Ukraine kwakaita accession kuRussia (ra1654). Reunion rweUkraine uye Russia: zvikonzero

accession Ukraine kuna Russia (ra1654) vakatora nzvimbo tikafunga zvakaoma evanhu uye zvematongerwo enyika zviitiko chokuita chido Ukrainians kuti kuva vanozviriritira uye kwete kuvimba zvachose Poland. Sezvo 1648 kushorwa ikava yakapakatira zvombo kutotanga asi zvisinei sei kukunda kana scored Cossacks inotungamirirwa Bohdan Khmelnytsky uto wePolish vazhinji, vakanga vasingakwanisi kubhadhara kukunda muhondo kupinda zvaioneka enyika mibayiro. Zvakava pachena kuti kubuda rokuchengeta Commonwealth hazvigoni pasina achibatsirwa mutsigiri simba, somugumisiro wacho reunification rweUkraine kwakaitika pamwe Russia. Rondedzera muchidimbu zvinokonzera munhau.

Kuenzana uye kuzvionera

Mumakore matanhatu hondo iri zhinji ropa hondo kuzorwa Ukrainian vanhu kurwadziwa mupfungwa mauto avo vakaputsa Polish mauto nguva zhinji. Asi, achirova nokuvuka anofuridza Rzeczpospolita, Khmelnytsky rokutanga nguva hakuzofadzi kubvarura Ukraine kubva vokuPoland mamiriro. Akamira nzvimbo yacho Cossack kuzvionera kuti akabvunza Cossacks pamwe vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata vane kuenzana kwekodzero kuenzana Ukrainian nyika dzakanga mukati Rzeczpospolita on ndima pamwe Poland uye Lithuania. Panguva iyoyo akanga asina kunze pamusoro kudzokerana rweUkraine uye Russia. Ra1654 yakachinja zvinhu.

Zvichida rusununguko?

Zvichakadai, pfungwa kuenzana ari gadziriro iri kuzvionera ane vashoma vakatenda. Nechekare mumakore okutanga hondo muUkraine muPoland, paiva nerunyerekupe kuti:

1. Khmelnitsky anoda kudzorera vamwe "Old" kana kuumba kwavabati idzva.
2. Iye pachake rokuti "muchinda Russia."
3. Cossacks vanoda kumisa yakazvimirira mamiriro.

Asi zvino, nokuti rusununguko rweUkraine harisati akakurukura zvakakodzera preconditions. The chikuru Vatori vechikamu yehondo - uye kuti vasina Cossacks uye zvakafanana kuverenga vanhuwo zvavo - vaisagona kusika yayo hurumende yechiKomonisiti, akapesanisa rukoko - Cossack vakuru uye vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata - vasina enyika zvakakodzera uremu kuunza separatist zvirongwa. Uyezve, kunyange hetman Khmelnitsky aiva akakurumbira ipapo kuvimbana. Chete iri kosi hondo, panguva paumbwe Ukrainian Cossack mamiriro zvikuru kwazvo uye kuparadzira pfungwa rusununguko.

Union pamwe Turkey

The kwenguva vachirwa, zvikuru Khmelnitsky, vakuru uye vazhinji vaiva nechokwadi chokuti chete yavo pasina rubatsiro Ukraine haagoni kuzvisunungura pachake pasimba vokuPoland vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata. vavakidzani simba vari vakagadzirira akakuitira Commonwealth, paiva maviri chete: wokuRussia mamiriro kumabvazuva uye hweTurkey kumaodzanyemba. Paiva diki pakusarudza Khmelnytsky: kana kupinda Ukraine muNyika Russian, kana kuzivikanwa achitonga ari pasi paNebhukadhinezari kubva Turkey.

Pakutanga, mumwe kurwa kuti basa Ukraine akava vaichengetedza ari Turkish Sultan, uyo aiva simba zvakakwana kurwisa encroachments kwePoland muUkraine. Between Khmelnytsky uye nehurumende Sultan vaiva nhengo Nhaurirano. Muna 1651 Porte akataura kuti anogamuchira Zaporozhian Inochengeta sezvo vatongi vari pasi. Kutaura chokwadi rubatsiro chaiyo Turkish Sultan aihuitira avo kuti muchirongwa hondo Crimean Tatars, Cossacks emakore kurwa navo chete. Vaiva vasingavimbiki zvikuru vatsigiri vavo anonyengera maitiro, zvaibiwa kwakaenderera uye anotungamirira vanhu vakatapwa kunotoita matambudziko pane makomborero Ukrainians.

