, uye muchando, ukuwo, haana kuzviratidza zvachose.

Transitional okunze munyika dzine yepasi

Izvi zvakasikwa zvikamu dziri pakati huru. Pasinei neizvi, vane unhu avo kuti kusiyanisa kubva muchaunga. Kazhinji, zvakadai Kuchinja munyika dzine nzvimbo pane mamiriro okunze munyoro, zvakajairika mwando nepakati mhepo. Transitional okunze munyika dzine dzakafukurwa mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, kupatsanura yavo inoramba kuchinja nanhasi. Mazita avo vanozivikanwa kuti ose wechikoro - Sub-Equatorial, subtropical uye subpolar. Zvino tinotarisa mumwe nomumwe wavo.

Zvakaita Transitional hunhu munharaunda

• Sub-Equatorial ekunze. Dzinoratidzwa kuchinja mumwaka ekunze. In yechando, mhepo negwara ichava pano achitsva mhepo makore. Nekuti kunonaya muduku zvikuru, mhepo anowana kutonhora, makore vakaparadzirwa. Muzhizha mhepo mirayiridzo ikachinja, pano pakauya Equatorial madutu. Somugumisiro, guru yakawanda inonaya - 3000 neMM, zvinova kwazvo.
• Subtropical. Zvayaiva pakati dzinopisa uye vakadzikama latitudes. Pano mamiriro acho ezvinhu akafanana. Summer mhepo ichivhuvhuta kubva dzinopisa, nokuda izvo zvinova kwazvo uye jeka. Winter anosvika madutu vane mwero latitudes zvava inotonhora, chando dzimwe nguva, asi kwete zvechigarire pabutiro aumba.
• Subpolar ekunze. Zone Minimum hunosanduka yakakwirira mwando tembiricha yakaderera chaizvo - kupfuura -50. Zvinokosha kuona kuti mune kuNorthern Hemisphere subpolar mapazi anofukidza kunyanya nyika, uye vari South - iri nzvimbo yakasimba mune Antarctic nharaunda.

Ndezvipi okunze munyika dzine kuRussia?

nyika yedu iri kuchamhembe hemisphere uye panguva imwe chete kuMabvazuva. Okunze pano anotanga kuumbika mumvura kweArctic Ocean uye akaguma pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Black uye Caucasus. Zvino isu nyora zvose mazita huru okunze munyika dzine, izvo zvinowanikwa Russia: chando, kunyunguduka, unozvidzora, subtropical. Vazhinji mundima nyika unozvidzora bhandi. Zvinonzi conventionally rakakamurwa nezvemarudzi zvina: vakadzikama Continental, Continental, zvikuru Continental uye monsoon. Mwando pamwero netembiricha kuchinja pakuti sei zvikuru kupinda kondinendi iri nenzvimbo chinhu. Kazhinji, Hurumende kunoratidzwa kuvapo zvose mwaka mana, inopisa uye yakaoma yechirimo uye kuchitonhora dzechando, pamwe zvachose chando viomak.

mhedziso

Zvakakurukurwa kwazara kuvimba zvikuru pamusoro Nzvimbo iri iro riri. North pasi zvikurukuru akafukidza nyika, nokuti yakaumbwa Yaunoti simba kunonyanyisa wongoramba. Nguva dzose akacherechedza pasi kunonaya, mhepo yakasimba uye hombe pamwaka tembiricha nokufamba. The chikuru okunze munyika dzine kuchamhembe hemisphere - ndiro polar vematunhu, mwero, uye mvura. Kumaodzanyemba kwenyika zhinji ndima ndiyo mvura. Okunze nguva dzose zvikuru nyorovera, tembiricha misiyano miduku. Most kunyika vari pano subequatorial latitudes, dzinopisa uye subtropics. Wakasvinura Belt chakaita kuti chete pamusoro chiduku nomunda muSouth America. Uyewo, rinokosha yenyika anotora Antarctic nharaunda, riri panyika yakaoma chete zita.