Kusaina kuita isiyo Kuregwa Germany. Nhoroondo Second World War

May 9, 1945 - musi uyu inozivikanwa ose ugere Russia ano uye yaimbova Soviet Union sezvo zuva Great Victory pamusoro Fascism. Sezvineiwo, nhoroondo zvinhu hazvisi nguva dzose inonzwisisika, izvi zvinobvumira zvimwe Vanyori Western Europe kuti vasataura zviitiko. The kusaina kwechiitiko isiyo Kuregwa Germany zvakaitika zvishoma zvakasiyana pane isu tese kubva mumabhuku enhau, asi haachinji mufananidzo mberi uye Zvaizobuda ropa hondo.

tsamwisa

Red Army munguva yechando makore 43-44 akadzinga vokuGermany kusvikira kumuganhu pamusoro fronts zvose. Vanotyisa hondo kunge aneta mauto muvengi, asi kuti pave nematambudziko nokuti masoja Soviet. Kusunungurwa yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, Belarus, Ukraine, Poland, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, kwakaitika nzira 1944, Red Army akasvika kumiganhu murwisi nyika. The kusaina kwechiitiko isiyo Kuregwa Germany kuchiri kuuya, vaneta makiromita yaMarch mauto vanofanira vaironga kuunganazve kuti hondo yokupedzisira. Kutora Berlin rava nyaya nomukurumbira wenyika yedu, mukuedza uku, uye vakabatana. January 1945 yaiva nguva yandisingazodzokizve nekuda vaNazi, hondo chakarasika zvachose, asi rakanga dzinotyisa akaramba pamusoro kumucheto Berlin. The kusikwa vazhinji akakombwa namasvingo, kutendeuka weuto zviyero, kuti marwadzo dzemapoka pamusoro Eastern Front - Hitler anotora zviito izvi kuitira kumisa mauto eSoviet. In chikamu Rinotarisira kunonoka kufambira mberi musi Berlin, zvinonzi kumbosiyiwa kubva February kuna April 1945. The oparesheni chakanyatsorongwa aronga uye vakagadzirira, kuti mberi fronts kudhonzera pamwe chete zvose zvinobvira reserves uye nezvombo. Kubva 16 April 17, 1945 kurwisa guta guru Germany anotanga fronts maviri - wokutanga Belarusian (Marshal Zhukov Georgiy Konstantinovich) uye rokutanga Ukrainian (. Chapter Wehondo Konev Ivan Stepanovich), wechipiri Belarusian Front (Rokossovskiy Konstantin Konstantinovich) anofanira kushandisa guta zvakatipoteredza uye kudzivirira kuedza kupaza. Sokunge paiva izvi zvinotyisa makore mana yehondo, vakakuvadzwa akasimuka akaenda kushanda pana Berlin, pasinei kunotyisa kurwisa kwevaNazi, yakatsvairwa simbisa, vose vaiziva kuti ndiko nzira mukukunda. Chete masikati musi May 2 45 gore guru Third Reich ndokuwira zvakakwana anyerere, zvisaririra veboka ravarwi mapfumo uye mireza Soviet chakatsiva swastika pamusoro zvasara wakaparadzwa muzvivako.

nevatsigiri

Muzhizha ra1944 anotanga massaging chinotangira iri sungano mauto kumadokero negwara. Zvinonzi ainyanya kunokonzerwa wo nokukurumidza yakakuwandira of Red Army pamusoro yose pakureba rokumabvazuva mberi. The kumhara pamusoro Norman kumhara, inokosha kubhomba huru maindasitiri nzvimbo Third Reich, kushanda muchiuto munharaunda Belgium, France, uye Germany, yekudyidzana kuomesa ezvinhu Nazi Germany. Basa kwenharaunda Ruhr, kumaodzanyemba Austria aibvumirwa mberi zvakadzika munharaunda atadza. The kunozivikanwa musangano Soviet uye sungano mauto ari Elbe River muna April '45 chaizvoizvo rokupedzisira danho iri hondo. The capitulation weNazi Germany, inova nyaya nguva, kunyanya nekuti vamwe nayo vakatotanga vamwe wemauto Wehrmacht. Kubva enyika nemaonero, ari kubatwa kweBerlin zvaidikanwa vatsigiri saizvozvo sezvinoita Soviet Union, kakawanda hazvina anotaura Eisenhower. vakabata pamusoro tsamwisa uyu hunonzi zvinogoneka kuti kwakabatana zvikamu British, vokuAmerica uye vokuCanada. Pashure kundikana Ardennes pakaunda-kurwisa, mauto eGermany kuenda pamusoro zvinenge fronts zvose pasina hasha kurwa, kuedza kukanda kurwisana-inokwanisa kwokubatana kumabvazuva. Hitler chaizvoizvo atendeuka rake vatsigiri USSR, zvose zvinoedza kuitwa nokutuma kumisa Red Army. The mberi yechipiri yakanga ichifambira zvishoma nezvishoma, murayiro wemasangano ose yeimwe aisada inorema nezvinhu pakati pemauto ake panguva kurwisa rakavakirwa Berlin uye aro.

