Inotungamirwa, Nyaya
The kuedza musi Lenin. Fanny Kaplan. nhoroondo Secret
Story kakawanda kunoratidza kuti chero mutungamiri enyika, iyo kunonoka kwenguva refu simba, uye kunoita okunyanyisa nenyonganyonga, kumukira uye kuchinja, pakupedzisira inova atambudzwe aizotambudzazve vavengi vasingabvumirani pamwe kosi vakasarudzwa. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov - nyika yakakurumbira, ari kunozivikanwa mutungamiriri pokuchinja, akanga asingasiyi, sezvo Hitler, Stalin, Pinochet nevamwe tichivenga evanhu. On hwake kakawanda kuvhiringidzwa avo vasina kubvumirana nevezvematongerwo kosi vakasarudzwa uye nzira kwayo Implementation.
The yakakurumbira Kaplan?
The kuedza musi Lenin, kwakaitika muna 1918, kunyange zvazvo zvakanga zvisina kubudirira, asi akanga chaizvo kuziviswa. Chiitiko ichi anorondedzerwa mabhuku akawanda nhoroondo, uye sezvo mukuru honzeri ikoko kwakaratidza mumwe Ms. Kaplan - bhomba kuzviuraya-makore 28 okuberekwa. Akaratidza ayo kundikana kuedza musi Lenin kwakatungamirira ndechokuti musikana akabatwa uye akaurayiwa pashure 3 Mazuva pashure pokunge zvaitika. Asi kare vakawanda chokwadi kuti Kaplan vose vaigona kufunga uye kuronga pachavo. Pari, pedenderedzwa nevaya vangangodaro zvingabatanidzwa chigaro kuti chinoshanda chaizvo. Panyaya iyi, unhu Fanny Kaplan riri zvikuru zvose nemazvo dzekare uye vanhuwo zvavo.
Lenin: pfupi Biography
Murume uyo akazova mutungamiriri echimurenga kufamba uye akaita ake zvematongerwo enyika rutsigiro simba, nemhaka iyo vakaziva pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1917 , kuRussia, akaberekwa muna 1870. akaberekwa Simbirsk. Alexander Mukoma wake,, aipikisa tsarist hwechiKomonisiti. Muna 1987 iye muchirongwa akatadza kupondwa kuedza musi Alexander III. Izvi kubatsira enyika ramangwana chinzvimbo Vladimir.
Ndapedza vaibva chesekondari, Ulyanov-Lenin akasarudza kunyoresa rorusununguko Mutemo paYunivhesiti Kazan. Ndipo rinotanga pachena basa rake. Iye inotsigira zvakasimba mudenderedzwa "Narodnaya Volya", iyo panguva iyoyo rakabva rarambidzwa nehurumende nezviremera. Chinoshingaira ubatanidzwe chero mudzidzi nokusagadzikana riri kuva mudzidzi Volodya Lenin. Brief Biography inopupurira zvidzidzo yunivhesiti rinoguma naye akadzinga pasina igadzirise uye zvakakodzera zvakajairika panguva iyoyo mamiriro "munhu asina kuvimbika".
Danho okukura pfungwa enyika
Mushure kudzingwa yunivhesiti, akadzokera Kazan. Muna 1888, Ulyanov-Lenin anova nhengo imwe Marxist yeChina. Ake kuziva enyika iri pakupedzisira kuumbwa pashure pokudzidza mabasa Shona, Plekhanov uye Marx.
Zviri pasi pokudzora kwomudzimu vakadzidza mabasa Lenin, pokuchinja izvo zvaiita chete zvinoita nzira yokugumisa Tsarist hwechiFascist, zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja maonero avo ezvematongerwe enyika. Of pachena populist, vanova zvemagariro democratic.
Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov akatanga kukura kwayo muenzaniso pachavo enyika wenyika, izvo zvichaita zvazivikanwa sezvo Leninism. Around iyoyo anotanga vachishingairira vachigadzirira chimurenga uye akatarira Odnodum uye vabatsiri pakuita nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba. Munguva kubva 1893 kusvika 1895. Aishingaira rinobudisa ayo tsvakurudzo basa, iyo inorondedzera kudiwa itsva, mugovanisi hurongwa.
