Courtiers - ane hofisi Boyar Duma

Courtiers - dare uye palace pachinzvimbo chevatatu 13 - mangwanani 18 fung remakore. Ndivo vaiva vanhu vane pedyo muchinda mushure boyars. Pakutanga, mutongi wavo akanga takapoteredzwa zvishoma, asi pamusoro nguva yavo kukosha uye enyika uremu ikawanda, saka kuti kwemazana emakore ivo rakagara richidudzirwa kare sechinoitika mazano uye vabatsiri amachinda nemadzimambo akazotevera.

Zvinoitwa vezera

In Ages Russia kumativi machinda vagara vakaumba vashandi, mazano uye vabatsiri vainzi mumwe Generic rokuti "muchivanze varume." Pakati pavo paiva akaturikidzana akawanda pamusoro vaiva boyars, courtiers uye vanokudzwa Duma. Wokutanga akabva chakanaka mhuri uye aiita zvokugarwa nhaka vakakwirira. Vaigona kuva rutsigiro yakavimbika mutongi, asi panguva imwe chete, nokuti avo vanokudzwa mavambo vaiva kazhinji vasingagutsikane kukamurwa simba ravo uye simba, uye nokudaro dzimwe nguva akamira zvinopesana tenzi wake. Panyaya iyi okolnichy tenzi aiva mutsigiri zvikuru yakavimbika mambo: zvakafanana anofungidzirwa pacho, izvozvo asi ari zvishoma anokudzwa, ndiye zvikurukuru novimba mutongi pane Generic vanokudzwa. Duma avakuru vakanga vakatakura machinda uye madzimambo, asi havana kunyange zvishoma zvakanaka akaberekerwa kupfuura courtiers.

chidzoke

Courtiers - ava ndivo vanhu akaita zvakasiyana-siyana mabasa mudare. Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti anowanzovimbwa chokuita neshoko "pamusoro", uye rinoreva vaiva aigara pedyo vatongi. The kutaurwa pachinzvimbo chevatatu vokutanga inoreva pakupera kwezana remakore rechi13. This post yapararira kuna kuMoscow hugota. Prince Semyon Proud wakatumidzwawo rinoreva mumapoka aya yake yakakurumbira chibvumirano ratification nehama, akanyorwa muna 1348. Pakutanga, paiva vashoma kwazvo (vanhu vatatu kusvika vashanu).

mabasa

Sezviri pachena, zvimwe nguva pashure panowanikwa chinzvimbo ichi Vaifunga kuti courtiers - ava ndivo vanhu vakaita womutambo, ndiko kuronga yemichato, mhemberero, uye vakashumira machinda uye madzimambo youtorwa hwavo, wakagadzirirwa kwavo kupaka nzvimbo (anonzi mumisasa) uye kunze, vanogamuchira dzimwe nhume uye nenhume.

Zvisinei, Zvadaro, kukura kwebasa mabasa avo kuwedzerwa, uye vanhu ava vakagadzwa munzvimbo kuwedzera basa: somuenzaniso, kazhinji akava mukuru chehondo, nemagavhuna kumatunhu uye misoro mirairo. nhamba yavo kwomuchinda dare zvishoma nezvishoma akura, zvakanga zvakawanda kwazvo pasi Ivan III uye Ivan anotyisa. Asi ichi Muitiro kunonyanya pachena apo yokutanga Romanov. Zvichida zvakanga ipapo kuti setsika akava yakareba pedyo vatongi. Indoor kana courtiers vavakidzani - ichi pedyo mazano mambo, izvo, avo simba kunyange Munopfuura boyars. vanhu vakadaro, vaiva vashoma, asi kukanganisa kwavo kazhinji aigona kufurira chisarudzo wamambo.

Boyar Duma

Yakanga zvachose kanzuru nemachinda uye madzimambo. In zvaaipomera dzaiwanzova zvoupfumi-administrative uye nyaya zvechiuto. The Kuronga Boyar Duma vaiva courtiers pamwe boyars, vanokudzwa uye vanamabharani dumnyi. nzvimbo yavo rinodzora kwaikosha zvikuru, nokuti kazhinji basa kutungamirira kutevedzana echiShinto vane vabati. Basa rinodzora iri kunyanya kwakawedzera nepakati rechi16 remakore, apo Moscow State pakupedzisira kuumbwa bureaucratic utariri mamiriro yakavakirwa mirairo. Ukuwo, ikawanda uwandu vanhu akagara pambiru.

ukoshi

setsika ichi chaicho zvakaparadzaniswa kuva yoga boka muzana remakore rechi16. Ipapo vakuru vakanga vakakamurwa kuva mapoka maviri: kutanga, pedyo muchinda, wechipiri vakagamuchira zita okolnichy uye vakagaramo chokuzviisa pasi pake chinzvimbo pachinhu muchikwata yokutanga. Sezvataona ne kuvazivisa wenhau Kliuchevskoi akadzidza zvakadzama murwiyo Boyar Duma, Okolnichy kazhinji yaisanganisira Untitled kwamachinda. Kazhinji, chikamu ichi chaisanganisira yekare Muranda of Moscow boyars, iyo yakaumbwa muna remakore rechi14, zvisinei, nokuti vakakwanisa kuramba panzvimbo yacho zvinotevera emakore, kana paiva kudirana itsva vanoda kwamachinda aimbova vatongi Unit, iro ravanofanira hukuru nechinzvimbo pamusoro bhodhi iri Moscow State.

abolition

Jinda pokutanga ishe wabviswa mukuvamba rechi18 pashure Peter I vakaburitsa yake yakakurumbira "Table vezvinzvimbo." The chikuru Pfungwa zvokudya zvayo aiwanzova pachake ukuru, izvo zvinoreva nokuwedzera pambiru, pasinei ukuru kwamachinda kana gentility. Zvinonzi, vachingoshandisa, akachinja yose kudzora wemuTesitamende zvose muchiuto nezvakatongwa hurongwa, izvo zvaizoitawo zvakachinja magariro maumbirwo Russian munzanga. Pfungwa okolnichy chinzvimbo vo pamwe aida nheyo pachako basa iri basa. Mushure vose, vanhu vakanga vari muhofisi, vave zvishoma zvakanaka-kuzvarwa, pane, Somuenzaniso, boyars, izvo setsika akagadzwa Moscow vatongi pakati pavanakomana vemhuri vekare kwomuchinda pakati Rurik uye Gediminas. Saka, musoro okolnichy kubudirira kuburikidza mano pachako kana unhu. Zvisinei, achiri nheyo gentility akatora basa guru pano, sezvo nzvimbo iyi chete vaizviti nomunhu vanokudzwa mavambo, apo mabharani remakurukota, somuenzaniso, vakanga kazhinji Varume Vakaderera, uyo yakawana nzvimbo yake kuburikidza nemano ake kukwanisa kuita basa.