vokuGermany

Hitler akamirira kusvikira pakuguma zvaparadzanisa ari muhurumende uye kuchinja pasi pamberi mutsetse. Aiva nechivimbo chokuti musangano kuchaguma idzva omubatanidzwa kurwisa USSR. Kana tarisiro yake havana akasangana, akasarudza kuita norugare United States uye Great Britain, iyo aizopa mukana kuvhara kechipiri mberi. Nhaurirano vave chavhiringidzwa nokuda nenguva vakawana maererano nenjere Soviet. Izvi wakakurumidza zvikuru kufambira mberi Red Army uye kwakatadzisa mukana kupedzisa munechimwewo runyararo. Vatsigiri akanga zvakasimba chandagwinyira zvaidiwa ose Yalta zvibvumirano, izvo zvaireva kusaina kwechiitiko isiyo Kuregwa Germany. "Pass" Berlin, Hitler akanga agadzirira reBritain neAmerica Mauto kuita saka haana kubudirira nokuda murayiro yeSoviet. Tsamwisa uye dutu guru Third Reich akatanga kuti mauto edu kukudzwa. VaNazi fanatically akadzivirira, akanga po- mumusiye, kuti nzira kuguta akasimbiswa akavakirirwa nzvimbo.

The Yalta Conference

Wandisa tsamwisa kumabvazuva uye vokumadokero mberi akajekesera vaNazi kuti vane pedo zvachose capitulation muGermany. 1945 (mavambo ake) Hitler haana kusiya mukana kuhwinha uye zvichiita hondo-refu zvose fronts. Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa ainzwisisa kukosha ane vakabvumirana rugare zvokupedza miganhu uye zvematongerwo kwokushanduka vasunungurwa Europe. Vamiririri chemhando chechetere nhatu masimba batana muna February 1945 vakaungana Yalta. Stalin, Roosevelt uye Churchill kusarudza remangwana kwete chete Germany, Poland, Italy uye France, ivo ndakasika mutsva European nechirwere mudziyo kuti kuchengetwa pamusoro 40 akatevera. Zvechokwadi, mumamiriro ezvinhu aya, hapana nyika vasingagoni zvitungamirire mashoko avo, saka migumisiro musangano uyu enhoroondo aoma akagutsa zvinodiwa vatungamiriri. Asi nyaya huru yaiva kuparadzwa kwechiFascist urudzi, njodzi neChikomonisiti yakadaro vakaziva vechikamu vese.

Kugadzirira chinyorwa

The kusaina kwechiitiko isiyo Kuregwa Germany yaiva 1945, asi kunyange muna 1943 rimwe nekubatwa gwaro iri rave vakabvumirana vose kunyika Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. The initiator yawo rezvisikwa aiva Roosevelt, gwaro racho rakanyorwa pamwe rubatsiro ane Advisory komiti zvinosanganisira Nyanzvi European. chinyorwa pamusoro gwaro raiva rakakura uye aiva Advisory zvakasikwa, saka kutaura zvazviri capitulation German yakanga yakasainwa pashure nekugadzirira ane zvakasiyana zvachose gwaro. American mapurisa akauya yaro kukura kubva muchiuto, evasingatombonamati pragmatic divi. The matanhatu pfungwa gwaro raiva chaizvo zvinodiwa, vamwe mazuva uye pachishandiswa pakuparwa kutyora chero nyaya, dzakanga zvenhau.

kukwana kusarenda

Several guru zviumbu nevarwi Wehrmacht vakazvipira kuna omubatanidzwa mauto pamberi chibvumirano yakanga wakasainwa musi zvizere kusarenda vaFascist. Mapoka German nemauto vakaedza kupaza kumavirira, kwete kundorwa Russian. murayiro wavo aiziva kuti hondo yapera, uye pokugara vanogona kuwana, chete Nokuzvidira nhapwa vokuAmerica uye British. Kunyanya boka SS mauto, inozivikanwa utsinye muSoviet Union, vakatiza kubva kukurumidza mberi Russian. Nyaya kusarenda chokutanga chakanyorwa April 29, 1945 muItaly. Mauto Soviet musi May 2nd mapfumo boka ravarwi Berlin, Germany mauto wengarava musi May 4 muDenmark, Netherlands mapfumo yokuBritain, musi 5 May, Army Group "G" mapfumo, asati asvika vekuAmerica Austria.

