Subaltern navatariri muRussia: musoro, misoro. Ndivanaani vari "vana mukuru wemapurisa"?

mukuru mukuru, tsvimbo mukuru - kupesana kweuto wokuRussia mune panhengo vakuru kusvikira 1917. The yokupedzisira yakanga yakakwirira - kubva zvikuru kusvikira konoro. A mukuru mukuru - munhu mudiki mukuru - kubva mureza mukuru. Pfungwa yokuti 'mudiki "iri nyaya anofanira kusiyaniswa kubva rokuti" zviduku mukuru "- musoro yezwi pakati nemauto nevatariri akapa kunyanya varwi anokudzwa akanga asina zita kwamachinda.

An Fananidzo inogona kuitwa nehondo ano nekuti musoro mukuru kunoda dzidzo yepamusoro uto, saka pane "Transitional" chinzvimbo - sajeni uye corporals. Mberi zvakananga kuhondo mukuru wemapurisa.

mureza

Non-akarayira vakuru - vakuru, zvaipfekwa pamusoro pakutsvaka nyeredzi (mune dzimwe embodiments, munhu) - iri yakadereresa chinzvimbo nenzira mukuru wacho basa. The atirari kuti zita hariko - inopindirana bhayoneti munhu kadheti. Saka, nomureza ndeimwe vanonyanya kutaurwa mu "Bhera" M. Yu Lermontova -. Pechorin.

Refutenendi, komumanzi uye komumanzi

vakuru vakuru vaigona kuva musoro yechipiri refutenendi. On yunifomu vaikwanisa kuona nyeredzi maviri. Mumanzi mumanzi ari vatasvi vemabhiza uye kuenzaniswa pachinzvimbo chevatatu yechipiri refutenendi. Wokutanga rokuremekedza iri nyaya yakaitika chete pakati Cossacks, wechipiri - mumwe vamabhiza muhondo maoko. At chinzvimbo ichi hwaienzanirana Navy midshipman.

Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti Army uye Navy dzose nguva paiva kuchinja zvechiuto. Senior vakuru vakanga kuriitawo. Sezvo 1884 Ensign rokuremekedza yakanga yabviswa, uye vokutanga mudiki mukuru chinzvimbo komumanzi uye akava refutenendi wechipiri.

refutenendi

vakuru vakuru namachinda makuru vakagamuchira zita. The Cossack Mauto kundosangana navo weuto. Namachinda makuru vaipfeka apamafudzi vane nyeredzi matatu nerimwe. Zviya, zita iri mune zvakasiyana vatambi mumabhuku dzenhoroondo Russian. Uye chii tsananguro: refutenendi - vanhu vaduku, asi havachaoni vechiduku. Zvino vakaita "mukuru" zvikanganiso uye miscalculations. Pakati pavo vane vakundwa ari kadhi, uye magamba uye mbwende, uye vamwe. Refutenendi rinoenderana pachinzvimbo chevatatu refutenendi muuto ano Russian.

Captain

Musoro emauto mukuru maererano pachinzvimbo chevatatu nomudonzvo-mukuru, ari Cossacks - podesaula. Vakanga vakapfeka insignia pamwe nyeredzi mana nechimwe. Ngationei kuyeuka kamwe zvakare kungoerekana M. Yu. Lermontova "A Hero Chenguva Yedu". Pane chinzvimbo ichi vaipfeka nyore uye Dobryy Maksim Maksimovich.

mukuru

Captain - dzakanga mukuru mukuru chinzvimbo. The emauto sootvetstoval iye mukuru, uye Cossacks - Cossack mukuru. Mukuru wemutungamiri kambani kana bhatiri, mukuru - a dzechikwata.

Leib-Grenadier hondo

Special rukudzo muuto Russian vaishandisa mukuru Life Grenadier chemazana chehondo. Avo vakapfeka musoro, nguva dzose zvinoitwa pfungwa iyi chero kukurukurirana.

Leib-Grenadier hondo - the vepamusoro yeRussian Imperial Army. Yakasvika zita rayo kubva girinedhi ane fiyuzi - Grenada. Grenadiers First - iri masoja akakanda magirinedhi iwayo. Zvakanga zvakakodzera nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kuti pedyo muvengi. Estestestvenno kuti Grenadiers akatambudzikira Nokurasikirwa mukurusa muhondo. Kwavari, hatina nguva dzose akaita zvagara zviri mutemo, uye kana vanopinza vashandi.