Pekuhwa- nda Russia

The kubatana hweOttoman Empire chaizvoizvo kumbotaurawo nzvimbo. Zvakanga kunyange mune simba zvechiuto uye zvemari rubatsiro kuna Sultan, uye kusapindirana nepfungwa. Kusiyana Orthodox uye vaMuslim, uyo vanhu vanonzi "infidels", rakaratidza kuva sezvisingakundiki. Pakadaro, ziso Bogdana Hmelnitskogo uye vagari Ukraine nyaya vaainamata navo - vanhu vokuRussia.

June 8, 1648, makore matanhatu asati aiva accession rweUkraine kuRussia (ra1654), Bogdan Khmelnitsky akanyora tsamba yokutanga rubatsiro kune Russian autocrat Alexei Mikhailovich. Pakutanga, Russia akanga asina kukurumidza kuita renguva pamwero hondo pamwe simba Polish-Lithuanian umambo. Asi mutungamiri Ukrainians kwemakore matanhatu mambo abvume kubatsira, achivimbisa kuti unyorwe yeRussian mamiriro pakurwisa vokuPoland vanoremekedzwa vezvikwata. Khmelnitsky pamberi Moscow vamiririri akasimbisa kukosha kushanda pamwe kuti zvakakurumbira kudzivirirwa pamapatya vanhu kutenda Orthodox, Kukunda dzavo debunked kuwedzeredzwa pfungwa pamusoro simba Commonwealth, akacherechedza mako- chichabudirira kuzosanganazve rweUkraine uye Russia. Ra1654 Rakaratidza kufanoona uye tisingatendi Khmelnitsky.

Pamuviri Russian nzvimbo

Moscow ainzwisisa kukosha pamwe Ukraine:

1. Strategic chirwirangwe, pakutanga kwezvose, akazarura nzira kumaodzanyemba kweGungwa Dema uye kumavirira.
2. Wakatapudza Poland.
3. Achiparadza zvinogoneka mubatanidzwa Zaporozhye Sech pamwe Turkey.
4. Kusimbiswa accession mamiriro pasi Russian mureza mauto zviuru mazana matatu Cossack.

Zvisinei, kwenguva yakareba nokuda zvakaoma mupfungwa uye zvokunze ezvinhu, uye kwakavakirwa kwakaderera vose anorwisana mativi - Poland uye Ukraine - hurumende tsarist akatora waiting uye ona mafungiro. Vabatsirei kungopfeka kutumira kuUkraine chingwa uye munyu, chisarudzo kutamisira Ukrainians pamupendero enyika, chinjanai nevamiririri venyika.

rapprochement kosi

Links pakati Bogdanom Hmelnitskim uye hurumende yeRussia vakauya upenyu mumakore 1652-1653, makore vokupedzisira yekusunungura hondo. Inenge ichi- akafamba Embassy rweUkraine kuMoscow uye kubva kuMoscow kuUkraine. Muna January muna 1652, Khmelnitsky akatumira guru Russian nhume yake Ivan Iskra. Dzomoto kuitira embasi vakati Hetman uye hondo yose Zaporozhye vanoda "mambo akaenda navo parutivi rwake."

Muna December muna 1652 uye January 1653 muMoscow, vakabata hurukuro Samoilo Zarudny nevaunotamba navo mumitambo. Zarudny akati kuna mambo, "akarayira ravo mukuitwa noruoko rune rwavo wamambo". January 6, 1653 Khmelnitsky Chigirin Batsirai akadana vakuru, avo vakasarudza kushivirira Poland, uye kuramba kurwa kusvikira zvaitika kundopinda Ukraine kupinda Russia.

Muna April-May 1653 hurukuro muMoscow vaiva nhume Kondratiy Burlyay naSirivhano Muzhilovsky. Hurumende tsarist akatuma nhume kuna Bogdanu Hmelnitskomu, kunyanya mukupera May 1653rd akasiya Chyhyryn Matveev uye Fomin.

