Hondo Smolensk 1941: ukoshi

Muzhizha 1941 pamasvingo Smolensk, tariro Hitler kuti chehondo kupenya blitzkrieg pamusoro Soviet Union kwaifanira kupera. Pano, mauto eGermany kungova boka wehondo "Center", Musanyura nokuti 2 months ari hondo pamwe Red Army uye nokudaro vakarasika kwete chete nguva, asi kumhanya kufamba, uyewo masimba angada navo ramangwana.

Hondo Smolensk 1941 ndiyo zvakawanda rose remapazi zvose zvinogumbura uye kuzvidzivirira zvakasikwa. Vanopedza chikamu nevarwi Central, Western, Bryansk uye Reserve fronts pamusoro mauto Nazi, nhengo "Centre" boka wehondo. Smolensk kurwa kwakaitika munguva kubva 10 July 10 September. Nebope pakati maviri anorwisana mapato akabata yakakura kufukidza anenge 650? Km nechemberi mutsetse uye kwakawedzera nokuda anenge 250? Km. It vakatanga hondo huru ropa. Hondo Smolensk, ndinofanira kutaura, yava akaita basa rinokosha.

urongwa vokuGermany

Raiva gore hondo yokutanga. Muna July, weNazi hutungamiri pamberi General-Field Marshal Feodor of Bock kuva murayiro zvikamu Mauto "Center", chinonyanya kukosha basa. Akanga akapoteredzwa uye mberi kuparadzwa mauto Soviet, kuchengetedza kudzivirira penzizi Dnieper uye Western Dvina. Mukuwedzera, mauto eGermany akakunda guta Smolensk, Vitebsk uye Orsha. Izvi kuvatendera kuvhura zvakananga nzira chokupedzisira kurwisa Moscow.

Location wamapoka Soviet

By mukupera June, murayiro Soviet akatanga nokukurumidza kuwedzera uwandu nevarwi Red Army pamahombekombe kuWestern Dvina uye Dnepr. Chakapiwa basa: kutora Polotsk, Vitebsk, Orsha, Kraslava, rwizi Dnepr uye kugadzirisa miganhu izvi. Hondo Smolensk akanga nechinangwa chero zvazvingava kutadzisa budiriro revarwi German nechepakati maindasitiri nzvimbo munyika, uyewo Moscow. Pamusangano kudzika vanenge 250? Km kubva kumberi 19 nemapoka muAtlantic. Smolensk zvakare vakagadzirira kuzvidzivirira.

July 10 nevarwi Western Front, akaraira Marshal Timoshenko, raiva 5 Mauto (37 nemapoka). Uye izvi pasingaverengwi kuenda kubva munharaunda Western Belarus zvakasiyana zvikamu nemauto eSoviet. Asi panguva iyoyo mapoka 24 chete vasvika panzvimbo nekutumirwa kwemauto.

The nzvimbo uye nhamba wamapoka German

Hondo Smolensk muna 1941 raiva zvechokwadi zvikuru. Izvi runoratidzwa nhamba mauto avo vakatora chikamu mairi. Pandaipinda buildup mauto eSoviet, murayiro German uyewo racho rose ringakweva pamwe huru mauto ayo mapoka maviri tangi munzvimbo yacho Western Dvina uye Dnepr. Panguva iyo inifanduri weboka rechi16 Army, iyo yaiva chikamu zvikamu 'North' boka, akatora chikamu kubva Drissa kuna Idritsa.

Kana vaviri munda Mauto kungova "Center" boka, riri mapoka anopfuura 30, vari lagging shure akura kwokubatana inenge 130-150? Km. Chikonzero nokunonoka vakava kukuru kurwa pamusoro munharaunda Belarus.

Panguva yatanga ruvengo vokuGermany akakwanisa kusika zvimwe ukuru mune zvemichina uye manpower mumunda mirayiridzo huru kuvhunduka.

Hondo Smolensk 1941 iri conventionally muzvikamu 4 nzendo. Mumwe nomumwe wavo kunokosha chaizvo kubva nemaonero zvenhoroondo.

Danho rokutanga

It kubvira 10 kusvika 20 July. Masoja Soviet panguva ino chete vanoratidza kuwedzera matambudziko muvengi kuti Akanisa kurudyi bapiro uye Nhongonya Western Front. Panzer Group German Gotha uye rechi16 Field Army, kuita pamwe chete, aigona akatsemura 22 ndipo uye kutyora kwokudzivirira rechi19 Army, iri Vitebsk mudunhu. Somugumisiro kuramba kurwa kwevaNazi vakakwanisa vabate Velizh, Polack, Nevel, Demidov uye Dukhovshchina.