Young kodzero deploys simba basa pamusoro tsarist autocracy, uhwo 1897 uye akatuma kuutapwa nokuda kwegore. Pasinei ose inorambidza uye kurambidzwa, apo kushumira mutongo wake, akaramba mabasa ake. Pavaiva muutapwa, Ulyanov pamutemo zviratidzo nomudzimai wake vehurumende - Krupskaya.
echimurenga kumwedzi
Muna 1898 iye akabata raikosha Congress of Social Democratic Party yokutanga. Musangano uyu wakaitwa pakavanda. Rakanga inotungamirirwa Lenin, uye, pasinei nokuti kuriita akatora vanhu 9 chete, zvinonzi vaidavira kuti akanga kutanga shanduko munyika. With Congress iyi yokutanga anenge 20 makore vakatora nzvimbo pokuchinja kwezvinhu 1917 Russia.
Munguva 1905-1907., Kana akaita wokutanga guru kuedza kubvisa pachigaro chamambo, Ulyanov yaiva muSwitzerland, asi ikoko collaborated pamwe kuipandukira Russian. Kwenguva pfupi nguva akatoita vakakwanisa kudzokera St. Petersburg uye akatungamirira kuipandukira. Panopera 1905, Vladimir Ilyich akanga kuFinland, iye akasangana Stalin.
Simuka nesimba
nguva Next, Lenin kuRussia chete dzinouraya 1917. Iye pakarepo anova musoro inotevera yemuna kwakatanga. Shure kwenguva akamirirwa kubvuta masimba munyungidzirwa, zvose Hurumende simba rinopfuura mumaoko Ulyanov wake Bolshevik Party.
Sezvo mambo zvabviswa, nyika yaida hurumende itsva. Ivo vakava Council Vanhu vaMwari Commissars, iyo inotungamirwa Lenin zvinobudirira. Kamwe nesimba, iye anongonzwa anotanga kuita zvinhu, vamwe vave kurwadza kwazvo. Pakati pavo - the NEP, iyo yaitsiva chiKristu ine idzva, kuroorwa "kutenda" - communism. Akasika Red Army, iyo muchirongwa Civil War kusvikira 1921.
Nhanho hurumende itsva rokutanga aiwanzova noutsinye uye utongi. Hondo, iyo yakatanga pamusoro mamiriro payo, yakatora potse kusvikira 1922. Zvakanga zvakaoma chaizvo uye ropa. Vanopikisa uye vaitsoropodza nokutonga Soviet, kunzwisisa kuti chete kubvisa mutungamiri akaita Vladimir Ilyich, haukwanisi, uye vakatanga kugadzirira kuedza musi Lenin.
Vanoverengeka vakundikana kuedza
Kuedza kubvisa Ulyanov kubva pasimba nechisimba zvakaitwa kakawanda. Munguva kubva 1918 kusvika 1919 uye mumakore akatevera, V. I. Lenina akaedza kuuraya kanoverengeka. The kuedza yokutanga yakazadzika vachangobuda Bolsheviks kuzotora simba, kureva kuti 01.01.1918. On nhasi, inenge hafu apfuura manomwe manheru motokari, dzakanga dzadzingwa Ulyanov akaedza kupfura.
