Periodization nhoroondo

Periodization nhoroondo munyika pakubhadhara anoverengeka. Pane chakajairika kupesana, iyo yakavakirwa ose enyika - ichi anonzi dzekare periodization. It kusiyanisa vakadaro nguva: prehistoric, yekare, Ages, mangwanani ano, ano uye ano.

Prehistory inonzi chinyakare nguva, nokudzidza nhau iri nyore nokuda kwekushaiwa zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa. tsvakurudzo Chero dzinobva akawana zvinoratidza mumatongo Pavaichera anoratidza. Batsirai kuongorora iyi sayenzi zvakadai chokuita sezvo ethnology, zvipenyu, paleontology, zvemaumbirwo, palynology, anthropology uye archaeoastronomy. Nokudaro akasvika pakunzi nguva rechigumi nemapfumbamwe remakore, kana kufarira kudzidza nhoroondo kusvikira nyanzvi padanho uye kukunda dzakaitika amateurism. Pfungwa iri izwi anogona kushandisa chero nguva yakareba umo makanga musina kunyora. Zvakaipira izvi kutanga nheyo kuparadzana mukuti kunyora iri vanhu siyana panguva dzakasiyana, saka hapana vabatane kuguma iyi.

Periodization nhoroondo huru pashure kukura kunyora uye kupfuura chinoshamisa rimwe unobereka kwazvo nguva - zvenhaka. Zvinonzi Kazhinji kuzvibatanidza munhau Girisi uye Roma, asi mavambo nguva vaiona kuti pakutanga Minoan uye Mycenaean dzomunyika. Rakanga panguva ino, pane wokutanga mamiriro, pane zveupfumi uye nedzenyu vaaizivana, dzakadai East yekare. kunyora kunoitika. Mumagakava bhora zvinogona kuonekwa zvakanakira dzokumaruwa ukama, mavambo simbi kubudiswa uye maererano nokukurumidza kukura rwokugadzira. Nguva iyi inozivikanwa se nguva kuvaka youmbozha nhare uye zvivako yose. Periodization nhoroondo yekare nguva inoguma kuwa hweRoma.

Middle Ages dzinotanga kubva kuwa hweRoma. Nguva iyi pakutanga dzinoratidzwa chaicho kuderera munzanga ukama, upfumi. Panguva ino, zvichiwedzera barbarous kurwiswa pamusoro simba mamiriro, izvo zvakazoita kuti kuwa Rome muna 410. Pashure paizvozvo, zvinogona kucherechedzwa vakakurumbira zviitiko dzakadai yokutama vazhinji, dzidzo mafranc States, dzekuma Scandinavia, Moravia uye Kievan Rus, Portugal uye Spain, Byzantine Empire. Nokuti nguva kubva wegumi remakore hwegumi kunoratidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma dambudziko vechiFrank mamiriro, haizopereri inotungamirwa Germany uye France. The chidzoke kwePoland uye Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania.

Early ano - nguva inogara kubva mukupera neshanu remakore pakati nemanomwe. Panguva ino, capitalism ari zvichiitika, kunyange vachiri zvakapararira feudal hurongwa. Panguva iyo kwakanga kwave dzakawanda nenzvimbo matongo, kwezvinhu mberi, kuwedzera wezvokutengeserana uye maindasitiri, kuchinja maonero enyika, maumbirwo munzanga.

Periodization nhoroondo kuMiddle Ages pashure kufunga nguva itsva, kuonekwa pakuguma World War First. Panguva ino, pane kwave achinje akatanga kukudziridza siyana sayenzi mune dzimwe nyika vakauya absolutism dambudziko, akavamba hweruzhinji yeparamende.

Dzazvino rinotanga kuguma World War First. Siyana zviri Danho ichi - the Second World War, zvekushandisa zvigadzirwa, dzidzo, masangano rugare, pamwe dzakawanda, kuvandudzwa nedzenyu ukama panguva yose chechetere.

Panguva iyoyowo vamiririri Marxist dzidziso yakatanga zvakasiyana periodization kare, kwakavakirwa kwadzinoita kugadzirwa. In nguva Soviet, izvozvo yekudyidzana kuzadzikiswa dzakaitika, uye saka akazozivikanwa periodization yeSoviet. Maererano periodization ichi, pane chinyakare nguva, uranda, feudalism, capitalism uye communism.

Rumwe rudzi periodization, vanonzi "planar", kwakavakirwa pave nomumwe kunyika Somuenzaniso, pane periodization renhoroondo Russia, etc. In neimwe nguva, pachena matanho iwayo kuti zvinokosha munhoroondo nyika ino.