Akundikana, zviumbu Soviet of 22nd Army akasimbisa nzvimbo yaro iri Lovat River. Vakachengeta Luke Great. Zvichakadai, 19-I, kutungamirira kurwa, akamanikidzwa shure kuna Smolensk. Ikoko, iye, pamwe yechi16 Army akatungamirira hondo kuzvidzivirira kuti guta.

Zvichakadai, 2nd Panzer Group, akaraira Geynts Guderian, chikamu mauto ake akakwanisa vakombe mauto eSoviet pedyo Mogilev. Asi chikuru simba ravo akakandwa kubatwa pamusoro Orsha, Smolensk, Krichev uye Yelnya. Zvimwe zvikamu mauto eSoviet akanga akapoteredzwa, vamwe vakaedza kuchengeta Mogilev. Zvichakadai, 21th Army aidzidza inobudirira tsamwisa uye akasunungura Rogachev uye Zhlobin. Zvadaro, pasina kumbomira, akatanga mberi musi Byhov uye Bobruisk. Nezviito izvi, zviri wakarovererwa pasi masimba makuru ari 2nd munda weuto muvengi.

chechipiri gumbo

Iyi ndiyo nguva kubva 21 July kusvika 7 August. The Soviet Army, uyo akarwa pamusoro Western Front, akapiwa vavabatsire itsva, uye pakarepo vakaenda kurwisa munzvimbo nemisha dzevanhu Yartsevo, White uye Roslavl. In rwezasi, emauto boka, iine mumapoka matatu, waitanga kurwisa bapiro uye akaedza kumhanya kumativi huru ehondo anokwana zviyero muvengi, dziri "Centre" boka wehondo. Gare gare, vanhu vokuGermany akabatana stragglers papi.

July rechi24 rechi13 uye 21th Army akabatanawo Central Front. Mukuru akagadzwa Colonel-General FI Kuznetsov. Somugumisiro kurwisa masimba anosimbirira uye ropa Soviet vakakwanisa kumisa munhu kurongwa mapoka nokurwiswa muvengi tangi, uye 16-ndipo uye 20-fung hondo kurwa akaputsa kubva encirclement. Pashure 6 Mazuva, rakachengetedzwa zvakasikwa chimwe mberi - Reserve. Mutungamiriri waro aiva General Zhukov.

Wechitatu Danho

It kubvira 8 kusvika 21 August. Panguva ino kurwa vakatamira kumaodzanyemba Smolensk kuna Central, uye gare gare kuti Bryansk Front. Last akasika musi 16 Nyamavhuvhu. Vakanzi wemutungamiri refutenendi-General A. Yeremenko. Kubva 8 August, Red Army akabudirira vamutye Kurwisa ose vokuGermany uye boka ravo tangi. Panzvimbo achisiya pamusoro Moscow, vokuGermany dzakamanikidzwa akakuitira zvikamu Soviet ravarwi, kutyisidzirwa kwavari kubva kumaodzanyemba. Asi, pasinei ichi, vokuGermany vakakwanisa kutamira munharaunda dzinenge 120-150? Km. Vakakwanisa kudzinga achikanganisa pakati kubatana maviri Central uye Bryansk Fronts.

Kwaiva kutyisidzira zvakatipoteredza. Vachiriita Mutongo South-West uye Central fronts August 19 waiiswa Dnieper. The nevarwi Western uye Reserve, uyewo 43th uye rechi24 Army akatanga kununura kurwiswa simba kurwa navavengi kumatunhu uye Yartsevo Yelnya. Somugumisiro, vanhu vokuGermany vakatambura zvikuru kurasikirwa.

Danho chechina

Chokupedzisira chokutambudzika hondo kwakaitika munguva kubva 22 August 10 September. Mauto eGermany wechipiri, pamwechete tangi boka akaramba kurwa nemauto eSoviet musi Bryansk Front. Panguva iyi, matangi muvengi vakanga pasi chenguva muhombe mhepo nenjodzi. Izvi mhepo njodzi zvaisanganisira ndege kupfuura 450. Asi, pasinei neizvi, tsamwisa tangi boka kumbomira uye vakakundikana. It akaparadzawo simba kurudyi Bapiro Western Front. Saka, vanhu vokuGermany vakanga dzatora guta Toropets. 22 ndipo uye 29 ndipo Army aifanira shure nokuda Western Dvina.