By tsaona, parwendo urwu, Lenin akanga asiri oga. Akaperekedzwa Maria Ulyanova, uyewo kuva mumiririri inonyatsozivikanwa of Swiss Social Democrats - Fritz Platten. Iyi haisi kuedza musi Lenin akanga kubudirira, nokuti pashure bara wokutanga, Platten ruoko wakarerekera musoro wake Vladimira Ilicha. Panguva iyoyo akanga akakuvara Fritz, uye mutungamiriri chimurenga Soviet iri zvachose kwete kukanganiswa. Pasinei refu kutsvaka vaishungurudza, magandanga haasati awanikwa. Makore akawanda chete gare gare imwe GI Shakhovskoy akabvuma kuti akanga aita sezvo murongi chigaro. Kuva nenguva vari nhapwa, iye inotsigirwa kurwisa uye akasarudzwa kuti gadziriro yayo pamusoro rakawanda nguva - vanoda kusvika hafu yemiriyoni rubles.
kukwana kubvuta masimba
Pashure kufarirwa simba Soviet vavengi vose, zvakava pachena kuti hurumende itsva hakuiti kungaparadza, asi achararama mukuru ideologue - Lenin. The kuedza kuti 1918, vakarongwa maererano Union of Knights St. George, akatadza pamberi akatotanga. Rimwe January zuva muna CPC akataura murume Spiridonov mhuri, uyo akatanga mumwe Knights St. George. Akati kuti sangano rake akapa nayo chaizvo basa - kunovhima pasi uye kuuraya Lenin. Maererano musoja akati, nokuti 20 zviuru. Rubles akavimbiswa.
Vapedza kubvunzurudzwa Spiridonov, kuchengeteka mapurisa akawana nechepakati nzvimbo dzokugara of Union Knights St. George uye vaimushanyira ane kutsvaka warandi. Ikoko revolvers vaakawana zvinoputika, uye nemhaka chokwadi ichi chokwadi mashoko hapana mubvunzo Spiridonov.
Kuedza nokutorera mutungamiri
Achitaura pamusoro nokuedza pamusoro poupenyu Ulyanov, unofanira kuyeuka imwe chinoshamisa chiitiko chakaitika kuna Vladimirom Ilichom muna 1919. Official mashoko nyaya zvaichengetwa Lubyanka muna №240266, uye buritsa ayo akazara akanga zvaisambobvumirwa. In vanhu, chiitiko ichi zvava kuzivikanwa Lenin kuba, uye vazhinji zviri mariri vachiri kwete zvakanaka kunzwisisa. Kune shanduro dzakawanda zvakaitika usiku ihwohwo. Muchando cha1919, Lenin, achiperekedzwa hanzvadzi yake uye mutyairi akanga kurasika Sokolniki. Maererano neimwe shanduro, ipapo, ari muchipatara, akava mukadzi wake, chirwere chisingarapiki chirwere panguva - ane autoimmune thyroiditis. Just nenguva yokuti Lenin kuchipatara uye ndokunanga musi 19 January.
Maererano neimwe shanduro, akaenda Sokolniki pamusoro vana Christmas muti kuzokorokotedza vana on Christmas Eve. Muchiitiko chino, zvingaita sezvinoshamisa kuti mukuru ideologue cheSoviet, kusatendera uye akasarudza kuzokorokotedza vana on Christmas, uyewo musi 19 January. Asi biographers zhinji kuvhiringika uku anonzi kuti rapfuura gore, Russia akatamira kune karenda yaGregory, uye misi vose zvava mazuva 13. Saka, Lenin akaenda pamusoro Christmas muti haasi 19, uye nhamba 6, pamusoro avaida Christmas.
The motokari pamwe mutungamiri vakaenda Sokolniki uye kana pakarepo vakaedza kumisa vanhu nezvombo pachena thuggish chitarisiko, hapana vaivapo mumotokari pakanga pasina mubvunzo kuti pane mumwe kuedza musi Lenin. Nokuda kwechikonzero ichi, mutyairi - S. Gill - akaedza haana kurega uye vapedzisire kuburikidza mbavha nezvombo. Sezvineiwo, Lenin, ari pamusoro nguva chokwadi chaizvo simba rake uye kuti vanhuwo matsotsi haazorambi angatsunga chingakubata ndikamununura, ndaziva kuti Lenin pachake pamberi pavo, akarayira kuti mutyairi kurega.
