Mohs akamboona. Pokuoma pamusoro Mohs pamwero

Mohs chikero - a 10-pfungwa scale, akasika Karl Friedrich Mohs muna 1812, izvo zvinoita kuti kuenzanisa kwekuoma zvicherwa. The chikero anopa Qualitative pane quantitative yera kuhukukutu hwemwoyo ibwe.

History chokusika

Kuti vagadzire Mohs chikero chinoshandiswa 10 mureza chicherwa - talc, gypsum, calcite, fluorite, apatite, orthoclase, Goldstone, topazi, Ruby nedhaimani. Zvicherwa akaisa kuitira kuwedzera zvakaoma, kutora sezvo kwayo pokutangira kuti kuoma chicherwa anokwenya manyoro. Calcite Somuenzaniso, muvare gypsum uye calcite kuti muvare fluorite reserves, uye zvicherwa izvi kuti hadzisi dzechokwadi talc. Sezvo zvicherwa tatora runoenzanirana tsika dziri Mohs kutambudzwa pokuoma: -1 nesuko, gypsum - 2, calcite - 3, fluorite - 4. Uyezve kuferefeta akaratidza kuti zvicherwa vane pokuoma iri pazasi 6, ndikamumara girazi, avo vane pokuoma iri kupfuura 6 - muvare girazi . Pokuoma hwindo iri pamwero uyu anenge 6,5.

Mabwe ane pokuoma kupfuura 6, vari kupatsanurwa nedhaimani.

Mohs chikero chete ine yera pokuoma zvicherwa. Chiyero neyakarurama - Mhedziso akatsiga.

Location zvicherwa munyika Mohs pakafunuka

Zvicherwa zviri pamwero zvakarongwa kuitira kuti pokuoma. The softest ndiyo pokuoma 1, ndikamumara aine nzara, Somuenzaniso, talc (choko). Uyezve pane zvakasimba zvicherwa mashomanana - ulexit, rinopenya, muscovite. Dzavo pokuoma pamusoro Mohs pamwero muduku - 2. zvicherwa nyoro dzakadaro havasi rinobwinya, izvo ichikutadzisa kushandisa kwavo zvishongo. Beautiful matombo pamwe yakaderera zvakaoma zviri zvishongo, uye kazhinji chipa. Pakati pavo vane kakawanda matkamuistoja.

Zvicherwa ane pokuoma kubva 3 kusvika 5 vari nyore ndikamumara nebanga. Gagate, rhodochrosite, malachite, rhodonite, tekoizi, nejedhi cabochon kazhinji rinobwinya, zvakanaka yakabwinyiswa (kazhinji nokushandiswa zingi oxide). zvicherwa izvi hazvisi husingakwanisi mvura.

Solid zvicherwa zvishongo mangoda, anokosha, esimaragidhino, nesafiri, topazi magirinedhi vabatwe zvichienderana pachena, coloring, kuvapo tsvina. Stellate korari kana nesafiro Somuenzaniso, dzinobviswa cabochons kusimbisa ibwe kujairika, segirazi nemarudzi dzinobviswa ovals, madenderedzwa kana madonhwe, yakadai mangoda.

chishongo mabwe

zvicherwa zvose vane pokuoma idukusa 7 nedanda rechikero, vanoonekwa munyoro, avo pamusoro 7 - zvakaoma. Solid zvicherwa amenable kuti nedhaimani kubudiswa, zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita zvabatanidzwa, pachena, uye husiri nyore kuwana kuti vave rakanakira kushandiswa mune zvishongo.

madhaimani pokuoma pamusoro Mohs kutambudzwa 10. Diamonds dzinobviswa kuitira kuti kubudiswa kurasikirwa rakanga usingashandi padombo guru. The zvakaipa nedhaimani akadana nedhaimani. Nokuda kwayo yakakwirira noukukutu uye kuramba dzakakwirira tembiricha mangoda anenge nokusingaperi.