Mugore ra1654: Ukraine-Russia - pamwechete nokusingaperi

Kuomesa zvinhu muUkraine vakamanikidza hurumende tsarist kuti rikurumidze sarudzo. June 22, 1653 muUkraine kubva Moscow mutariri akaenda Fedor Ladyzhenskii aine tsamba kubva chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich, chakapiwa kuti munotenderana kuchinjwa munyika muUkraine pasi "omuumambo ruoko."

October 1, 1653 muMoscow, akasangana Zemsky Sobor, yakagadzirirwa zvakajeka kugadzirisa nyaya ukama pakati Russia uye Ukraine, uye kuzivisa hondo Commonwealth. The Faceted Chamber of Kremlin akasarudza "Army pakati Zaporozhye uye Hetman Bogdana Hmelnitskogo pamwe dzacho uye maguta kushandisa pasi mambo ruoko." Saka nhoroondo yakaitwa. The reunification of Ukraine pamwe Russia akabvumirwa kwete chete mambo asiwo zvikamu zvose vokuparidzira (kunze serfs vakanga vasina kodzero dzokuvhota), uyo vamiririri vakaungana mune Church. Panguva imwe chete, kuti Zemsky Sobor akasarudza kutanga hondo pamwe Poland.

Zvisinei, ichi hachisi pakupedzisira accession rweUkraine kuRussia. Ra1654 Zvakatora zvakawanda misangano inoverengeka pamberi chokupedzisira kupinda ezvinhu ave zvakashanda kunze. Russia yakanga inokosha kuziva kuUkraine somunhu akasununguka uye akazvimirira nyika. Izvi zvakanga zviri Mutongo Provincial Council rinoti saka, "kuti varege kusunungura rupi muna Turkish Sultan uye Crimean Khan, nekuti vava mhiko youmambo vakasununguka vanhu."

Kusaina chesungano

January 31, 1653 yokuRussia Embassy anosvika pangozi Khmelnitsky - guta Pereyaslav - aine tsamba pamusoro chisarudzo Zemsky Sobor uye "soro murayiro." Embassy, inotungamirwa V. Buturlin akanga kwazvo akakwazisa vakuru uye vanhuwo zvavo.

January 6, mugore ra1654 Pereyaslav Bogdan Hmelnitsky asvika uye zuva rakatevera akasangana senhume, kuti vakurukure ezvinhu ari Union wacho. 8 January, pashure muchivande akurukure vakuru accession ezvinhu, Bogdan Khmelnitsky akaenda kuvanhu Akazvisimbisira accession rweUkraine kuRussia. Ra1654 raiva pakachinja njodzi marudzi maviri.

Ukrainian Embassy rave vachiuya muMoscow kukurukura mashoko yokuzvidira hwomukova kuRuboshwe-Bank Ukraine pasi protectorate yeRussian Empire.

Ukraine History muna yemichindwe: reunification pamwe Russia

• 1591-1593 gg. - vakanyoresa Cossacks kumukira vokuPoland kwamachinda uye wokutanga bhuku Hetman Krishtofa Kosinskogo rubatsiro kuna Russian chamber.
• 1622, 1624 wacho. - Bishop Isaiya Kopinskogo chikumbiro, ipapo Metropolitan Iova Boretskogo kuna mambo kubvuma Orthodox Little Russia muna Russian citizenship.
• 1648 - Bohdan Khmelnytsky anomutsa-Ukrainian zvose kumukira kwamachinda uye June 8, anonyora tsamba yokutanga kuna chevaux Alexei Mikhailovich rubatsiro uye mubatanidzwa. The kukunda pamusoro Cossack mauto nokusaina Zborowski runyararo chibvumirano rokutanga anopa kuzvionera Zaporizhia Army.
• 1651 - resumption rehondo, rinorema kukundwa Cossacks Berestechko.
• 1653 - A kurapwa itsva Bogdana Hmelnitskogo kuti vokuRussia kubatsira Cossacks uye chikumbiro nokuda kuitwa kuRuboshwe-Bank Ukraine mu citizenship. October 1 akasangana Zemsky Sobor.
• Mugore ra1654 - January 8, akaunganidza Pereyaslavskaya farai pachena akasarudza batanidza pamwe Russia. March 27 Zemsky Sobor uye mambo akasangana ruzhinji zvikumbiro kuisa mberi nevakuru Hetman anoitarisira rwakafara kuzvionera. Gwaro rino pakupedzisira vakanochengeta reunification kubva kuruboshwe-bhangi Ukraine pamwe Russia.