Ilyich nechisimba vakauya kubva motokari mberi, Akanongedzera naye pfuti mbiri, makororo akatora chikwama chake, ID uye Browning. Vakabva akarayira mutyairi kuti kusiya motokari vakawira mumotokari uye akadzinga. Pasinei chokwadi kuti Lenin akavadana zita rake, nemhaka guru uchishandisa carburetor nemotokari yake havana kubata makororo. Vaifunga kuti vanotarisana vamwe mutengesi Levin. Makororo pavaiuya bedzi nguva, apo vakatanga kubata yokutorazve magwaro.
Akatungamirira chikwata revapanduki mbavha 'simba Jacob chikwama. Manheru, kambani yakaronga kupambwa imwe imba hombe uye mufurati pamusoro Arbat. Kuti vakaronga chikwata vaida motokari, uye vakasarudza chete kubuda, kubata wokutanga kusangana motokari uye kuba izvozvo. Zvakangoitikawo kuti chokutanga munzira vakasangana motokari Vladimira Ilicha.
Chete pashure kupambwa, wakati averenga nokungwarira zvinyorwa zviri zvakabiwa, vakaziva mumwe akarohwa, uye sezvo nguva pashure pechiitiko kwakaitika zvishoma, vakafunga kudzokera. Pane shanduro muzvikwama, tichiziva kuti Lenin pamberi pake, aida kudzoka uye vagomuuraya. Maererano neimwe shanduro, iyo bhanditi mutungamiri aida kutora hostages kuti vashambadzirane nokuti ipapo vamwe vasungwa vakanga vari Butyrka mujeri. Asi urongwa ivavo vakaenda neparutivi. Munguva pfupi, Lenin pamwe mutyairi kufamba veko Council, yazivisa pamusoro chiitiko of Cheka, uye panyaya maminitsi Vladimir Ilyich kudzivirira wanunurwa. Koshelkova ukabatwa June 21, 1919. Panguva muusungwa yake, iye yakarohwa ane pfuti uye akafa nguva pfupi pashure pacho.
kunozivikanwa Kaplan
The yakakurumbira kuedza musi Lenin, kuti zuva mapopoma musi 30.08.1918, paiva pashure matauriro ake panguva Moscow chirimwa Michelson. zvitatu vapfurwa pena yakaitwa, uye nguva ino mabara yakarova Lenin. Maererano pamutemo shanduro, nechinangwa kwepfuti akaita Fanny Kaplan, iro akanzi "eserovkoy kuzviuraya".
Brief Historical Background
Musikana uyu akazvarwa rweUkraine iri Volyn mudunhu muna 1890. baba vake akashanda ari mudzidzisi kuchikoro wechiJudha, uye mwanasikana makore anosvika 16 okuberekwa vaipfeka zita rake - Roydman. Aiva murume zvokunamata chaizvo, munhu anoshivirira zvikuru maonero simba, uye haana kumbofungidzira kuti mumwe wevanasikana wake nokusingaperi anosarudza gwara kutyisa.
Kaplan vabereki pashure imwe nguva vachienda America, uye akachinja zita rake, uye akatanga kushandisa womumwe pasipoti. Kudai zvaisiyiwa, iye akabatana Bolsheviks uye anotanga ndiitewo echimurenga hondo. Kakawanda iri mubasa zvokufambisa nyaya mabhuku. Uyezve, muduku Kaplan aifanira kutakura zvinhu zvakawanda chakakomba, akadai nebhomba. Panguva imwe yenzendo idzi, iye paakanga akasungwa varindi rwamambo, uye kubva iyoyo Fanny ari muduku, pachinzvimbo kupfura, iye akatongerwa zvokufambisa upenyu.