Muna 1756, munyika Riga, yakanga yakaumbwa pery Grenadier hondo kubudikidza nomurayiro Empress Elizabeth. Vasati ichi, chiri chikamu boka grenadiers vari inifanduri regiments. First Grenadier hondo heroically akaratidza mune hondo Kunersdorf muHondo Yemakore Seven '. Yakanga kurwisa yake vakasarudza mugumisiro hondo yose. Muna 1760, kuti chikwata akatora Berlin nharaunda. Chehondo akasiyanisa kuti ushingi yake Russian-Turkish hondo, uye muna 1775 akanga paakavapa musoro - Life Grenadier hondo. Shumirai zvaionekwa unokudzwa, uye zvakaoma kusarudzwa vaida achiitiswa kwayo kutora.

Kwamachinda sezvo chakaita muchiuto vakuru

Hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti vakuru kuRussia pamberi chimurenga - hazvisi chete rechiuto post, asiwo nevoruzhinji rokuremekedza. Pamberi chimurenga zvaionekwa rakafanana nerokuti pfungwa "vanokudzwa", sezvo zvakaita kubva kwamachinda, aiona basa rake Yababa basa, vashandi pamwe vatariri. Panguva rehurumende iri uye kuvapa neropafadzo. Chete basa rechiuto mupurisa kuti kuonekwa unokudzwa pakati ropafadzo kirasi.

Kwete netsaona, ivo Bolsheviks panguva yechimurenga zvakaipa nenzira kushandisa shoko rokuti "mutariri", zvichiratidza kirasi yavo mumagariro. Panguva Soviet mauto kuchinja panguva Great Patriotic War, vakawanda Soviet rwisana kupesana wavarwi uye Corps vehondo vakanga akarwa Civil War nokuda Red Army, akanyora mishumo vakawanda layoffs. Vakati kuti shoko rokuti "mukuru" kunonzwisiswa mupfungwa dzavo se "muvengi", "Changamire", saka havagoni kubereka musoro "vakuru veSoviet."

Zvino chido innovate riri sezvinotevera: veGermany pangozi kwete Soviet hwechiFascist, uye musha, saka zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukanganwa pfungwa uye enyika kusiyana uye kudzivirira zvido Russia. The nadzurudzo akasika mweya chamazuva pamwe nemauto kukunda vamambo. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, izvozvo wairambidza yokutombotaura mbiri kukunda vakuru veuto Russian mune pre-echimurenga kumwedzi.

"Vana mukuru wemapurisa"

Kunyange Petr Veliky akaziva kuti vanachandagwinyira vanhu vakaderera wemuTesitamende Russia kwakakanganisa zvarinoita kukura ehurumende; zvinenge zvose vanhu vari mumamiriro vasingakendengi uye vasina hanya. Namachinda aiziva kuti chero mhosva vachagara kwira upward. Vamwe, nekusiyana, kunzwisisa kuti pasi hapana ezvinhu hazvibviri "kusvetuka pamusoro musoro wako." muvandudzi mukuru vakatyora emakore tsika: mune chepamusoro vaiva nemapoka vakakoniwa pashure kusimudzirwa kuzvidzidzo zvose.

Revolutionary ndechokuti pashure kusvika pachinzvimbo chevatatu munhu pakuwana musoro weimba huru. vana vake ramangwana vane kodzero yokuwana zita iri. Kutaura zvazviri, paiva chimurenga kuti chakagumisa vanachandagwinyira vanhu vakaderera maitiro munyika yedu. Zvisinei, avo vana vakaberekerwa kusvikira baba vavo vaida chinzvimbo iri basa rinokosha chinzvimbo - ". Vanakomana (vana) mukuru wemapurisa"

Saka, isu kutsanangurira muudzame zviri iyi kwamachinda. Sezvo mwanakomana mukuru mukuru aigona kuwana neropafadzo rokuremekedza? Chete woga makodzero. Nokuti mamwe chiyamuro vose vesangano anokosha-asingachaiti yaiva pamusoro nzvimbo yadzo yepakutanga, asi pasi kwamachinda. Gare gare, muna 1832, "vana mukuru wemapurisa" vachava rinokosha chinzvimbo - "vagari anokudzwa".