The kwekuoma aiti rubhi uye nesafiri zvishoma kuderedza kwekuoma nedhaimani uye 9 pamusoro Mohs pamwero. Kukosha matombo aya, uyewo esimaragidhino, zvichienderana ruvara, pachena, uye uwandu urema - zvikuru segirazi ibwe, zvikuru ruvara uye zvishoma izvozvo makatsemuka, dzakanga mutengo.

semiprecious mabwe

Zvishoma pazasi nedhaimani uye corundum aikoshesa topazi garnets. Dzavo pokuoma pamusoro Mohs kutambudzwa 7-8 pfungwa. Mabwe aya kubatwa zvakanaka nedhaimani. Price kunobva ruvara. Chakadzama ruvara topazi Garnet, zvikuru zvinodhura chigadzirwa achava zvakakodzera. The hwainyanya kukosheswa vari apo neapo yero topazi mushava garnets (madzhority). Ibwe rokupedzisira kusingawanikwi kuti mutengo wayo kungava dzakakwirira kupfuura yakaisvonaka nedhaimani.

Colored tourmalines: blue (rubellite), zvitema (indicolite), girini (verdelite), visi tourmaline Kunonziwo mabwe sezvo Semi-anokosha. Transparent yepamusoro tourmalines kuwanikwa zvakasikwa hariwanikwi chaizvo, uye saka anodhura pyrope uye dzimwe nguva topazi yebhuruu, uye nokuda visi (blue uye girini) ibwe vateresi regai kuneta kunovhima. The neukukutu matombo pamusoro Mohs pamwero zvakakwirira chaizvo uye yaiva 7-7.5 points. mabwe awa zvakanaka makorari, handishanduki ruvara, asi kuwana chidimbu zvishongo ane rakajeka läpinäkyvä tourmaline - sitiroko chaiye nemhanza.

The Black siyana tourmaline (schorl) rinoreva nezvishongo matombo. Schorl yakasimba, asi panguva imwe chete pfava ibwe, izvo zvinogona nyore kuparadzwa panguva kugadzira. Chikonzero ichi kuti mutema tourmaline kazhinji kutengeswa untreated. Schorl vaiona akasimba unodzivirira sedumwa.

zvekushandisa chikumbiro

Zvicherwa uye matombo dzakakwirira pokuoma vari zvinowanzoshandiswa indasitiri. Somuenzaniso, Granite Mohs pokuoma - kubva 5 kusvika 7, zvichienderana uwandu waMika mairi. Izvi dombo rakaoma zvikuru kushandiswa kuvaka sechinhu mashoko apedza.

Hauoneki nesafiro kana leicosapphires, pasinei dzakakwirira kwoukukutu uye hama husiri nyore kuwana, hakuzi charehwa jewelers, asi vari zvinowanzoshandiswa Laser nezvimwe Manyiminya namano.

Practical pokushandisa pakafunuka

Pasinei nokuti kutambudzwa Mohs pokuoma anopa chete Qualitative, pane quantitative kupima, chichiri kushandiswa zvemaumbirwo. Muchishandisa Mohs kukuru zvemaumbirwo uye mineralogy anogona anenge kuziva vasingazivikanwi erudzi zvichienderana susceptibility aro scratching aine banga kana girazi. Anenge zvose bhuku zvinyorwa zvinoratidza kwekuoma zvicherwa uri Mohs scale, pane avo Mhedziso akatsiga.

In chishongo Mohs chikero rinoshandiswawo nevakawanda. The neukukutu ibwe kunoenderana nzira kwayo marapirwo kuti resurfacing uye anodiwa zvokushandisa.

Other pokuoma chikero

Mohs chikero - kwete chete ndeyokuti pokuoma. Pane zvimwe pamakwande kuti dzinobva kukwanisa zvicherwa uye nezvimwe kudzivisa deformation. The kupfuura nomukurumbira vavo - Rockwell. Rockwell nzira iri nyore - inobva kuyera kupinda kudzika indenter kudzama mashoko. Sezvo nedhaimani indenter muromo unowanzoshandiswa. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti zvicherwa kashoma pachena kuti kudzidza Rockwell nzira, kakawanda kushandiswa simbi uye alloys.

Saizvozvowo kuvakwa Shore pokuoma pachikero. Mahombekombe neukukutu nzira anobvumira kutsunga zvose nesimbi uye zvakawanda kwakavharwa nenyama zvinhu (rabha, epurasitiki).