Tichifunga Kaplan sezvo huru munhu ari kuedza musi Lenin, zvakakosha kuziva kuti musikana aiva zvakakomba chiratidzo matambudziko (kuti simba papera vaongorori vakawanda havana chokwadi kana aigona kuita bara yakarurama ruoko hafu-bofu anoona zvakanaka mukadzi). Maererano nomumwe aivapo shanduro, akatanga kurasikirwa kwake kuona pashure nokurova kubudikidza nokuputika mukaravhani bhomba iri kugadzirwa nomurume wayo rehurumende mukudhinda mufurati. Maererano neimwe shanduro, Fanny akatanga kuenda bofu somugumisiro mavanga kusvikira musoro, iyo vakagamuchira asati asungwa. matambudziko ziso zvakanga zvakakomba zvokuti Kaplan kushumira basa rakaoma, kunyange aida kuzviuraya.
Pashure chaisatarisirwa ruregero pamusoro 1917, akatambira rusununguko refu-akamirirwa akaenda mumwe plesieroorde pakati Crimea kuvandudza utano hwavo uye ipapo vakaenda kunorapwa muna Kharkov. Pashure paizvozvo, inonzi chiono wake rukaporeswa.
Pavaiva muutapwa, Fanny akava pedyo kwazvo mujeri eserkami. Zvishoma nezvishoma, maonero ake zvakachinjwa zvemagariro democratic. Nhau October Revolution, akabvuma basa, uye zvimwe nezviito Bolsheviks zvakaita kuti mwoyo. Gare gare mune uchapupu hwake kuferefetwa, Kaplan anoti pfungwa kuuraya Lenin somutengesi kuna Revolution vaimushanyira shure muCrimea.
Back muMoscow, iye akasangana SRs uye kurukura navo mukana kuurayirwa chigaro kuedza.
chinoshamisa kuedza
The yenhamo zuva August 30, 1918 St. Petersburg akaurayiwa M. Uritsky - sachigaro Cheka. Lenin akaudzwa nezvazvo nomumwe wokutanga, akavakurudzira kusiya vakaronga zvesimba panguva chirimwa Michelson. Asi iye haana kuteerera nyevero iyi uye akaenda kunoshanda kutaura pasina dziviriro.
Pashure pokupedza pakutaura, Lenin aienda kune motokari, kana pakarepo wechaunga wakanzwikwa kwepfuti matatu. To pakutanga zvagadzikana paakanga akasungwa Kaplan, sezvo munhu akashevedzera kuti akanga vanogumurwa.
nokufungirana Strong ndechokuti kuwedzera kuziva zvikuru Fanny haasisiri mumwe chete chapupu vangadai aona kuti akanga vanogumurwa. Panguva iyo kuvharirwa zvombo kana akanga asiri. Mazuva 5 chete akaunza pfuti kune Cheka rimwe vashandi chirimwa, uyo zvichipomerwa akamuwana muchivanze. Mabara kubva mumuviri Lenin vakanga kubviswa pakarepo, asi pashure pemakore mashomanana. Yakanga kwakaratidza kuti caliber haisi chaizvo kufanana mhando nepfuti sokugamuchira uchapupu. The huru chapupu panyaya, mutyairi Ilyich, pakutanga akati kuti akaona mukadzi wacho ruoko pena, asi uchapupu hwake panguva kuferefeta Akashandura vanenge 5 nguva. Caplan pachake akabvuma kuti kudzingwa basa panguva inenge 20:00, asi pepanhau "Pravda" yakabudisa mashoko kuti kuedza pamusoro mutungamiri yakakumikidzwa pa 21:00. Mutyairi akati kuti kurwisa kwakaitika panenge 23:00.
Izvi uye zvimwe zvikanganiso kukonzera vakawanda nhasi vanofunga kuti zvechokwadi ndiye kunozivikanwa kurwisa yakanga kufanorongwa Bolsheviks. Summer 1918 akanga dzinoratidzwa nemuumbi matambudziko uye hurumende yakarasikirwa simba rayo shaky. imwe yakadaro kuedza pamusoro mutungamiri akaita kuti zvibvire kuti kukonzera yaitonga kutyisa pamusoro Socialist-kuipandukira, kutanga Civil War.
Kaplan akaurayiwa nokukurumidza yakanga, akapfurwa musi September 3, uye Lenin akararama vachifara kusvikira 1924.
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