Gwaro rokutanga

May 8, 1945 - zuva iri Europe iri kuonekwa Day Kukunda pamusoro Fascism. Iye haana kusarudzwa netsaona, mune chokwadi vamiririri hurumende itsva Germany akasaina kupa musi May 7 uye upinde simba pamusoro gwaro ndakanga rakatevera zuva. Admiral Friedeburg sezvo chikamu German nhume akasvika Rhine, rakanga yakavakirwa dzimbahwe Eisenhower unoda capitulation May 5, 1945. VaNazi vakatanga kutengeserana pamwe nevatsigiri vayo pasi chibvumirano gwaro, kuedza kutenga nguva uye kuunza mauto dzakawanda uye rehurumende Vagari kumadokero pamberi mutsetse, apo haana kurega kuedza kuita mauto eSoviet kumabvazuva negwara. Eisenhower vakaramba zvachose vose mibvunzo vokuGermany, Anoomerera pamusoro zvizere uye isiyo Kuregwa Germany uye kusaina kuti gwaro vose mapato kuti mukakavadzane. May 6, muna Rhine vakadanwa vamiririri vose sungano mauto. In Soviet nhoroondo mabhuku regai kufunga ndiani akasaina chiito capitulation muGermany rokutanga musimboti, asi mazita evanhu ava vakapona kubva Soviet Union - General Susloparov, kubva mauto akabatana dzairwisa - General Smith, kubva Germany - General Jodl, Admiral Friedeburg.

Stalin

Ivan Alekseevich Susloparov aiva nhengo Soviet basa padzimbahwe racho vatsigiri, saka usati kuisa siginicha dzenyu kare gwaro, vakapfuura mashoko kuMoscow. Mhinduro yakauya mushakabvu, asi nzvimbo yake wechina zvaireva mukana nekugadzirisa yepakutanga shanduro, uye izvi akatora Stalin. Akaramba apiwa kusaina gwaro, sezvo nharo kuti zvinotevera vakapiwa:

1. VaNazi mushure kusaina kuti kupa inoramba kuzvidzivirira akavhiyiwa zvechiuto kumabvazuva mberi.
2. Iye akaisa zvikuru Stalin uye kune capitulation German yakanga yakasainwa. Kuti izvi zvidaro, yake pfungwa, zvakakodzera chete guta guru akakundwa mamiriro.
3. Susloparov haana simba kuti pepa rino.

The dzairwisa vakabvuma ake pfungwa, kunyanya mune chokwadi yaiva uchidzokorora muitiro, izvo haachinji ayo chaizvo.

The capitulation muGermany

Musi ratification of rapfuura chibvumirano wakaiswa nokuda May 8, 1945. In maawa 22 maminitsi 43 nguva iri European nzira kuti kusaina kupa rakapedzwa muMoscow akanga atova rakatevera. Ndokusaka mangwanani yaMay 9 pamusoro munharaunda USSR akanzi kuguma hondo uye kukundwa Nazi Germany rakakwana. Kutaura zvazviri, gwaro racho yakasainwa pasina kuchinja kubva murayiro Soviet nayo akasaina Marshal Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich, nokuda wakashamwaridzana mauto - Marshal Arthur Tedder, kubva Germany - mukuru wehondo Wehrmacht Wilhelm Keitel, Colonel-General Stumpf Luftwaffe, Navy Adm Friedeburg. Sezvo zvapupu vaiva General Lattre of Tassigny (France), General Spaatz (USA).

ruvengo

yechiFascist mapoka akawanda vakasaziva capitulation uye akaramba tirwisane Soviet (munharaunda Austria uye Czechoslovakia), vachitarisira kupaza kumavirira uye azvipe mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany. kuedza kwakadaro dzakamiswa kuparadzwa mauto muvengi, saka chaiko akavhiyiwa muchiuto rwaiitwa pamusoro Eastern Front kusvikira May 19, 1945. Vanenge mamiriyoni 1,5 masoja eGermany uye 100 vemauto yabvuma mauto eSoviet mushure May 8th. Nhamba chete kudhumhana raikosha, akapararira simba muvengi kazhinji akaramba mauto edu, saka mazita evaya vakaurayiwa muhondo zvinotyisa izvi hakungoitwi musi 9 May. The mhedziso rugare pakati makuru mapato kunetsana kumboitika panguva nemasaini iri "capitulation muGermany." A musi huchagumisa kumutungamiriri yokurwisana, achauya chete muna June 1945. Panguva iyoyo, zvichakurudzira akambochera uye akasaina gwaro, iyo inobva post-hondo nyika kudzora pfungwa.

kukunda

Levitan akazivisa kuguma Great Patriotic War, May 9, 1945. Nhasi kupemberera nemakambani Soviet vanhu vakunde pamusoro Nazi Germany. Zvino, zvino hazvina basa chii nhamba yakanga akasaina capitulation, 7 kana 8, chinhu chikuru ndechokuti kuti kusaina gwaro. Marudzi mazhinji vakatambura muhondo iyi, asi Russian kucharamba kudada kuti paiva wakaputsika uye akasunungura nyika yavo uye Europe. The vakunda rakaoma, yaiita mamiriyoni akawanda evanhu, uye basa murume wose ano - kudzivisa dzokororo ane dambudziko rakadai. The kusaina kwechiitiko isiyo Kuregwa Germany kwakaitika kaviri, asi zvinorehwa gwaro iri rakasiyana.