September 1, mauto eSoviet vakarayirwa kuenda kurwisa, asi hazvina kubudirira chaizvo. Yakanga chete yakakwana kubvisa ngozi protrusion veGermany pedyo Elnya. Uye musi 10 September kurwisa, kwakasarudzwa kurega uye uende pamusoro achizvidzivirira. Saka kupera Hondo Smolensk muna 1941.

kudzivirira Smolensk

Vamwe vanyori venhau dzakaitika chiwanzo chokudavira kuti mauto eSoviet vakasiya guta 16 July. Asi uchapupu hunoratidza kuti Red Army akadzivirira Smolensk. Izvi runoratidzwa zvinokosha nezvinhu kutambudza vokuGermany vaida kupaza kuna chaizvo peguta, vakaritora.

Kunonoka muvengi mauto musi July 17, varayirwa Colonel P. Malyshev sappers vakanga Varidza vakasimudza mabhiriji mhiri Dnieper. Mumazuva maviri aiva mberi kukuru mumugwagwa kurwa, kana dzimwe guta dzakawanda kanoverengeka aigona kupfuura imwe, ipapo Ukuwo.

Zvichakadai, vanhu vokuGermany yakatowedzera simba ravo rehondo, uye mangwanani 19 July, vachiri vakakwanisa kubata chimedu Smolensk, riri kurudyi kumahombekombe erwizi. Asi mauto eSoviet akanga asiri kuenda mumaoko guta kusvikira muvengi. Smolensk hondo kuzvidzivirira rwakatora 22 uye 23 July. Panguva yake Red Army kuitwa inobudirira chaizvo counterattack, uye inosunungura yomumusha pedyo mumugwagwa, nechigumbuso kubudikidza nechigumbuso. In hondo vaNazi guta kushandiswa murazvo-vachikanda matangi. nzira iyi huru murazvo ichivhuvhuta spewed boka ravo anouya 60 mamita pakureba. Mukuwedzera, pamisoro varwi Soviet kuramba kubhururuka nendege German.

Kunyanya hondo dzinotyisa dzakarwiwa guta kumakuva, uyewo chero pabwe muzvivako. Kakawanda rinoputika kupinda melee, izvo kazhinji yakaguma mukukunda kurutivi yeSoviet. Kuwanda Kurwa kwakanga yakakwirira kuti vokuGermany chete havana nguva kuti kure zvavo vakafa uye vakuvadzwa.

Pakati pavatatu pamapoka Soviet kuti akatora chikamu kudzivirira Smolensk, mune imwe neimwe pane asina kupfuura 250-300 masoja, zvokudya uye zvombo vakange vaneta zvose. Zvichakadai, Consolidated boka pasi murayiro Rokossovsky unonyangadzwa vokuGermany muguta Yartsevo uye akakunda kuyambuka Dnieper pedyo Solovyov uye Ratchino. Hazvina chiito ichi vabvumirwe mubve kwezvakatipoteredza 19 ndipo uye 16 fung mauto eSoviet.

The okupedzisira Red Army vakabva Smolensk usiku 28 kusvika 29 July. Pakanga rechiuto imwe chete. Vakaenda Senior Political A. Turov. Chinangwa rechiuto ichi chaiva kufukidza kushaya huru ehondo mauto eSoviet kubva Smolensk, uyewo kutevedzera kuvapo huru muchiuto dzakabatana. Apedza murayiro, vakapukunyuka vakatamira emagandanga chiito.

zvabuda

Muna 1941, chete rirwadze Mukuru Patriotic War. Hondo Smolensk akapa vatungamiri Red Army anodiwa muchiuto ruzivo, pasina pazviri pasingabviri kundorwa muvengi rakarongwa uye simba zvakadaro. kunetsana ichi, izvo kwemwedzi miviri, yaiva chikonzero chikuru kuti kukundikana yaHitler blitzkrieg zano pamusoro Soviet Union.

Zvichireva Smolenskii kurwa hunokosha. Nemhaka rinopfuura revanhu kuita uye umhare zviito, uyewo mari hombe nezvinhu, Red Army akakwanisa kumisa muvengi uye kuenda kwokudzivirira nzira kuMoscow. Mauto eSoviet akatora brunt Germany Panzer Group, iyo aida kushandisa guta inokosha rechipiri Soviet Union - Leningrad.

Hondo Smolensk, mapikicha zviitiko ndiwo achiripo, akaratidza kuti akawandisa mauto nemapurisa vachikanganisa hwake noushingi uye udyire akadzivirira chaizvoizvo ose padiki yake yaakaberekerwa. Asi usakanganwa pamusoro vanhuwo zvavo kwete chete guta asiwo nzvimbo iyo akapa rubatsiro runokosha pakasikwa kuzvidzivirira nzvimbo. Vanenge 300 zviuru. Veko. Mukuwedzera, ivo vakapindawo chikamu mukurwa. Mune Smolensk nharaunda munguva pfupi nguva yakaumbwa zvinopfuura 25 brigades uye battalions dzavaparadzi.